Yield and Nutritive Values of Semi- and Non-Fall Dormant Alfalfa Cultivars under Late-Cutting Schedule in California’s Central Valley

California is one of the major alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) forage-producing states in the U.S, but its production area has decreased significantly in the last couple of decades. Selection of cultivars with high yield and nutritive value under late-cutting schedule strategy may help identify cultivars that growers can use to maximize yield while maintaining area for sustainable alfalfa production, but there is little information on this strategy. A field study was conducted to determine cumulative dry matter (DM) and nutritive values of 20 semi- and non-fall dormant (FD) ratings (FD 7 and FD 8 - 10, respectively) cultivars under 35-day cut in California’s Central Valley in 2020-2022. Seasonal cumulative DM yields ranged from 6.8 in 2020 to 37.0 Mg·ha−1 in 2021. Four FD 8 - 9 cultivars were the highest yielding with 3-yrs avg. DM greater than the lowest yielding lines by 46%. FD 7 cultivar “715RR” produced the highest crude protein (CP: 240 g·Kg−1) while FD 8 cultivar “HVX840RR” resulted in the highest neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD: 484 g·Kg−1, 7% greater than the top yielding cultivars) but with DM yield intermediate. Yields and NDFD correlated positively but weakly indicating some semi- and non-FD cultivars performing similarly. These results suggest that selecting high yielding cultivars under 35-day cutting schedule strategy can be used as a tool to help growers to maximize yield while achieving good quality forages for sustainable alfalfa production in California’s Central Valley.

Effect of Autumn Cutting Date on Regrowth, Turning Green, Yield and Quality of <i>Leymus chinensis</i>Grassland in Songnen Plain, Northeast China

A field study was carried out to quantify the effects of different cutting time on Leymus chinensis population and community characteristic in Songnen grassland of northeast China from August, 2006 to August, 2007. The treatment interval was ten days with the remaining stubble height of 5 cm from 15th August to 4th October in 2006. Results showed that the L. chinensis made up about 90% of the dry matter of aboveground biomass, and there were about ten species in the L. chinensis community in the 1 m × 1 m plot. The L. chinensis and Kalimeris integrifolia regrew rapidly after autumn cutting in 2016. In the second year, the coefficients of the community similarity were high between the different cutting time treatments. The density, height, aboveground biomass, stem/leaf ratio, and crude protein of L. chinensis were not significant at the turning green stage and harvesting stage, the companion species of L. chinensis community contained higher crude protein, but the crude protein of the plant community were not significant. Thus, considering the weather factor for haymaking, the harvest dates should be concentrated from the middle ten days of August to the first ten days in September.

Effects of Cutting Interval between Harvests on Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value in Alfalfa

Understanding the relationship between dry matter yield and nutritive value throughout the growing season will help optimize the cutting intervals between harvests in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The Ogallala Aquifer is a very important water source when growing alfalfa in Southwest Kansas and unfortunately, the water level of the Ogallala Aquifer is shrinking. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum cutting interval that optimizes dry matter yield and nutritive values of alfalfa. Alfalfa was harvested with different cutting intervals, i.e., every 28, 35, 42 and 49 day, which was equivalent of 5, 4, 4, and 3 cuttings per year, respectively in 2013 and 2014. Based on 2-yr total yield, by delaying alfalfa harvest by 21 days, i.e., from every 28th day to 49th day, alfalfa yield increased by 2.25 Mg/ha whereas by 5.58 Mg/ha by delaying cutting intervals from every 28th day to 42nd day. Although harvesting alfalfa every 42nd day had the same cutting frequency as the 35th day treatment (i.e., 4 cuttings per year), the treatment harvesting every 42nd day had significantly higher alfalfa yield than 35th day cutting interval. Alfalfa yield increased by approximately 20% by delaying one week for harvesting alfalfa from 35th to 42nd day interval, based on dry matter yields of 2013 and 2014. As cutting interval increased from every 28th to 49th day, crude protein (CP) content decreased. In contrast to CP, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber increased as the cutting interval and stage of maturity increased in 2013 and 2014. The results suggest that alfalfa producers in Southwest Kansas possibly could reduce the cutting frequency from 5 to 4 per year. Cutting interval of every 42nd day between harvests appears to be the optimum when considered a dry matter yield and nutritive values in alfalfa.

The Yield and Water Use Efficiency to First Cutting Date of Siberian Wildrye in North China

A field experiment study was conducted in Bashang Plateau in North China in 2008 to determine the effect of three first cutting dates on the growth and water use efficiency （WUE） of Siberian wildrye （Elymus sibiricus L.） in the agropastoral ecotone of North China （APENC）. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three replications with water supply regime as the main plot treatment and first cutting date as the subplot treatment. Two water supply regimes were used, which included rain-fed treatment as control （CK） and a single irrigation and straw mulch treatment （W）. Three first cutting date treatments were conducted at early heading stage on July 1 （E）, at late heading stage on July 12 （L）, and at flowering stage on July 27 （F）, respectively. The results showed that the forage yield and WUE were the lowest at early heading stage harvest, while the highest at flowering stage either in CK or W treatment. Under combined CK and W treatments, average forage yields of the F subplots were 2 900 and 6 703 kg ha-~, and the values of WUE were 0.82 and 2.28 kg m-3, respectively. Under the CK treatment, forage yields of the E and L subplots were 43.8 and 41.9% lower than the F subplots, and their values of WUE were 46.2 and 50.3% lower than F, respectively. Under the W treatment, the forage yields of the E and L subplots were 74.9 and 61.6% lower, and their values of WUE were 78.1 and 63.3% lower, respectively, as compared with F subplots. Therefore, earlier first cutting did not increase the regrowth of Siberian wildrye and improve the mismatch between rainy season and the period of high growth potential of the grass in the semiarid APENC.

Carcass Traits, Meat Yield and Primal Meat Cuts from Arsi, Harar, Ogaden and F1 Jersey*Horro Crossbred Bulls Fed Corn Silage Based Similar Finishing Diet

This study was conducted with the objective to determine carcass traits, meat yield, and primal meat cuts of Arsi, Harar, Jersey*Horro crossbred, and Ogaden cattle breeds at Haramaya University, Ethiopia. A total of 12 bulls of four cattle breeds (3 Arsi, 3 Harar, 3 F1 Jersey*Horro crossbred and 3 Ogaden) with almost similar ages were randomly assigned to four treatments in a completely randomised design (CRD). Data on carcass traits, meat yield, and primal meat cuts were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) of the Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) 9.4 version. The overall averages of live body weight, hot carcass weight, chilled carcass weight, dressing percentages based on hot carcass weight, and rib eye area of experimental cattle breeds were 215.58 kg, 102.93 kg, 99.56 kg, 47.61%, and 8.13 inch2, respectively. The hot carcass weight and chilled carcass weight of the Ogaden (136.57;133.30 kg, resp.) breed were higher (p < 0.01) compared to other experimental cattle breeds. Dressing percentages based on hot carcass weight were higher (p < 0.05) for the Ogaden (49.61%) and Arsi (49.82%) cattle breeds compared to Harar and Jersey*Horro crossbred (45.73%, 45.27%, resp.) cattle breeds. The average meat yield and proportion of meat yield of cattle breeds were 77.52 kg and 77.46%, respectively. With a linear regression coefficient of prediction (R2) ranging from 52.26% to 93.58%, primal meat cuts significantly (p dicted meat yield. In conclusion, the breed of cattle had a significant (p 0.05) influence on live body weight, hot and chilled carcass weight, dressing percentage, rib eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness, meat yield, and the weights of most primal meat cuts. The Ogaden cattle breed had a higher and better meat yield, carcass traits, and most primal meat cuts compared to other experimental cattle breeds. Furthermore, the inclusion of corn silage in the diet of fattening bulls improved the carcass and meat yield. Therefore, the performance of Ogaden cattle compared to other and previous studies suggests the possibility of using this breed for export purposes in addition to Borana and Harar cattle breeds in the future.

大麦茎、叶、穗对饲草产量及品质的影响

为探明大麦不同组织(茎、叶和穗)在不同刈割期对饲草产量及品质的影响,以安徽省两个主栽饲用大麦品种为材料,比较了两年度两个品种茎、叶和穗分别在齐穗期及其后14 d和28 d饲草产量及品质的差异。结果显示,不同组织、刈割期及组织×刈割期互作效应对饲草产量及品质均有显著影响(P<0.05),年度效应主要影响产量,其他互作效应因品种和性状不同而异。饲草产量随刈割期后移增加,对其贡献表现为茎﹥穗﹥叶,第2年度高于第1年度。饲草品质性状在组织间和刈割期间存在显著差异,而在年度间仅在单个品种若干性状上存在差异;粗蛋白含量表现为穗﹥叶﹥茎,且随刈割期后移下降;粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素含量均为茎﹥叶﹥穗,且随刈割期后移前3个性状先降后升,酸性洗涤木质素含量持续上升;粗脂肪含量为叶﹥穗﹥茎,且随刈割期后移上升。综上,在株高相当时,增加穗部比例可提高大麦饲草产量和品质;刈割期后移可提升饲草产量但降低品质。基于本研究,选育大穗、多叶型品种,适期刈割,有望同步提升大麦饲草产量和品质。

Harvest Time and Fertility Effects on Yield and Quality of Forage from Alfalfa, Hybrid Bromegrass and Their Mixture

A field experiment with 24 treatments consisting of three perennial forage crops [alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. AC Longview), hybrid bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm & Bromus inermis Leyss. cv. AC Success) and their mixture], four Cut 1 dates (approximately June 20, July 10, July 30 or August 20), and two fertilizer levels (unfertilized and fertilized) was established in late May 2014, on a Black Chernozem [Udic Boroll] silty clay soil. Forage dry matter yield [DMY], and concentration (g·kg−1 DM) of crude protein [CP], total digestible nutrients [TDN] and acid detergent fiber [ADF] data were collected over 3 years from 2015 to 2017. The fertilizer treatments were imposed in 2016 and 2017. Forage crops were initially cut at four Cut 1 dates, and again cut [Cut 2] in autumn (September 2 in 2015, November 7 in 2016 and October 5 in 2017). For all three forage crops, forage DMY usually increased when Cut 1 was delayed. Delaying Cut 1 reduced forage DMY for Cut 2. Total DMY (Cut 1 + Cut 2) for all three forage crops was highest from the combination of July 10 and late Autumn cuts. Alfalfa-bromegrass mixture produced higher DMY than bromegrass or alfalfa alone. Fertilizer application resulted in a significant increase in Cut 1 and total DMY for bromegrass. The CP concentration in Cut 1 forage usually declined as the forage crops matured. The CP concentration was highest for alfalfa, followed by alfalfa-bromegrass mixture, and much lower for bromegrass. There was little or no effect of forage crop maturity on the TDN and ADF concentrations in forage. The TDN concentration was higher and ADF concentration was lower in forage from alfalfa or alfalfa-bromegrass mixture than bromegrass. Fertilizer application significantly increased CP concentration for alfalfa-bromegrass mixture. Delaying harvesting for Cut 1 increased ADF yield and TDN yield until Late July, but CP yield generally decreased with crop maturity. The ADF yield and TDN yield were higher for alfalfa-bromegrass mixture than bromegrass or alfalfa alone, and CP yield was similar for alfalfa and alfalfa-bromegrass mixture but considerably higher than bromegrass. Fertilizer application increased CP yield and ADF yield for bromegrass and alfalfa-bromegrass mixture, and TDN yield only for bromegrass. In conclusion, total DMY (Cut 1 + Cut 2) was highest for a combination of Early July and Autumn cuts. Forage yield was highest for alfalfa-bromegrass mixture, followed by alfalfa and lowest for bromegrass. The CP and TDN concentrations were higher, and ADF concentrations were lower in forage from alfalfa or alfalfa-bromegrass mixture than bromegrass.

穗材差异对刺龙牙水培产量的影响

刺龙牙嫩芽味美香甜、清嫩醇厚、野味浓郁,被誉为“山野菜之王”。然而其野生产量远不能满足市场需求,因此,研发一种方便快捷、易于推广且操作性强的刺龙牙栽培技术显得尤为迫切。以辽东山区2种刺龙牙穗材为试材,探讨穗材品种、茎杆长度及梢径对刺龙牙水培生产过程及产量的影响,旨在寻找适合水培生产的刺龙牙穗材指标,提升水培生产效率。结果表明:品种2较品种1开始采摘提前约1.8 d;茎杆长度越长,发芽时间越早,且发芽时间相对集中,从而更早开始采摘,采摘时间更长,采摘次数更多;同样,茎杆越细,发芽时间也越早,且结束发芽时间更早,发芽时间更为集中。此外,刺龙牙穗材水培嫩芽的单根产量达到(18.9±6.2)g,且品种2的水培嫩芽产量高于品种1。当茎杆长度控制在30~60 cm、梢径在10~16 mm范围内时,茎杆长度和梢径均与水培嫩芽产量呈现正相关。

Basic characteristics and development of yield criteria for geomaterials

The yield criteria of geomaterials play a crucial role in studying and designing the strength of materials and structures.The basic characteristics of yield criteria for geomaterials need to be studied under the framework of continuum mechanics.These characteristics include the effects of strength difference（SD） of materials in tension and compression,normal stress,intermediate principal stress,intermediate principal shear stress,hydrostatic stress,twin-shear stresses,and the convexity of yield surface.Most of the proposed yield criteria possess only one or some of these basic characteristics.For example,the Tresca yield criterion considers only single-shear stress effect,and ignores the effect of SD,normal stress,intermediate principal stress,intermediate principal shear stress,hydrostatic stress,and twin-shear stresses.The Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion accounts for the effect of SD,normal stress,single-shear stress and hydrostatic stress,but disregards the effect of intermediate principal stress,intermediate principal shear stress,and twin-shear stresses.The basic characteristics remain to be fully addressed in the development of yield criterion.In this paper,we propose a new yield criterion with three features,that is,newly developed,better than existing criteria and ready for application.It is shown that the proposed criterion performs better than the existing ones and is ready for application.The development of mechanical models for various yield criteria and the applications of the unified strength theory to engineering are also summarized.According to a new tetragonal mechanical model,a tension-cut condition is added to the unified strength theory.The unified strength theory is extended to the tension-tension region.

不同剪梢程度对农桑14号春季经济性状及产叶量构成的影响

[目的]分析不同剪梢程度对农桑14号春季经济性状和桑叶产量及其构成的影响,为农桑14号的春季剪梢提供技术参考。[方法]对桑树枝条进行1/4、1/3、1/2剪梢处理,调查不同处理的发育历期、止芯芽性状、生长芽性状、枝条长度及桑叶产量表现。[结果]在发育时间上,剪梢1/4、1/3与剪梢1/2的处理从膨芽期到雀口期,发育历期呈增大趋势;在开叶阶段,发育历期呈缩短趋势;到桑叶成熟期,发育历期呈增大趋势。在桑叶产量及其构成上,剪梢1/4处理平均产量2.413 kg/株,其中生长芽叶重2.068 kg/株,占85.70%,止芯芽叶重0.345 kg/株,占14.30%;剪梢1/3处理平均产量3.042 kg/株,其中生长芽叶重2.612 kg/株,占85.86%,止芯芽叶重0.345 kg/株,占11.34%;剪梢1/2处理平均产量2.172 kg/株,其中生长芽叶重1.875 kg/株,占86.33%,止芯芽叶重0.297 kg/株,占13.67%。[结论]采用1/4或1/3剪梢处理,大蚕用叶可提前到4月28日,且桑叶产量高于1/2剪梢处理,对全年多批次养蚕的时间调控和桑叶保障更加有利。

刈割对糜子生长及产量的影响

为了探明刈割对糜子生长及产量的影响,本文开展了苗期和拔节期刈割试验。结果表明,不同时期和位置刈割,糜子的根干重、秆干重、穗干重、株高、茎粗、主茎节数、叶长、叶宽、主穗长、单株分枝数、单株有效穗数和单株分蘖数均出现不同程度的变化。其中,植株6叶1心时余下基2叶刈割,糜子生长至成熟期获得的生物量最大,为本次试验中的最佳刈割时期和位置。表明在恰当的时期和位置进行刈割处理可以刺激植物体的冗余和补偿效应,达到增加糜子地上部分生物量的效果。

莜麦留茬刈割再生表现及可应用价值研究

莜麦秸秆作为牲畜优良的饲草,在植株完全抽穗后留茬刈割,获得青饲供牲畜食用,同时,基部分生组织出现二次分蘖并再生成苗,形成新的植株,后期通过生长发育能否正常成熟,获得有效成熟籽粒,从而提高莜麦的二次利用价值。根据不同刈割期、不同密度,按照随机区组设计,处理在完全抽穗初期及灌浆期留茬刈割,通过观察研究不同刈割期后期二茬苗生长发育及成熟情况,调查生物量与产量,进行统计分析和效益比较。莜麦刈割后获得较多的青饲,在一定程度上缓解了农民在夏季养殖中缺乏饲草的问题,完全抽穗初期刈割后再生苗成株迅速,生长发育较快,能够获得健全的籽粒,但小穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重及籽粒产量明显低于对照;灌浆期刈割后虽然生长成正常植株,但由于后期气温逐渐降低直至出现霜冻,未能成熟。莜麦留茬刈割后生物量和产值较高,在农牧交错带具有推广价值,在此基础上提出的“一播收两茬”概念,有望成为莜麦栽培新模式或产粮产草创收增值新思路。

环割时间和弧度对盛果期油茶树体营养分配及结实的影响

【目的】为探明环割时间和弧度对盛果期油茶养分分配及结实的影响,阐明树体养分与果实生长之间的关系。【方法】于11月份盛花期和次年3月份春梢萌发前对7年生油茶分别进行180°、360°环割处理,环割口愈合前(5月份)、愈合后(7月份、8月份、10月份)分别调查测定各器官氮磷钾养分、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可溶性淀粉含量及单株果实数量、单果质量、产量,并进行分析。【结果】(1)不同条件下环割均提高了环割伤口愈合前根系无机养分以及果实膨大期叶片磷、钾、有机营养含量;同时降低了叶片氮及果实成熟期叶片可溶性糖、可溶性淀粉含量。(2)环割弧度相比环割时间,对油茶叶、根营养物质含量的影响更为显著。(3)春梢萌发前360°环割减少了油茶初期落果,提高了坐果率,增加了单株挂果数和单株鲜果产量,但其果实更小更轻。(4)油茶落果与叶、根营养间相关性不显著,但果实产量与部分叶、根营养间存在有明显的协同与拮抗关系。(5)适宜的环割处理通过增加油茶根系全钾、叶片全磷、叶片可溶性糖含量并降低根系可溶性淀粉含量显著提高坐果率及单株产量。【结论】油茶春梢萌发前360°环割有利于叶片对果实膨大期可溶性糖、果实快速生长期可溶性蛋白以及根系氮、磷、钾养分的积累,可促进挂果,减少落果,对油茶的促产效果最好。

采穗批次和冷藏对福白菊种苗质量与产量的影响

自越冬后,连续采穗扦插福白菊的母株,探究了其扦插的最大繁育系数,并比较了不同批次插穗、生根苗的质量,定植后于盛花期观测其株高、冠幅和产量等指标,以评估不同批次插穗、生根苗、产量的差异,旨在为福白菊的种苗繁育和高产栽培提供依据。结果表明:春季在福白菊越冬母株上可采10茬扦插穗条,结合冷藏,在适宜的定植期内可产生5批插穗和5批生根苗。春季,1株福白菊采穗株最多可繁育40余株扦插苗,后期所采穗条有变细、变弱的趋势,扦插后的生根数下降,但总根长与平均根长呈增加的趋势;冷藏30 d以内未发现对生根苗和插穗的保存质量存在不利的影响,当冷藏超过30 d时损耗率则会增加。此外,冷藏20~30 d对生根苗的生长、鲜花产量具有一定的提升作用,扦插生根后冷藏比插穗冷藏后扦插的种苗产花量更高;就种苗的来源而言,自越冬后,从母株上所采集的第1至第4茬穗条扦插生根苗的产花量高于其他插穗;就定植时间而言,5月中下旬定植仍不低于前期定植的种苗产量;自5月下旬开始,随着定植期的延后,第5至第7批的株高、冠幅和单株产量呈现下降趋势,与定植期晚于5月之后的种苗相比,二代插穗生根苗的产花量均优于在相近定植期的一代插穗生根苗的产花量。

多品种小批量条件下定制异型厨柜开料方式探究

定制异型厨柜由于设计上的灵活性和多样性导致零件种类繁多,为提升加工异型零件时板材的出材率和生产效率,需要对开料方式进行合理的选择。通过对某公司产品信息的调研,选取包含多种普通厨柜和异型厨柜的订单,将其分为3个订单组,并结合不同开料设备,对订单组内产品分别按订单式开料和成组式开料进行效益分析。结果表明除开部分高度定制化的产品外,成组式开料在保证绝大多数板材出材率均有所提升的基础上,3个订单组可分别减少6张约7.0%、3张约9.4%和5张约9.8%的板材需求,分别可节省材料费494元、249元和371元。定制异型厨柜选择成组开料方式不仅能够提升板材出材率和降低成本,还有助于降低资源消耗,实现可持续发展。

安康市“中油杂19”采薹后菜籽产量及含油量测试试验初报

“中油杂19”未采薹处理菜籽产量高于采薹处理,但差异不显著;未采薹处理菜籽含油量显著高于采薹处理菜籽含油量;未采薹处理菜籽中的油酸、亚油酸、亚麻油酸及棕榈酸含量平均值均高于采薹处理菜籽含量,但差异均不显著。在该试验中,“中油杂19”在直播栽培技术模式下,二月初按照采薹标准,采摘105.083 kg菜薹,667 m^(2)产油量下降1.659 kg,降低产值1.64%,对“中油杂19”产油量产值影响很小,但增加了菜薹产值1050.83元。因此,按照技术要求,大力开展以“中油杂19”为主的“油蔬两用”生产技术推广,对油菜籽的产油量产值影响很小,在二月初通过采摘油菜薹销售,不但可以提高油菜的种植经济效益,促进农民增收,而且还满足了春节期间广大消费者对蔬菜产品的消费需求。

矮壮素对草莓穴盘扦插苗及定植后的影响

为明确矮壮素对草莓穴盘扦插苗及定植后的影响,为矮壮素科学利用提供依据。分别用100、200、300、400、500、600 mg/L矮壮素并以清水作对照(CK),喷施草莓苗叶片,测定不同处理草莓苗植株性状及定植后物候期、果实品质(单果重、硬度、可溶性固形物含量)和产量(前期、中期、后期)。随着矮壮素浓度的增加,草莓花芽分化率逐渐降低,草莓苗株高不断下降,根茎粗、地上部鲜重、地下部鲜重呈先升高后降低的趋势,根冠比极显著高于CK。定植后,随着矮壮素浓度的增加,草莓物候期不断推迟,果实品质及产量呈先升高后降低的趋势。结果表明,苗期喷施适当浓度的矮壮素,可促进草莓苗植株的生长,推迟定植后草莓的物候期,改善品质并提高产量。综合分析认为200 mg/L矮壮素处理效果最好。

不同刈割时间对机播苜蓿产量、营养成分及饲用价值的影响

文章旨在研究不同刈割时间对机播苜蓿产量、营养成分及饲用价值的影响。全年从初花期开始,间隔相同时间共刈割4次(第1~4茬),每次选取5个重复小区测量鲜干重,计算机播苜蓿产量,并烘干采集小样后测量营养成分和饲用价值。结果表明:(1)与第1茬相比,第3、4茬机播苜蓿的株高降低了7.48%、8.01%(P<0.05);第2、3、4茬机播苜蓿的鲜重降低了24.57%、45.15%、51.42%(P<0.05);第2、3、4茬机播苜蓿的干重降低了26.33%、44.09%、51.16%(P<0.05)。(2)与第2茬相比,第3、4茬机播苜蓿的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维含量显著升高(P<0.05)。(3)与第2茬相比,第3、4茬机播苜蓿的DMI、RFV显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:随着刈割时间的推移,机播苜蓿的产量逐渐减少,而营养成分和饲用价值先上升后下降,其中第1茬机播苜蓿的产量最高,第2茬机播苜蓿的饲用价值最高。

辽西地区‘朝阳’沙棘扦插育苗及建园关键技术

‘朝阳’沙棘具有适应性强、生长强壮、高产稳产等特性,适宜在辽西北地区栽培推广。2020年国有阜新蒙古族自治县建设林场建立高标准示范林6.3 hm^(2),2023年硬枝、嫩枝扦插育苗分别为6.7万株、3.5万株,成活率分别为87.8%、92.5%,优质苗率90%以上,每公顷鲜果产量3124.5 kg,经济效益显著。为进一步促进‘朝阳’沙棘在辽西地区的推广栽培,本文结合当地生产实践,对‘朝阳’沙棘扦插育苗及建园关键技术进行总结,旨在提升标准化生产管理水平。

剪花与摘花对杧果二次成花及产量、品质的影响

为减少恶劣天气对杧果开花着果的不利影响,探索了剪花、摘花及两者组合调节杧果花期技术,研究其对杧果二次开花、产量和品质的影响。试验设置了3个处理,即剪花处理(T1)、摘花处理(T2)和剪花与摘花组合处理(T3),以保留原花序作为对照(CK)。结果表明,与对照相比,3个处理均能形成二次花序,延迟花期,提高产量。其中T3处理形成3批花序,枝条二次成花率最高,达59.99%~65.85%,3年平均二次成花率62.87%,极显著高于其他处理;平均株产达46.21~48.44 kg,3年平均产量47.53 kg,显著高于其他处理;各处理的果实品质无显著差异。因此,剪花与摘花组合能更有效地应对杧果花期恶劣天气,形成稳定的产量和品质,可作为生产应用参考。