Icariin upregulates phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein levels in the hippocampus of the senescence-accelerated mouse

At 8 weeks after intragastric administration of icariin to senescence-accelerated mice （P8 strain）, Morris water maze results showed that escape latency was shortened, and the number of platform crossings was increased. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot assay detected significantly increased levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein These results suggest that icariin upregulates phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein levels and improves learning and memory functions in hippocampus of the senescence-accelerated mouse.

Sevoflurane effects on cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein,phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein,and Livin expression in the cortex and hippocampus of a vascular cognitive impairment rat

BACKGROUND： Neuronal necrosis and apoptosis play important roles in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and resulting cognitive impairment. However, inhibition of neuronal necrosis and apoptosis has been shown to attenuate cognitive impairment following cerebral ischemia. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of sevoflurane on cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein （CREB）, phosphorylated CREB （pCREB）, and Livin expression in the cortex and hippocampus of a rat model of vascular cognitive impairment.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled experiment was performed in the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology between June 2007 and July 2008.MATERIALS： Sevoflurane was provided by Abbott Laboratory, UK; Morris water maze was provided by Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; goat anti-rat CREB, goat anti-rat pCREB and goat anti-rat Livin antibodies were provided by Biosource International, USA. METHODS： A total of 42 female, Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups： sham operation, vascular cognitive impairment, and sevoflurane treatment. The vascular cognitive impairment rat model was established by permanent bilateral occlusion of both common carotid arteries, and 1.0 MAC sevoflurane was immediately administered by inhalation for 2 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： CREB, pCREB, and Livin expression was measured in the cortex and hippocampus by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Behavior was evaluated with Morris water maze. RESULTS： CREB, pCREB, and Livin expression in the sevoflurane treatment group was significantly greater than the vascular cognitive impairment group （P 〈 0.01）. However, expression of CREB and pCREB was significantly less in the sevoflurane treatment and vascular cognitive impairment groups, compared with the sham operation group （P 〈 0.01）. Livin expression in the sevoflurane treatment and vascular cognitive impairment groups was significantly greater than the sham operation group （P 〈 0.01）. Learning, memory, and behavior disorders were observed in the vascular cognitive impairment group. Sevoflurane treatment significantly improved these observed disorders. CONCLUSION： Sevoflurane improved cognitive impairment due to permanent bilateral occlusion of both common carotid arteries. Improved function was associated with increased CREB, pCREB, and Livin expression in the cortex and hippocampus.

Effects of plant extract neferine on cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels in rabbit corpus cavernosum in vitro

Aim： To further investigate the relaxation mechanism of neferine （NED, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted （isolated） from the green seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn in China, on rabbit corpus cavernosum tissue in vitro. Methods： The effects of Nef on the concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） and cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） in isolated and incubated rabbit corpus cavernosum tissue were recorded using ^125I radioimmunoassay. Results： The basal concentration of cAMP in corpus cavernosum tissue was 5.67 ± 0.97 pmol/mg. Nef increased the cAMP concentration in a dose-dependent manner （P 〈 0.05）, but this effect was not inhibited by an adenylate cyclase inhibitor （cis-N-[2-phenylcyclopentyl]azacyclotridec-1-en-2-amine, MDL-12, 330A） （P 〉 0.05）. The accumulation of cAMP induced by prostaglandin Et （PGEt, a stimulator of cAMP production） was also augmented by Nef in a dose-dependent manner （P 〈 0.05）. The basal concentration of cGMP in corpus cavernosum tissue is 0.44 ± 0.09 pmol/mg. Nef did not affect this concentration of cGMP, either in the presence or in the absence of a guanyl cyclase inhibitor （1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, ODQ） （P 〉 0.05）. Also, sodium nitroprusside （SNP, a stimulator of cGMP production）-induced cGMP production was not enhanced by Nef （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： Nef, with its relaxation mechanism, can enhance the concentration of cAMP in rabbit corpus cavernosum tissue, probably by inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity. （Asian JAndro12008 Mar; 10： 307-312）

Low-power laser irradiation promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells via cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Retaining or improving periodontal ligament （PDL） function is crucial for restoring periodontal defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects of low-power laser irradiation （LPLI） on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human PDL （hPDL） cells. Cultured hPDL cel Is were irradiated （660 nm） daily with doses of O, 1, 2 or 4 J .cm-2. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay, and the effect of LPLI on osteogenic differentiation was assessed by Alizarin Red S staining and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity. Additionally, osteogenic marker gene expression was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Our data showed that LPLI at a dose of 2 J.cm-2 significantly promoted hPDL cell proliferation at days 3 and 5. In addition, LPLI at energy doses of 2 and 4 J.cm-2 showed potential osteogenic capacity, as it stimulated ALP activity, calcium deposition, and osteogenic gene expression. We also showed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） is a critical regulator of the LPLI-mediated effects on hPDL cells. This study shows that LPLI can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDL cells. These results suggest the potential use of LPLI in clinical applications for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Efficient production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate from adenosine triphosphate by the N-terminal half of adenylate cyclase from Escherichia coli

In this study,we aimed at developing an efficient biocatalytic process for bio-production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(c AMP)from adenosine triphosphate(ATP).First,adenylate cyclase from Escherichia coli MG1655(EAC)and Bordetella Pertussis(BAC)were expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3)and comparatively analyzed for their activities.As a result,EAC from E.coli MG1655 exhibited a higher activity.However,amount of EAC were obtained in an insoluble form.Therefore,we expressed the first 446 amino acids of EAC(EAC446)to avoid the inclusion body.The effects of induction temperature,incubation time,and incubation p H were further evaluated to improve the expression of EAC446.Subsequently,the reaction process for the production of c AMP with ATP as a starting material was investigated.As none of c AMP was detected in the whole-cell based biocatalytic process,the reaction catalyzed by the crude enzyme was determined for c AMP production.What's more,the reaction temperature,reaction p H,metal ion additives and substrate concentration was optimized,and the maximum c AMP production of 18.45 g·L^-1was achieved with a yield of 95.4%after bioconversion of 6 h.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate signal pathway is involved in regulation of triacylglycerol biosynthesis following nitrogen deprivation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The unicellular green alga,Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model organism for studying various biological processes,such as photosynthesis,flagellar motility,and lipid metabolism.To find some novel genes regulating the lipid metabolism under various stress conditions,the paromomycin resistance gene aphVIII was transferred into the genome of C.reinhardtii to establish a mutant library.Two genes mutated in two of the TAG-reduced mutants(Cre06.g278111 in M2 mutant,Cre06.g278110 in M6 mutants)were neighboring in the genome,and their expression levels were down-regulated in their corresponding mutants in parallel with their reduced TAG levels following N deprivation.The proteins encoded by these two genes(KCN11 by Cre06.g278111,ACYC3 by Cre06.g278110)contained a conversed cyclic mononucleotide phosphate(cNMP)binding protein and an adenylate domain,respectively.Since cNMP binding protein and adenylate domain have been known as important components of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)signaling pathway,suggesting that these two genes might af fect cellular TAG biosynthesis through cAMP signal pathway.

Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion by dimethyl sulfoxide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in human monocytes

BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),including MMP-9,are an integral part of the immune response and are upregulated in response to a variety of stimuli.New details continue to emerge concerning the mechanistic and regulatory pathways that mediate MMP-9 secretion.There is significant evidence for regulation of inflammation by dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)and 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),thus investigation of how these two molecules may regulate both MMP-9 and tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα)secretion by human monocytes was of high interest.The hypothesis tested in this study was that DMSO and cAMP regulate MMP-9 and TNFαsecretion by distinct mechanisms.AIM To investigate the regulation of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated MMP-9 and tumor necrosis factorαsecretion in THP-1 human monocytes by dimethyl sulfoxide and cAMP.METHODS The paper describes a basic research study using THP-1 human monocyte cells.All experiments were conducted at the University of Missouri-St.Louis in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.Human monocyte cells were grown,cultured,and prepared for experiments in the University of Missouri-St.Louis Cell Culture Facility as per accepted guidelines.Cells were treated with LPS for selected exposure times and the conditioned medium was collected for analysis of MMP-9 and TNFαproduction.Inhibitors including DMSO,cAMP regulators,and anti-TNFαantibody were added to the cells prior to LPS treatment.MMP-9 secretion was analyzed by gel electrophoresis/western blot and quantitated by ImageJ software.TNFαsecretion was analyzed by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay.All data is presented as the average and standard error for at least 3 trials.Statistical analysis was done using a two-tailed paired Student t-test.P values less than 0.05 were considered significant and designated as such in the Figures.LPS and cAMP regulators were from Sigma-Aldrich,MMP-9 standard and antibody and TNFαantibodies were from R&D Systems,and amyloid-βpeptide was from rPeptide.RESULTS In our investigation of MMP-9 secretion from THP-1 human monocytes,we made the following findings.Inclusion of DMSO in the cell treatment inhibited LPSinduced MMP-9,but not TNFα,secretion.Inclusion of DMSO in the cell treatment at different concentrations inhibited LPS-induced MMP-9 secretion in a dosedependent fashion.A cell-permeable cAMP analog,dibutyryl cAMP,inhibited both LPS-induced MMP-9 and TNFαsecretion.Pretreatment of the cells with the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin inhibited LPS-induced MMP-9 and TNFαsecretion.Pretreatment of the cells with the general cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX reduced LPS-induced MMP-9 and TNFαin a dose-dependent fashion.Pre-treatment of monocytes with an anti-TNFαantibody blocked LPSinduced MMP-9 and TNFαsecretion.Amyloid-βpeptide induced MMP-9 secretion,which occurred much later than TNFαsecretion.The latter two findings strongly suggested an upstream role for TNFαin mediating LPS-stimulate MMP-9 secretion.CONCLUSION The cumulative data indicated that MMP-9 secretion was a distinct process from TNFαsecretion and occurred downstream.First,DMSO inhibited MMP-9,but not TNFα,suggesting that the MMP-9 secretion process was selectively altered.Second,cAMP inhibited both MMP-9 and TNFαwith a similar potency,but at different monocyte cell exposure time points.The pattern of cAMP inhibition for these two molecules suggested that MMP-9 secretion lies downstream of TNFαand that TNFαmay a key component of the pathway leading to MMP-9 secretion.This temporal relationship fit a model whereby early TNFαsecretion directly led to later MMP-9 secretion.Lastly,antibody-blocking of TNFαdiminished MMP-9 secretion,suggesting a direct link between TNFαsecretion and MMP-9 secretion.

Adenosine cyclic phosphate with ultrasonic-assisted pectinase extraction alleviated allergic reactions in RBL-2H3 through inhibiting the influx of intracellular Ca^(2+)

Jujube contains abundant cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and the ultrasonic-assisted pectinase extraction(UAPE)conditions for obtaining the maximum cAMP yield from jujube were optimized.Orthogonal array design was applied to evaluate the effects of 4 variables by UAPE on cAMP yield.The results showed that the optimal cAMP yield(783.0μg/g)was derived at ratio of liquid to solid 5 mL/g,ratio of pectinase to raw material 1.5%,time 60 min and temperature 40℃.Moreover,the effect of cAMP on the anti-allergic function of action induced by immunoglobulin E(IgE)and its meschanism was investigated through establishing the sensitized cell model in rat basophilic leukemia(RBL-2 H3)cells using dinitrophenylated(DNP)-bovine serum albumin(BSA)-IgE.The results showed that cAMP interfered with sensitized cells,effectively inhibited the occurrence of basophil degranulation in dose dependence,and significantly reduced the activity ofβ-hexosamindase(β-hex),at the optimal concentration of 50μg/mL.The level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10)was promoted and the content of pro-inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)was suppressed by cAMP.In addition,influx of intracellular Ca^(2+) was repressed effectively.Our results demonstrate that jujube cAMP regulated the cytokine balance in the allergy pathway through blocking the influx of extracellular Ca^(2+),with the prevention of allergy symptoms.

黄芩苷调节cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路对湿疹大鼠皮肤屏障功能的影响

目的探讨黄芩苷(BA)调节环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)/蛋白激酶A(PKA)/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)通路对湿疹大鼠皮肤屏障功能的影响。方法将SD大鼠随机分为对照组(NC组)、Model组、低剂量BA组(BA-L组,25 mg/kg)、中剂量BA组(BA-M组,50 mg/kg)、高剂量BA组(BA-H组,100 mg/kg)、泼尼松组(PNS组,25 mg/kg)、BAH+cAMP抑制剂(SQ22536)组(100 mg/kg+2.13 mg/kg)、BA-H+PKA抑制剂(H-89)组(100 mg/kg+5 mg/kg),每组12只。除NC组外,其余组大鼠均构建湿疹大鼠模型。建模成功2 d后,分组进行给药处理。检测湿疹面积及严重度指数(EASI)评分、经皮肤水分流失量(TEWL)、角质层含水量(WCSC)变化;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测大鼠血清中免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平及大鼠背部受试区皮损组织中c AMP蛋白表达;HE染色检测大鼠背部受试区皮损组织病理变化;Western blot检测大鼠背部受试区皮损组织中水通道蛋白3(AQP3)、cathelicidin相关抗菌肽(CRAMP)、p-PKA、p-CREB蛋白表达。结果与NC组比较,Model组大鼠背部受试区皮损组织病理损伤严重,EASI评分、TEWL、IgE、IL-4水平升高,WCSC、IFN-γ水平、AQP3、CRAMP、cAMP、p-PKA、p-CREB蛋白水平降低(P<0.05)。与Model组比较,BA-L组、BA-M组、BA-H组、PNS组大鼠背部受试区皮损组织病理损伤减轻,EASI评分、TEWL、IgE、IL-4水平降低,WCSC、IFN-γ水平、AQP3、CRAMP、cAMP、p-PKA、p-CREB蛋白水平升高(P<0.05);且BA-L组、BA-M组、BA-H组上述指标变化呈剂量依赖性。SQ22536或H-89减弱了高剂量BA对湿疹大鼠皮肤屏障功能的改善作用。结论BA可能通过激活cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路改善湿疹大鼠皮肤屏障功能。

胡黄连苷Ⅱ调节cAMP/PKA信号轴对脊髓损伤大鼠神经功能恢复的影响

目的探讨胡黄连苷Ⅱ(PicrosideⅡ,PⅡ)对脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)大鼠神经功能恢复的影响及对环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)-蛋白激酶A(PKA)信号通路的调节作用。方法建立SCI大鼠模型,大鼠分为正常组(CT组)、SCI模型组(SCI组)、PⅡ低剂量组(PⅡL组,5 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))、PⅡ高剂量组(PⅡH组,20 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))和PⅡ高剂量+PKA抑制剂组(PⅡH+H-89组,20 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1) PⅡ+5 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)),每组18只。Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB)评分评价SCI大鼠运动功能,HE染色评价脊髓组织病理学特征,劳克坚牢蓝(LFB)染色观察脱髓鞘情况,免疫荧光检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、离子钙结合适配器分子-1(IBA-1)表达,ELISA检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、环腺苷酸(cAMP)的含量,Western blot检测磷酸化(p)-PKA、PKA、p-环磷酸腺苷反应成分结合蛋白(CREB)、CREB蛋白表达。结果与CT组比较,SCI组大鼠脊髓组织缺损、空腔,大量炎性细胞浸润,脱髓鞘以及GFAP、IBA-1、MDA表达增加,BBB评分以及SOD、cAMP、p-PKA/PKA、p-CREB/CREB表达减少(P<0.05);与SCI组比较,PⅡL组、PⅡH组组织损伤改善,空腔及炎性细胞减少,脱髓鞘以及GFAP、IBA-1、MDA表达降低,BBB评分以及SOD、cAMP、p-PKA/PKA、p-CREB/CREB表达增加(P<0.05);与PⅡH组比较,PⅡH+H-89组组织损伤严重,脱髓鞘以及GFAP、IBA-1、MDA表达增加,BBB评分以及SOD、cAMP、p-PKA/PKA、p-CREB/CREB表达减少(P<0.05)。结论PⅡ可能通过激活cAMP/PKA信号轴促进SCI大鼠神经功能恢复。

吴茱萸碱调节cAMP/PKA信号通路在糖尿病大鼠视网膜损伤中的作用

目的探讨吴茱萸碱(EVO)调节环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)/蛋白激酶A(PKA)信号通路在糖尿病大鼠视网膜损伤中的作用。方法将96只(192眼)SD大鼠分为对照组(NC组)、模型组(Model组)、EVO低剂量组(EVO-L组)、EVO中剂量组(EVO-M组)、EVO高剂量组(EVO-H组)、羟苯磺酸钙(CD)组、SQ22536组、EVO-H+SQ22536组,每组12只。除NC组以腹腔注射生理盐水代替链脲佐菌素外,其他组大鼠均构建糖尿病视网膜病变模型。建模成功后,分别进行相应给药处理,每天给药一次,持续4周。利用血糖仪检测各组大鼠血糖;HE染色检测各组大鼠视网膜组织病理变化;TUNEL染色检测各组大鼠视网膜组织中神经节细胞凋亡;检测各组大鼠视网膜组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、cAMP水平;Western blot检测各组大鼠视网膜组织中Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、P53、磷酸化的PKA(p-PKA)蛋白表达。结果与NC组比较,Model组大鼠视网膜组织病理损伤严重,血糖、视网膜神经节细胞凋亡率、MDA水平、TNF-α水平、IL-6水平、Bax蛋白、P53蛋白表达均升高,SOD水平、cAMP水平、p-PKA/PKA蛋白表达均降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);与Model组比较,EVO-L组、EVO-M组、EVO-H组、CD组大鼠视网膜组织病理损伤减轻,血糖、视网膜神经节细胞凋亡率、MDA水平、TNF-α水平、IL-6水平、Bax蛋白、P53蛋白表达均降低,SOD水平、cAMP水平、p-PKA/PKA蛋白表达均升高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);与Model组比较,SQ22536组大鼠视网膜组织病理损伤严重,血糖、视网膜神经节细胞凋亡率、MDA水平、TNF-α水平、IL-6水平、Bax蛋白、P53蛋白表达均升高,SOD水平、cAMP水平、p-PKA/PKA蛋白表达均降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);与EVO-H组比较,EVO-H+SQ22536组大鼠视网膜组织病理损伤加剧,血糖、视网膜神经节细胞凋亡率、MDA水平、TNF-α水平、IL-6水平、Bax蛋白、P53蛋白表达均升高,SOD水平、cAMP水平、p-PKA/PKA蛋白表达均降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论EVO可能通过激活cAMP/PKA信号通路改善糖尿病大鼠视网膜损伤。

cAMP抑制核盘菌菌核形成的差异基因表达分析

【目的】探究核盘菌响应环磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP)处理的转录组学特征,挖掘调控核盘菌菌核形成的关键基因,为靶向杀菌剂的研发提供参考。【方法】以接种在PDA培养基上生长至菌核原基形成时期的核盘菌作为CK1,开始形成黑色素时期的核盘菌作为CK2,以接种在PDA+5 mmol/L cAMP培养基上生长相同时间(5,7 d)的核盘菌作为试验组,依次命名为M1和M2,对这4组样品进行转录组测序(RNA-seq)比较,阐释cAMP影响菌核形成的调控途径,挖掘菌核原基及菌核黑色素形成中的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)。【结果】外源添加的cAMP主要在M1前期影响胞内的cAMP含量。差异表达基因分析结果显示,M1和CK1之间共有681个差异表达基因;KEGG富集分析显示,这些基因主要参与各类氨基酸代谢、脂肪酸代谢、MAPK信号通路等,且通路中的大部分基因都呈上调表达模式,而MAPK及其下游作用因子钙调磷酸酶B亚基(calcineurin B subunit,CnB)和热休克蛋白70(heat shock 70 ku protein,HSP70)则明显下调。M2和CK2之间共筛选到4490个差异表达基因,主要参与各类氨基酸代谢、抗原加工提呈以及cAMP、MAPK等信号通路和自噬途径,通路中的大部分基因呈上调表达模式,且自噬相关因子ATG2、ATG20、ATG22、ATG23、ATG27和ATG29也大量上调表达,而与蛋白质和脂类合成相关的磷酸酶B(phosphatase B,PTPB)和酰基辅酶A氧化酶(acyl coenzyme A oxidase,ACO)的表达量则明显下调。在M1和M2时期,相关基因的qRT-PCR与RNA-seq差异表达分析结果趋势相同,说明转录组测序数据准确。【结论】核盘菌可通过吸收胞外高浓度的cAMP抑制菌核形成菌丝,其抑制作用主要通过影响相关蛋白质及脂类物质的合成而对菌丝形态及信号传递造成障碍。

针刺足三里对CFA大鼠尾壳核中A1R/cAMP/p-CREB信号通路的影响

目的:观察针刺对完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)大鼠尾壳核(CPu)中的腺苷A1受体(A1R)/环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)信号通路的影响,探讨针刺治疗炎性痛的潜在机制。方法:将64只6~8周龄雄性Wistar大鼠运用随机数字法随机分为盐水组、模型组(CFA组)、CFA+手针针刺(MA)组、CFA+溶剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO)组、CFA+A1R激动剂2-氯-N6-环戊基腺苷(CCPA)组、CFA+A1R拮抗剂8-环戊基-1,3-二丙基黄嘌呤(DPCPX)组、CFA+MA+DMSO组和CFA+MA+DPCPX组,每组8只。采用右侧足底皮内注射CFA制作关节炎炎性痛模型。针刺组于造模后第2天针刺大鼠双侧足三里穴,每次30 min,每天1次,共7 d。采用足底热辐射痛阈值评判大鼠疼痛反应;ELISA检测CPu脑区cAMP含量变化;Western blot检测CPu脑区PKA和CREB蛋白表达及磷酸化水平的变化;免疫荧光染色检测CPu脑区A1R表达情况。结果:与盐水组比较,CFA造模显著降低大鼠热痛阈值(P<0.01);与CFA组比较,CFA+MA组和CFA+CCPA组大鼠的热痛阈值均显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);与CFA+MA+DMSO组比较,CFA+MA+DPCPX组大鼠的热痛阈值显著降低(P<0.05)。与盐水组和CFA组比较,CFA+MA组大鼠CPu脑区中的A1R蛋白相对表达量和阳性细胞数均显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与盐水组相比,CFA+MA组大鼠CPu脑区中的cAMP含量显著减少,p-CREB蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05);与CFA+DMSO组相比,CFA+MA+DMSO组和CFA+CCPA组的cAMP含量显著减少,p-CREB蛋白水平显著下降(P<0.01);与CFA+MA+DMSO组相比,CFA+MA+DPCPX组cAMP含量显著增加(P<0.01),p-PKA和p-CREB蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:针刺双侧足三里可以缓解CFA大鼠的炎性疼痛,其机制可能与A1R/cAMP/p-CREB信号通路有关。

基于cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路探讨柴胡皂苷对多发性抽动症小鼠的治疗作用

目的基于环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A/环磷酸腺苷反应成分结合蛋白(cAMP/PKA/CREB)信号通路探讨柴胡皂苷(SS)对多发性抽动症(TS)模型小鼠的治疗作用。方法将小鼠随机分为对照组、TS组、SS低剂量(SS-L)组、SS高剂量(SS-H)组、阳性药物组、SS-H+PKA抑制剂(H-89)组,每组10只。除对照组外,其他各组经腹腔注射亚氨基二丙腈溶液建立TS小鼠模型。造模后,SS-L组、SS-H组分别给予25、100 mg/kg SS腹腔注射,并以生理盐水灌胃;阳性药物组以0.5 mg/kg氟哌啶醇灌胃,并以生理盐水腹腔注射;SS-H+H-89组以100 mg/kg SS、5 mg/kg H-89腹腔注射,并以生理盐水灌胃;TS组及对照组分别以等体积的生理盐水腹腔注射、灌胃。每天1次,连续干预3周。对小鼠运动行为、刻板行为进行评分,用ELISA法检测纹状体组织中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)以及多巴胺(DA),用苏木精-伊红法观察脑组织形态学变化,用免疫组化法检测黑质中酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性神经元,用Western blotting法检测cAMP/PKA/CREB通路相关蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,TS组脑细胞形态被破坏,干预1、2、3周小鼠运动行为评分、刻板行为评分及纹状体组织中NE、DA水平、TH阳性神经元数量高(P均<0.05),纹状体组织中5-HT水平及cAMP、PKA、CREB蛋白表达低(P均<0.05);与TS组比较,SS-L组、SS-H组、阳性对照组脑细胞形态得到改善,干预1、2、3周小鼠运动行为评分、刻板行为评分及纹状体组织中NE、DA水平、TH阳性神经元数量低(P均<0.05),纹状体组织中5-HT水平及cAMP、PKA、CREB蛋白表达高(P均<0.05);S-H+H-89组逆转SS-H组各指标的变化(P均<0.05)。结论SS可能通过调节cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路对TS小鼠发挥治疗作用。

cAMP/CREB信号通路对丙泊酚麻醉致大鼠认知功能损伤、记忆功能的影响及其机制

目的探究环腺苷酸/环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP/CREB)信号通路对丙泊酚麻醉致大鼠认知功能损伤、记忆功能的影响及机制。方法2021年12月—2022年2月于湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州中心医院动物实验室进行实验。将30只大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组、丙泊酚组、8-溴-环腺苷酸(8-Br-cAMP)+丙泊酚组各10只,8-Br-cAMP+丙泊酚组大鼠注射信号通路激动剂8-Br-cAMP+丙泊酚,丙泊酚组注射丙泊酚,对照组注射0.9%氯化钠。麻醉1 d后观察大鼠认知记忆功能变化。结果与对照组比较,丙泊酚组大鼠逃避潜伏期时间延长,穿越平台次数下降(P均<0.01);与丙泊酚组比较,8-Br-cAMP+丙泊酚组大鼠逃避潜伏期时间缩短,穿越平台次数上升(P均<0.01)。与对照组比较,丙泊酚组理毛次数、跨格次数、站立次数下降,中央格停留时间延长(P均<0.01);与丙泊酚组比较,8-Br-cAMP+丙泊酚组理毛次数、跨格次数、站立次数上升,中央格停留时间缩短(P均<0.01)。与对照组比较,丙泊酚组MDA水平上升,SOD水平下降(P均<0.01);与丙泊酚组比较,8-Br-cAMP+丙泊酚组MDA水平下降,SOD水平上升(P均<0.01)。与对照组比较,丙泊酚组cAMP、CREB mRNA表达量均下降(P均<0.01);与丙泊酚组比较,8-Br-cAMP+丙泊酚组cAMP、CREBmRNA表达量均上升(P均<0.01)。与对照组比较,丙泊酚组cAMP、CREB蛋白相对表达量均下降(P均<0.01);与丙泊酚组比较,8-Br-cAMP+丙泊酚组cAMP、CREB蛋白相对表达量均上升(P均<0.01)。结论激活cAMP/CREB信号通路可缓解丙泊酚麻醉造成认知功能损伤及记忆功能下降,其机制可能与氧化应激反应受到调节有关。

cAMP/CREB信号通路与七氟醚麻醉致大鼠认知功能损伤及神经细胞凋亡的关系探究

目的 探究环腺苷酸/环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP/CREB)信号通路与七氟醚麻醉致大鼠认知功能损伤及神经细胞凋亡的关系。方法 将30只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、七氟醚组及cAMP/CREB信号通路激动剂8-溴-环腺苷酸(8-Br-cAMP)+七氟醚组,8-Br-cAMP+七氟醚组侧脑室注射8-Br-cAMP 10μL,注射10 min后,七氟醚组、8-Br-cAMP+七氟醚组大鼠吸入3%七氟醚6h,麻醉24 h后,比较各组大鼠行为学表现、海马组织神经元数量与凋亡情况、海马组织中氧化应激指标及cAMP/CREB信号通路蛋白表达水平。结果 与对照组比较,七氟醚组和8-Br-cAMP+七氟醚组大鼠逃避潜伏期、海马组织CA1区凋亡神经细胞数明显增加,穿越平台次数、海马组织CA1区尼氏小体数、SOD、GSH活性、cAMP、PKA、CREB及BDNF表达水平明显减少或降低(P<0.05);与七氟醚组比较,8-Br-cAMP+七氟醚组大鼠逃避潜伏期、海马组织CA1区凋亡神经细胞数明显减少,穿越平台次数、海马组织CA1区尼氏小体数、SOD、GSH活性、cAMP、PKA、CREB及BDNF表达水平明显增加或升高(P<0.05)。但三组大鼠自发活动总路程和悬吊时间的比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 cAMP/CREB信号通路可能参与七氟醚麻醉致大鼠认知功能损伤激神经细胞凋亡过程。

cAMP/PKA通路在HPV16/18相关宫颈癌中的表达情况及临床意义

目的探讨cAMP/PKA通路在HPV16/18相关宫颈癌中的表达情况及临床意义。方法选取86例宫颈癌患者作为研究组,取同期患有妇科其他良性病变行宫颈切除手术患者75例作为对照组。将研究组患者术后切除的宫颈病变组织进行收集,同时收集对照组患者术后切取的宫颈组织标本于液氮中保存。对两组研究对象组织标本中cAMP/PKA通路的表达水平进行比较,采用PCR扩增及膜杂交法对cAMP/PKA阳性组与阴性组标本进行HPV检测。对cAMP/PKA阳性组与阴性组进行免疫组化法检测血管内皮生长因子表达水平情况。采用Spearman相关性分析,对cAMP/PKA通路表达与VEGF表达及宫颈癌HPV16/18感染情况进行相关性分析。结果研究组标本中cAMP/PKA通路阳性率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。cAMP/PKA通路阳性组患者HPV16/18总阳性率为93.59%,阴性组HPV16/18总阳性率为50.00%,cAMP/PKA通路阳性组中HPV16/18阳性率明显高于阴性组(P<0.05)。cAMP/PKA通路阳性组中VEGF表达水平呈阳性表达有70例(89.74%),阳性率为89.74%;在阴性组中呈阳性表达为3例(37.50%),阳性率为37.50%,cAMP/PKA通路阳性组中VEGF阳性率明显高于阴性组(P<0.05)。经Spearman相关性分析可知,cAMP/PKA通路与VEGF表达水平呈正相关性(P<0.05),cAMP/PKA通路表达水平越高,VEGF的表达水平越高。cAMP/PKA通路与宫颈癌HPV16/18感染情况呈正相关性(P<0.05),cAMP/PKA通路表达水平越高,患者感染HPV16/18的概率越大。结论cAMP/PKA通路的表达与VEGF表达水平及患者感染HPV16/18呈正相关性,cAMP/PKA通路的表达水平升高,可以促进VEGF的表达,同时患者感染HPV16/18的风险也升高。

袖状胃切除术通过GLP-1激活cAMP/PKA通路拮抗血管外周脂肪组织炎症

目的基于GLP-1激活环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)/蛋白激酶A(PKA)通路探讨袖状胃切除术拮抗血管外周脂肪组织炎症。方法选取SPF级六周龄雄性大鼠48只作为本次研究的对象,无差别分为空白组、袖状胃切除术组以及GLP-1受体激动剂组、GLP-1受体拮抗剂组Exendin(9-39),对四组小鼠血管外周脂肪组织的cAMP/PKA水平以及炎症因子IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α水平进行测定。结果(1)cAMP/PKA水平比较:GLP-1受体激动剂进一步升高袖状胃切除术小鼠血管外周脂肪组织cAMP/PKA水平,其拮抗剂显著降低血管外周脂肪组织cAMP/PKA水平,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)炎症因子IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α水平:GLP-1受体激动剂显著降低血管袖状胃切除术小鼠外周脂肪组织炎症,其拮抗剂显著提高血管外周脂肪组织炎症水平,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论GLP-1受体激动剂与拮抗剂对袖状胃切除术大鼠血管外周脂肪组织炎症以及cAMP/PKA水平均具有较强的相关性,表明GLP-1可能通过激活cAMP/PKA通路参与袖状胃切除术拮抗血管外周脂肪组织炎症。

外源cAMP对酸枣种子萌发及实生苗生长发育的影响

cAMP(环磷酸腺苷)是一种广泛存在于生物体内的小分子高生物活性物质和第二次信使,已有研究表明,外源c AMP对草本植物的种子萌发和生长发育具有重要影响,但木本植物中外源c AMP的应用效果鲜有报道。以酸枣仁和当年生酸枣实生苗为试材,用不同浓度c AMP对酸枣仁进行浸种处理并对当年生酸枣实生苗进行根施、喷施c AMP处理,研究不同浓度外源c AMP对酸枣种子萌发和生长发育的影响。结果表明:25μmol/L c AMP浸种18 h,可极显著提高酸枣种子的萌发率(达90.69%);根施25μmol/L c AMP能够显著促进酸枣实生苗地上部生长;喷施50μmol/L c AMP对酸枣实生苗根系的生长有显著促进作用;喷施50μmol/L c AMP可极显著提高当年生酸枣实生苗开花率;根施25、50μmol/L c AMP均可显著提高当年生酸枣实生苗的结果率。该研究可为c AMP在果树上生产的应用及揭示其调控木本植物生长发育的分子机制提供借鉴和参考。

HPLC法同时测定红枣中cAMP和cGMP含量

建立了以有机相(甲醇)-水相(0.5%甲酸水)为流动相同时测定枣果中cAMP和cGMP含量的HPLC方法,该方法的分析条件为:Spuirsil C_(18)型色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,i.d.),流动相5%甲醇∶0.5%甲酸水=5∶95(V/V),流速0.7 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长256 nm。该方法具有流动相配制简单、分析时间短、色谱峰分离度好、准确度高等特点。通过10个红枣品种的分析,发现同一品种的cAMP含量高于cGMP,不同品种的cAMP和cGMP含量差异显著(p<0.05),其中骏优、骏枣和灰枣的cAMP和cGMP含量较高,这3个品种均为干制加工品种,说明cAMP和cGMP可作为新疆干制红枣品质评价的重要指标。