An ideal point method adopting grey relational entropy to estimate life cycle cost with effectiveness of torpedo

To making the decision of the developing blue prints,ideal point method was selected to estimate the life cycle cost with effectiveness of torpedo.At the same time,the concept of grey relational entropy of the grey system theory was adopted to compute the distance between each blue print and the ideal point(or negative ideal point).The blue print,nearest to the ideal point and farthest to the negative ideal point,is the best one.As an example,four blue prints of torpedo were estimated.The result indicates the practical value of this method.

Study of Relation between Torrential Rain Days in Fuxin and Sunspot Cycle

The quasi 11-year cycle of sunspot activities and torrential rain days in Fuxin during 1951-2005 were studied.As was shown in the results,the relative number of sunspots and the torrential rain days in the sunspot cycle of trough value were significantly related with a correlation coefficient of 0.842.At the same time,the correlation coefficient between torrential rain days in Fuxin and the relative number of sunspots of certain year within the sunspot cycle of trough value reached 0.737.It was clear that the torrential rain days in Fuxin were closely related with solar activity.The conclusion would provide the favorable climate background and basis for the study of regularity of rainstorm outbreak,monitoring and forecasting of torrential rain and regularity of agricultural drought and flood.

冻融环境下玄武岩纤维增强泡沫混凝土的单轴压缩特性

为了研究密度、纤维掺量及冻融循环对玄武岩纤维增强泡沫混凝土单轴压缩特性的影响,借助X-CT技术以及Avizo软件对试件的孔隙构造进行了研究,对不同冻融环境下的多种密度等级(800和1000kg/m3)及纤维体积掺量(0%、0.15%、0.30%、0.45%)的玄武岩纤维增强泡沫混凝土进行了单轴压缩试验,分析了不同影响因素下玄武岩纤维增强泡沫混凝土的单轴压缩特性,对各因素与抗压强度的关系进行了灰关联度分析,并使用机器学习算法模型对抗压强度进行预测.结果表明:掺入玄武岩纤维能有效提高泡沫混凝土抵抗冻融的能力,体积掺入0.15%、0.30%、0.45%的试件冻融80次后强度损失率分别为75.2%、46.2%、37.8%.密度等级与抗压强度关联度最大,灰关联度为0.799;其次是纤维掺量,关联系数为0.723;灰狼算法优化下的长短期记忆网络模型对玄武岩纤维增强泡沫混凝土抗压强度的预测性能良好.

Performance of Concrete Subjected to Severe Multiple Actions of Composite Salts Solution under Wet-Dry Cycles and Flexural Loading in Lab

Several action regimes were employed, namely, those exposed to solutions containing single and/or composite chloride and sulfate salts, and under wet-dry cycles and/or flexural loading. The variations in dynamic modulus of elasticity（Erd values） were monitored, as well as the key factor impacting on the chloride ingress when concrete subjected to multiple action regimes was identified by the method of Grey Relation Analysis（GRA）. The changes in micro-structures and mineral products of interior concrete after different action regimes were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction（XRD）, mercury intrusion technique（MIP）, and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The test results showed that the cyclic wet-dry accelerated the deterioration of OPC concrete more than the action of 35% flexural loading based on the results of Erd values and the GEA. The analyses from micro-structures could give certain explanations to the change in Erd values under different action regimes.

Effect of drying-wetting cycles on the durability of calcareous sand reinforced by MICP and recycled shredded coconut coir(RSC)

Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)technique has been adopted in geotechnical engineering widely.In this study,the effect of drying-wetting cycles on MICP-recycled shredded coconut coir(RSC)reinforced calcareous sand was studied,and the deterioration mechanism under drying-wetting cycles was revealed.Test results indicated that drying-wetting cycles exert an important influence on the durability of MICP-RSC reinforced specimens.With the increase of drying-wetting cycles N,the specimens demonstrated significant increase in mass loss rate and critical void ratio,decrease in maximum shear modulus,peak strength and toughness.Furthermore,an increase in the initial relative density reduced the deterioration of MICP-RSC reinforced specimens exposed to drying-wetting cycles.Higher initial relative density of the specimen correlates with an increased maximum shear modulus,peak stress and toughness,a decreased in permeability and critical void ratio.Microanalysis revealed that the generated calcium carbonate adhering to sand particles and RSC gradually dropped off with the increase of N,weakened cementation,and led to the deterioration of MICP-RSC reinforced specimens,which is consistent with the deterioration characteristics under drying-wetting cycles.

Influence of relative compaction and degree of saturation on the deformation characteristics of bentonite under freeze-thaw cycles

Bentonite,consisting of clay minerals of the montmorillonite group,has been widely used as an adsorbent and backfill material in nuclear waste disposal and groundwater remediation.It is challenging to use bentonite as a filling material in cold regions since bentonite is highly sensitive to thermal environmental changes,during which its bulk volume and microstructure change significantly.In this study,a series of one-dimensional and three-dimensional freeze-thaw tests were carried out within a closed system to investigate the influencing factors of the deformation of bentonite under freeze-thaw cycles.Results show that the initial soil water content greatly impacts bentonite's deformation during freeze-thaw cycles.For an initial higher degree of saturation(Sr),the expansion caused by the formation of ice lenses has a greater impact than the shrinkage induced by dehydration,ice-cementation,and so on.Conversely,bentonite tends to shrink at a lower degree of saturation during freezing.And the critical degree of saturation that determines bentonite's behavior of frost heave or frost shrinkage seems to be roughly 0.8.As the number of freeze-thaw cycles rises,initially uncompacted bentonite clay becomes more compacted,and initially compacted bentonite clay remains unchanged.

FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATING INDOOR AIR QUALITY IMPACTS INTO LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTS OF BUILDINGS AND BUILDING REL ATED PRODUCTS

Products used during construction and operation of a building can contribute to Indoor Air Quality(IAQ)problems that affect occupants’well-being.However,IAQ is conventionally not addressed in the life cycle assessments(LCAs)of buildings and building related products even though IAQ leads to one of the areas of protection under LCA-human health impacts.In this study,we proposed an overall framework for integrating IAQ into LCA using the standard steps of LCA.The framework focused on IAQ and LCA modeling from two categories of building related products:i)passive products that realize their function through initial installation and have long-term decayed emissions,and ii)active equipment that realize their function and cause emissions through daily operation.Dynamic and static life cycle inventory modeling approaches were proposed for passive products and active equipment,respectively.An indoor intake fraction equation and USEtox model effect factors were incorporated into the life cycle impact assessment.Three hypothetical examples were presented to illustrate the calculation procedure of the framework.We concluded that it was feasible to integrate IAQ into building related LCA studies.Development of IAQ related impact assessment methodologies can improve upon the limitations of this study.Further studies need to be carried out to compare the health impacts from IAQ related sources to other life cycle stages of building related products.

ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIVE BURDEN INDEX:A STREAMLINED LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR FACILITIES POLLUTION PREVENTION

This paper describes a new semi-quantitative streamlined life cycle assessment(SLCA)method,the Environmental Relative Burden Index(ERBI),for describing and ranking the relative environmental burdens associated with facility operations and maintenance options.The long-range goal is for this ERBI method to serve as a pollution-prevention decision support tool for facilities managers,when faced with competing operations and maintenance alternatives.The specific application pre-sented in this paper evaluates asbestos-containing materials(ACM)and lead-based paint(LBP)management options in public school facilities.The ERBI methodol-ogy is adapted from previous streamlined semi-quantitative LCA methodologies and is described in detail.The ERBI is then employed to evaluate the relative environmental impacts of six management strategies for these hazardous building materials:management in-situ,encapsulation/containment,and full abatement/disposal,for both ACM and LBP.SLCA goal definition,system boundaries,ERBI matrix,and overall ERBI Ratings(RERB)for each material management strategy are presented.The ERBI can be a useful tool in prioritizing building maintenance alternatives,especially in cases where detailed quantitative data are unavailable.

新质生产力的理论与实践价值

新质生产力的提出是人类生产力经济和生产力文明发展进程中的重要里程碑。科学技术进步周期与新质生产力发展之间有着密切关系,科学技术创新对生产力要素结构、生产力组织形态、生产力运行机理和经济发展态势,都会产生深刻影响。新质生产力建立在马克思主义经典“生产力-生产关系”理论架构之上,对当前世界经济和中国经济社会的发展具有重要的理论与实践价值。生产力是建立在每一个时代发展背景之上的,其生产力水平与其当时所处的人类社会发展阶段息息相关。代表每一时代的科技水平的生产力就是当时的新质生产力,从历史时间维度和历史空间维度而言,新质生产力都有着对物质资料生产的自身演化规律。发展新质生产力,能够推进共建“一带一路”倡议,破局国内国际双循环,有效应对当前国际地缘格局,并在提升国民经济高质量发展的同时,促进中国式现代化的历史进程。

区块链赋能企业反腐败合规建设的作用机理与实践路径

企业反腐败合规建设既是驱动企业高质量可持续发展的迫切需求,也是提高国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求。区块链作为信息技术革命的一项创新技术,以其公开透明可追溯、不可变更难篡改、去中心化去信任化和安全隐私可保护等特征优势,有效应对传统企业合规管理的现实困境,驱动企业权力运行数据化、管理数据真实化、流程运行高效化和信息安全隐私化。立足于互联网技术和信息化社会的时代背景,应以区块链为底层技术逻辑推动企业反腐败合规的实践落地:建立反腐败合规动态监督预警机制;构建反腐败合规全周期过程管控体系;构建企业反腐败信息互联互通体系;构建反腐败合规数据安全隐私体系。

职务科技成果权属改革全方位法规体系协调研究

职务科技成果权属改革需要法规体系的协调支持。现行法规体系缺乏顶层设计统筹,一方面提倡赋能,一方面仍存在制约赋权的关键障碍;知识产权法、科技法、资产管理法等规定纷杂交错且多头冲突,对成果依法赋权与权能利用造成不利影响;职务成果混合所有制、非资产化管理等权属赋能改革存在合法性困难。各地方改革探索从1.0版向2.0版深化发展,试图解决供应端、管理端、服务端、应用端的全要素赋能难题。结合试点改革经验,分析当前法规适应现实发展、政策需要的不足;分析科技成果的内涵类型、法律权能、权利取得与资产管理制度,面向科技成果创造到转化运用全周期,探究科技成果客体权属、主体所需权能与其不协调问题,剖析制约创新与转化的因素根由、对策机理、权能匹配方案。指出上游供应端、中游管理服务端、下游应用端的改革重点;提出构建多主体收益兼容的期权激励、处置与收益分管的相容举措,提升重要环节主体能动性;建议夯实职务科技成果的法律权利基础,明确权属改革依据;针对不敢转、无能转、没动力转和创新质量不足、市场条件不对接等现实障碍,提出增强基础研究权益激励、培育高质量创新、引导科技成果弹性定价、优化国有无形资产管理方式、强化权责利益匹配协同等制度对策,探索构建统一的职务科技成果法规,保障职务科技成果权能发挥长周期作用。

PDCA在医学成人高等教育学院实习病历质量管理中的应用

目的探讨基于PDCA循环理论的病历书写管理对成人高等教育学员实习质量的应用效果。方法选取2021年6月—2022年6月南京中医药大学继续教育学院医学类的65名实习学员和708份病历,根据管理时间分为两组,将2021年6—12月的351份病历采用常规病历管理,为常规病历管理组;将2022年1—6月的357份病历采用PDCA循环法管理,为PDCA循环组。对比两组病历常规质控情况(病历书写评分、病历缺陷指数评分)、首页完整率、首页填写准确率及学员对病历质量管理满意度。结果PDCA循环组病历书写评分高于常规病历管理组,病历缺陷指数评分低于常规病历管理组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。PDCA循环组病案首页完整率、首页准确率、学员对病历质量管理满意度高于常规病历管理组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论PDCA循环法的应用不仅规范了实习生的病历质量管理,提升了实习学员对病历管理满意度,且对成人高等教育的改革与发展亦起到较好的推动作用。

不超过7阶的3-关系图的刻画

给定一个图G,如果存在一个边标号树T,使得树T的叶子集等于图G的顶点集,并且树T任何叶子x到叶子y的唯一路径上的边标号之和为3当且仅当xy为图G的边,那么称图G是一个3-关系图.该文讨论了什么样的图是3-关系图,证明了图G是3-关系图的必要条件为图G是二部图,即只要图G包含奇圈,则图G不是3-关系图.更进一步,完全刻画了圈为3-关系图的充要条件,即一个圈是3-关系图当且仅当圈为偶圈,并且给出了偶圈相对应的边标号树.最后讨论了比较小的图为3-关系图的条件,即证明了阶至多为7的图是3-关系图的充分必要条件为图G是二部图.

分裂相关增强子1、细胞分裂周期蛋白25同源蛋白C在直肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨分裂相关增强子1(Hairy and enhancer of split related protein 1,HESR-1)、细胞分裂周期蛋白25同源蛋白C(Cell division cycle 25C,CDC25C)在直肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法选择166例行根治性手术的直肠癌患者为研究对象,采用免疫组织化学法检测癌组织及癌旁组织中HESR-1和CDC25C的表达,收集患者临床病理参数并进行随访,分析HESR-1和CDC25C表达对直肠癌患者临床病理参数及预后的影响。结果肠癌组织中CDC25C、HESR-1的阳性率均高于癌旁组织(46.9%vs 12.6%,41.6%vs 7.6%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在癌组织中,CDC25C mRNA与HESR-1 mRNA的表达呈正相关(r=0.862,P=0.003)。癌组织CDC25C及HESR-1表达阳性患者的肿瘤直径和淋巴结转移率均高于表达阴性者(P<0.05)。Cox多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、CDC25C阳性及HESR-1阳性是影响直肠癌患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论HESR-1和CDC25C在直肠癌组织中表达升高,且与患者预后密切相关。

砂轮排布策略对轨面修复性打磨后轮轨接触特性的影响

针对以往轨面修复性打磨根据钢轨廓形精度确定打磨策略而忽略打磨后轮轨接触状态的不足,提出以基于钢轨打磨廓形的轮轨接触特性确定打磨砂轮排布策略。基于轨面修复性打磨原理,确定砂轮排布策略与打磨后的钢轨廓形之间的重构关系,建立基于“轨顶向2侧”“内侧向外侧”和“2侧向轨顶”3种典型的砂轮排布策略打磨后得到的钢轨廓形模型,再利用轮轨接触三维有限元仿真模型,开展轮轨接触载荷下轨面受到的高接触应力和低疲劳循环周次分布特征分析。结果表明:轨面修复性打磨策略的改变会显著影响打磨后轮轨接触特性,23 t轴重载荷条件下3种典型的砂轮排布策略打磨重构后的钢轨廓形,轨面受到的轮轨最大接触应力分别为863,1255和904 MPa,受到的最低应变疲劳循环周次分别为1.77×10^(5),9.97×10^(4)和1.64×10^(5)次;轨面最大接触应力剖面受到的最大应力分别为1241,1376和1270 MPa,最低应变疲劳循环周次分别为9.96×10^(4),8.60×10^(4)和9.80×10^(4)次;采用“轨顶向2侧”砂轮排布策略打磨钢轨后的轮轨接触状态优于另外2种策略。

肾癌组织中CREPT的表达情况及对预后的影响

目的探究肾癌组织中肿瘤高表达细胞周期相关蛋白(CREPT)的表达及对患者预后的影响。方法选取68例肾癌患者为研究对象,术中取其癌组织与癌旁正常组织,用免疫组织化学法检测两种细胞组织内CREPT表达的差异,并收集患者的年龄、性别等资料,分析CREPT表达与肾癌患者临床病理特征的关系。另随访3年,分析CREPT表达与肾癌患者预后的关系。结果癌组织中CREPT高表达率高于癌旁正常组织,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。CREPT表达与肾癌患者的TNM分期、Fuhrman分级联系紧密,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。CREPT高表达肾癌患者的3年生存率低于CREPT低表达患者,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论肾癌癌组织内的CREPT呈现为高表达状态,其表达与肾癌患者的TNM分期、Fuhrman分级联系紧密,而CREPT表达水平越高,患者3年生存率越低,预后越差,临床需予以高度重视。

理想气体有限时间热力学实验平台的搭建与有限时间热力学的前沿研究

与热机有关的热力学循环研究促使了热力学基础理论的建立.目前在应用需求的驱动下,热力学研究从平衡态走向非平衡态,热力学循环理论也从准静态过程走向了有限时间过程,形成了有限时间热力学这一前沿科学领域.但是,在大学阶段的物理教学中热力学领域的实验(特别是热循环及其效率的实验测量)较少.本文详细介绍了基于理想气体的有限时间热力学实验平台,以及如何利用该平台对理想气体的热力学循环进行精确测量.通过该平台可以定量测量热力学循环的功率和效率,检验有限时间热力学的重要理论预言,如不可逆熵产生对时间的反比标度、有限时间卡诺循环的功率与效率的约束,以及最大功率效率与卡诺效率之间的函数关系.该有限时间热力学实验平台可以推广到大学物理实验教学,促进热力学实验教学的升级.

青枯病导病型和抑病型植烟土壤氮循环微生物群落差异分析

【目的】探明导病型和抑病型植烟土壤氮循环微生物群落演替规律,为研究连作障碍发生的微生物机制奠定基础。【方法】通过“限微模拟宇宙系统”,采用稳定同位素核酸探针(DNA-SIP)技术标记氮来源,利用宏基因组高通量测序技术开展导病抑病植烟根际土壤氮循环微生物特征分析,并建立特征微生物与烟叶品质、产质量、青枯病发病状况等表观数据的相关性。【结果】导病抑病土壤中参与氮素循环的微生物种类具有差异,导病与抑病土壤中受根系分泌物调控的特有微生物分别为受土壤本身影响微生物数量的63.9%和1.29倍;在根系分泌物介导下,导病土壤中与氮循环相关的物种群落主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),主要上调与细胞运动和转运有关的基因;抑病土壤中主要为放线菌门(Actinobacteria),主要上调与物质转运与代谢有关的基因。导病与抑病土氮循环微生物具有显著差异的物种为硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和木纹杆菌门(Lgnavibacteriae);抑病土壤中与质量指标间存在极显著相关关系的微生物属比导病土壤少21.7%,但抑病土壤微生物与烟叶品质关键指标茄酮间关联性是交叉互作的,显著相关比例较导病土提升19.3百分点。【结论】根系分泌物主要影响导病土壤与氮素循环相关的微生物,土壤本身的性状主要影响抑病土壤氮素循环相关微生物,即导病土壤微生物易受作物的影响发生病害;抑病土壤通过调控土壤微生物对烟叶质量的影响,保持烟叶质量的稳定状态。

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通过对 2 0 0 1年天津市下市区及市郊道路车辆实际行驶的综合典型工况研究 ,描述了一种解析方法 ;用解析出的结果与世界上通用的行驶工况进行了相关性比较 .结果表明 :该种解析方法科学合理 ,结果可信度高 。

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根据全过程的沉降量与时间关系的特点 ,建立了泊松曲线预测模型 ,并且从机理上作了详细的分析 ,然后将该模型应用于某些具体的工程 ,证实了该方法的合理性 。