After taking stock of China's four-decade reforms, this paper identifies the cyclical patterns of China's reforms, which consist of an intermediate cycle and three short cycles. The purpose of reform is to adj...After taking stock of China's four-decade reforms, this paper identifies the cyclical patterns of China's reforms, which consist of an intermediate cycle and three short cycles. The purpose of reform is to adjust the changing relations of production to changing productivity. China has adopted a gradualist approach of reform, and reform cycles have coincided with economic cycles. The cyclical changes of reform are of great significance to comprehensively deepening reforms in the new era: Downward pressures of the economy present the best window period for reform;a new cycle of reform will unveil a new economic cycle as well;the people's support is essential to pushing forward the cyclical movements of reform;and top-down design is essential to deepen reforms on all fronts.展开更多
A series of dynamic behavior tests on Nanjing flake-shaped fine sand were performed by using the WFI cyclic triaxial apparatus made in England. The dynamic behaviors of Nanjing flake-shaped fine sand under different s...A series of dynamic behavior tests on Nanjing flake-shaped fine sand were performed by using the WFI cyclic triaxial apparatus made in England. The dynamic behaviors of Nanjing flake-shaped fine sand under different static deviator stress levels and cyclic stress ratios were studied. Through comparing the effective stress path under cyclic loading with static loading, the processes of liquefaction of saturated Nanjing flake-shaped fine sand with development of dynamic pore-water pressure, including the initial compact state, compression state and dilative state, were investigated. The variation of the shear stiffness with the number of cycles and cyclic strain was investigated by analyzing the secant shear modulus in each unload-reload loop of dynamic stress-strain relationship. And by means of the exponential function, the empirical equations of the relationship between secant shear modulus Gsec, shear modulus ratio Gsec/Gmax and cyclic strain ε were established based on series of test results. The results show that according to different combinations of static deviator stress and cyclic stress, two kinds of failure patterns with deviator stress reversal or no deviator stress reversal are observed in the samples tested in this series, including cyclic mobility and the failure of accumulation residual strain. In addition, the degradation of dynamic shear modulus is due to the development of vibration pore-water pressure and it is observed that the shear modulus reduces with the progressive number of cycles.展开更多
文摘After taking stock of China's four-decade reforms, this paper identifies the cyclical patterns of China's reforms, which consist of an intermediate cycle and three short cycles. The purpose of reform is to adjust the changing relations of production to changing productivity. China has adopted a gradualist approach of reform, and reform cycles have coincided with economic cycles. The cyclical changes of reform are of great significance to comprehensively deepening reforms in the new era: Downward pressures of the economy present the best window period for reform;a new cycle of reform will unveil a new economic cycle as well;the people's support is essential to pushing forward the cyclical movements of reform;and top-down design is essential to deepen reforms on all fronts.
基金Project (2007CB714200) supported by National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject (90715018) supported by Key Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A series of dynamic behavior tests on Nanjing flake-shaped fine sand were performed by using the WFI cyclic triaxial apparatus made in England. The dynamic behaviors of Nanjing flake-shaped fine sand under different static deviator stress levels and cyclic stress ratios were studied. Through comparing the effective stress path under cyclic loading with static loading, the processes of liquefaction of saturated Nanjing flake-shaped fine sand with development of dynamic pore-water pressure, including the initial compact state, compression state and dilative state, were investigated. The variation of the shear stiffness with the number of cycles and cyclic strain was investigated by analyzing the secant shear modulus in each unload-reload loop of dynamic stress-strain relationship. And by means of the exponential function, the empirical equations of the relationship between secant shear modulus Gsec, shear modulus ratio Gsec/Gmax and cyclic strain ε were established based on series of test results. The results show that according to different combinations of static deviator stress and cyclic stress, two kinds of failure patterns with deviator stress reversal or no deviator stress reversal are observed in the samples tested in this series, including cyclic mobility and the failure of accumulation residual strain. In addition, the degradation of dynamic shear modulus is due to the development of vibration pore-water pressure and it is observed that the shear modulus reduces with the progressive number of cycles.
