Smooth cutting pattern generation technique for membrane structures using geodesic line on subplane and spline interpolation

Practical techniques for smooth geodesic patterning of membrane structures were investigated.For the geodesic search,adjustment of the subplane of the extracted elements series was proposed,and various spline approximation methods were used to flatten the strip for the generation of a smooth pattern.This search approach is very simple,and the geodesic line could be easily attained by the proposed method without the need for a difficult computation method.Smooth cutting patterning can also be generated by spline approximation without the noise in discrete nodal information.Additionally,the geodesic cutting pattern saved about 21%of the required area for the catenary model due to the reduction of the curvature of the planar pattern seam line.

Comparison of two Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy: cruciate pattern vs circular pattern with vitreous strand cutting

AIM： To investigate the effects and safety of neodymium： yttrium-aluminium-garnet（Nd：YAG） laser posterior capsulotomy with vitreous strand cuttingMETHODS： A total of 40 eyes of 37 patients with symptomatic posterior capsular opacity（PCO） were included in this prospective randomized study and were randomly subjected to either cruciate pattern or round pattern Nd：YAG posterior capsulotomy with vitreous strand cutting（modified round pattern）. The best corrected visual acuity（BCVA）, intraocular pressure（IOP）, refractive error, endothelial cell count（ECC）, anterior segment parameters, including anterior chamber depth（ACD） and anterior chamber angle（ACA） were measured before and 1 mo after the laser posterior capsulotomy. RESULTS： In both groups, the BCVA improved significantly（P〈0.001 for the modified round pattern group, P=0.001 for the cruciate pattern group）; the IOP and ECC did not significantly change. The ACD significantly decreased（P〈0.001 for both） and the ACA significantly increased（P=0.001 for the modified round pattern group and P=0.034 for the cruciate group）. The extent of changes in these parameters was not significantly different between the groups.CONCLUSION： Modified round pattern Nd：YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is an effective and safe method for the treatment of PCO. This method significantly changes the ACD and ACA, but the change in refraction is not significant. Modified round pattern Nd：YAG laser posterior capsulotomy can be considered a good alternative procedure in patients with symptomatic PCO.

A Closer Look at the Design of Cutterheads for Hard Rock Tunnel-Boring Machines

The success of a tunnel-boring machine （TBM） in a given project depends on the functionality of all components of the system, from the cutters to the backup system, and on the entire rolling stock. However, no part of the machine plays a more crucial role in the efficient operation of the machine than its cutterhead. The design of the cutterhead impacts the efficiency of cutting, the balance of the head, the life of the cutters, the maintenance of the main bearing/gearbox, and the effectiveness of the mucking along with its effects on the wear of the face and gage cutters/muck buckets. Overall, cutterhead design heavily impacts the rate of penetration （ROP）, rate of machine utilization （U）, and daffy advance rate （AR）. Although there has been some discussion in commonly available publications regarding disk cutters, cutting forces, and some design features of the head, there is limited literature on this subject because the design of cutter- heads is mainly handled by machine manufacturers. Most of the design process involves proprietary algorithms by the manufacturers, and despite recent attention on the subject, the design of rock TBMs has been somewhat of a mystery to most end-users. This paper is an attempt to demystify the basic concepts in design. Although it may not be sufficient for a full-fledged design by the readers, this paper allows engineers and contractors to understand the thought process in the design steps, what to Look for in a proper design, and the implications of the head design on machine operation and life cycle.

微型机自动排料系统AutoCut设计与应用

与其它排料方法比较,计算机自动排料不但速度快,而且可以实现最优化排料,最大限度地降低材料消耗。但是,由于排料问题的复杂性,实现微型机自动排料受到微型机内存和速度限制。本文提出的自动排料算法以及根据这一算法设计的微型机自动排料系统AutoCut成功地解决了这一问题,并在实际应用中取得了显著的经济价值。

Forest recovery after clear-cutting in Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis) plantations of North China

In Hebei Province of North China, forest was recovered with natural recruitment in plantations with large area of clear-cutting Chinese pine（Pinus tabuliformis）. This study was aimed to demonstrate the dynamic characteristics of recruits during the natural recruitment. Both plot survey and the spatial point-pattern analysis were performed. Five developmental stages of natural recruitment were selected and studied, including 1 year before and 2, 5, 8, and 11 years after clear-cutting. Different slope aspects were also included. Natural recruitment was always dominated by Chinese pine with a proportion of higher than 90%. For plots of 1 year before clear-cutting on east-and north-facing slopes, recruit densities were 7886 and 5036 stems/hm2, the average heights were 0.78（±0.85） and 1.06（±1.15） m, and the average diameters at breast height（DBH） were 3.21（±1.38） and 2.91（±1.38） cm, respectively. After clear-cutting, recruit density was initially increased, then it was gradually declined with time; however, the variation of average DBH was contrary to that of recruit density. Both of them were no longer varied between 8 and 11 years after clear-cutting. The average height of recruits continued to increase after clear-cutting. For the plots of 11 years after clear-cutting on east-and north-facing slopes, average heights of recruits reached 2.00（±1.14） and 2.24（±1.20） m, respectively. The statuses of recruits on north-facing slopes were better than those on east-facing slopes after clear-cutting. Meanwhile, recruits on east-facing slopes were always aggregated at small scales, while spatial pattern of recruits varied with time on north-facing slopes. Moreover, forest was recovered more quickly by natural recruitment than by artificial afforestation after clear-cutting. The structural diversity was higher in naturally regenerated forests than in plantations of the same age. Our results demonstrated that clear-cutting of Chinese pine plantations recovered by natural recruitment has the potential to be an effective approach for establishing multifunctional forest.

Influence of tool deflection on micro channel pattern of 6:4 brass with rectangular tool

Machining experiment of micro channel structure with 6:4 brass was carried out by shaping process using a single crystal diamond tool. FEM simulation using solid cantilever beam model was analyzed. In result of experiment, tool deflection is observed as machining characteristics through result of experiments such as surface roughness, cutting force and burr formations. And the influence of tool deflection is experimentally proved.

Comparison of phase unwrapping algorithms for living cell's interference pattern

A multiphase microscopic interference system is designed to measure the height of cell which is important to the research of collective cell migration in physiology and medicine. This sys- tem can quantitatively measure cell height across a living monolayer without knowing the refractive index of cells. For the interference pattern, because the phases are all wrapped between - π to π, it is necessary to get the real phase through phase unwrapping,a method to restore the wrapped phase data of the object by using numerical calculations. Three representative algorithms are selected to unwrap the interference pattern of ceils： branch-cut method, quality-guided method and network method. Although each of them can restore the phase, their performances are obviously different. We compare these methods and find that branch-cut method needs the smallest execution time and can obtain good unwrapped patterns when noises are not serious.

瑞昌剪纸艺术与服装设计的融合表现

文章探讨了瑞昌剪纸艺术与服装设计的巧妙融合,彰显了传统文化在现代设计领域的独特魅力。瑞昌剪纸作为一种兼具南北特色的艺术形式,其图案设计灵活多变,手法独具匠心。文章提出以服装为载体,通过精心切割、提炼和改造剪纸图案,将其巧妙地应用于服装设计之中,从而展现出传统非遗与现代时尚的完美融合。研究着重强调了剪纸艺术在面料设计、造型设计和图案设计等多个方面的应用,并积极探索了3D打印技术和植物印染技术等新兴技术手段在剪纸艺术传承与创新中的潜力。

民间剪纸元素在家具设计中的应用

目的探究民间剪纸元素在家具设计中的应用价值与应用方法,为家具设计提供更多的思路。方法采用文献资料法和案例法,对民间剪纸元素在家具设计中的应用展开分析,得出更为直观、可行的应用方法。结论在家具设计中应用民间剪纸元素,应该把握直接运用、间接运用和变形运用的方法,恰当使用图案纹样,合理运用剪纸色彩,用文化内涵表达情感。

局部折叠在裁剪针织服装纸样中的应用

裁剪针织服装由于面料特性呈现出良好的伸缩性与悬垂性,能与多种结构造型手法结合形成创意服装造型。文章以纸样设计为基础,探究局部折叠设计在裁剪针织服装造型中的表现形式,通过典型案例与纸样设计研究,总结出裁剪针织服装局部折叠造型方法有切展叠褶法、部分重叠法、交错折叠法。该研究丰富了裁剪针织服装纸样设计方法,为针织服装造型设计提供了理论基础与技术支持。

静电成形薄膜反射面天线的裁剪设计

该文通过裁剪和拼接平面薄膜片来对静电成形薄膜反射面天线的表面进行设计制作。由于抛物面型薄膜反射面是一个不可展开表面,通常由许多平面薄膜片制作而成,将不可避免地降低反射面表面的精度。因此,需要详细地分析裁剪和拼接过程对反射面表面精度的影响,从而获得设计需要的表面精度。该文基于旋转抛物面的无矩理论建立了工作状态的反射面模型,采用常应变三角形单元离散反射面,建立了反射面的展平和拼接有限元模型。将同口径反射面沿经线划分若干组不同数量子曲面,通过子曲面进行展平和拼接数值仿真分析,对薄膜反射面进行裁剪设计。最后,制作了0.55 m口径的薄膜反射器,并进行了摄影测量实验。验证了该方法的有效性,并讨论了制造误差的影响。

剪纸图案在服装设计中的运用

剪纸是中国民间艺术形式之一,具有悠久的历史,承载着丰富的民俗文化,具有独特的审美价值。随着技术的发展和人们审美观念的转变,越来越多的设计师选择将传统的剪纸图案与现代服装设计相结合。剪纸图案与现代服装设计的结合不仅对服装设计的艺术表现具有深刻的意义,也受到了众多消费者的欢迎。对传统的剪纸图案在服装设计上的运用进行了归纳。

江苏油田复杂小断块高含水油藏注采井网优化技术

江苏油田复杂小断块油藏经过长期的注水开发后,目前处于中高含水开发期。现阶段储层非均质性对注采井网的影响更加突出,局部存在低效无效注水循环问题,亟需优化调整注采井网。根据非均质油藏剩余油富集类型和影响因素,在原井网基础上,利用油藏数值模拟方法,开展相控条件下的注采井网优化技术政策研究。根据模拟结果,确立了抽稀井网和转注高含水油井两种注采井网优化技术的政策界限,指导陈2断块、韦2断块注采井网优化调整,取得了良好的应用效果,为改善高含水油藏水驱开发效果提供了技术支撑。

基于Fluent软件的风向夹角对高速公路半路堑风吹雪影响研究

对高速公路两种半路堑路况进行Fluent数值模拟,分析风向夹角对半路堑积雪浓度的影响,得到半路堑积雪分布规律,为高速公路选线设计提供理论参考。结果表明:随风向夹角增大,背风半路堑积雪浓度整体为增加趋势,风向夹角为90°时积雪浓度最高,达到79.18 kg/m~3,形成严重的风积雪灾害;迎风半路堑整体浓度浮动趋势在5 kg/m~3以内,且积雪浓度在20 kg/m~3以下,不足以形成风积雪灾害。在风吹雪灾害频发地区进行高速公路选线设计时,应减小公路与主风向之间夹角,减少风吹雪灾害的发生。

傣族剪纸图案在服装设计中的运用

文章旨在探讨傣族剪纸图案在现代服装设计中的应用及其意义。文章通过调研分析了傣族剪纸文化的相关资料,深入探讨了傣族剪纸图案的艺术风貌,并详细分析了其色彩搭配、技艺特点以及在服装设计方面的应用方向。研究指出,将傣族剪纸与服装设计进行有机融合,不仅能够促进傣族剪纸这一传统文化的传播与发扬,还能提升其知名度,进而利用这一独特的文化资源为当地脱贫致富开辟新途径。

剪纸图案在包装设计中的应用研究

在现代消费市场中,消费者在选择购买目标产品时,除了会关注产品本身质量,还容易被其包装所吸引。因此,现代企业要想提升自家产品的市场销量,就必须高度重视包装创意设计。通过将传统剪纸艺术中的多样图案元素创新融入到现代包装设计中,不仅能够丰富完善包装设计表现内容,还可以提升产品包装的独特新颖性,满足消费者的个性化审美体验需求。本文将进一步对剪纸图案在包装设计中的应用展开分析与探讨,旨在提出实践应用策略。

创意立裁服装的成衣商业化探析——以减法立裁为例

创意立裁服饰需要在服饰设计时对艺术性与商业性进行取舍结合。文章讨论了随机性大、批量生产难、较有代表性的创意立裁手法——减法立裁与商业化成衣设计的联系,探究了商业化诚意设计中减法立裁首发的应用,以助力中国创意立裁成衣商业化的发展。

代县剪纸艺术在文创产品设计中的应用研究

以代县剪纸为研究对象,深入研究其地域文化与艺术特征,基于代县剪纸艺术进行文创产品设计,为代县剪纸艺术的传承与创新提供了新思路。通过分析代县剪纸在文创产业中发展的现状与困境,归纳其现有问题。对比分析国内优秀剪纸文创产品设计案例,结合我国文创产品市场趋势,寻找代县剪纸艺术与现代文创产品设计的契合点,针对性提出设计策略。对代县剪纸特色题材进行了造型提取,同时提炼了代县剪纸常用纹样元素,通过“形”与“意”的结合,将其艺术特色应用于现代文创产品设计实践中。该研究为代县剪纸艺术注入新的活力,为代县文创产业的发展提供了新的参考与思路。

女装褶饰袖结构设计及其技术原理

褶饰袖是将褶饰与衣袖相结合的一种创新袖型,但立体裁剪较难实现复杂的褶饰袖,针对这一问题,文章介绍了褶饰袖分类及其造型形态与结构,在东华女装袖原型的基础上,通过平面结构设计及立体试样的方式,根据褶饰袖款式设计,运用平行、扇形、混合切展的方式来确定褶量,完成女装褶饰袖结构设计及样板制作。针对各类型复杂褶饰袖结构设计技术,总结褶饰袖结构设计技术原理与规则,有原型法、平行切展法、结构重点法、主褶饰线确定法、褶饰线类比及仿形法、闭合法、旋转扇形切展法、纸样折叠验证法、混合切展法、褶饰直接作图法、检验法、多种切展法等,这些规则可以举一反三灵活运用在复杂女装褶饰结构设计中,为服装专业人员进行褶饰结构设计及制版提供参考。

基于传统图案元素的视觉传达设计策略

传统图案元素形式多样,内涵丰富,是我国民族文化瑰宝,我国设计人员应结合传统图案元素,设计视觉传达艺术作品,传承和发扬我国传统文化。本文深层剖析传统图案元素内涵,分析其视觉传达设计应用价值,即保证变化统一、引发思想共鸣和增强感性力量,在此基础上,根据我国视觉传达设计现状,提出传统图案元素应用策略,我国设计人员需巧用吉祥图案,增添绘画元素,结合剪纸艺术,应用传统色彩,以此增强视觉传达作品艺术表现力和感染力。