Cyclops syndrome following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Can relapse occur after surgery?

Symptomatic cyclops lesions are complications that can be seen at rates of up to approximately 10%after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.However,recurrent cyclops lesions have rarely been documented.There are case rare series in the literature regarding the treatment of recurrent cyclops lesion.Future large studies are needed to investigate factors contributing to the development of cyclops lesions and syndrome and treatment options.

Recurrent cyclops lesion after primary resection of fibroreactive nodule following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

In this case report featured in World Journal of Orthopedics,Kelmer et al describe a rare finding of a 28-year-old female patient who presented with a recurrent fibroreactive nodule 7 months following the resection of a primary cyclops lesion,suggesting recurrent cyclops syndrome.The patient had undergone an initial anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for a non-contact right knee injury and reported successful recovery.Two years later,the patient sustained a repeat right knee injury followed by a positive McMurray test and acute pain with terminal extension.Arthroscopic synovectomy confirmed magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)finding of a cyclops lesion,which was surgically removed.Seven months postoperatively,the patient reported stiffness and difficulty with terminal extension.Repeat MRI indicated a recurrent cyclops lesion,which was surgically resected.Following resection of the second lesion,the patient underwent physical therapy and achieved full range of motion,maintaining complete recovery 19 months postoperatively.Recurrent cyclops lesions have rarely been reported in the literature,and this article is novel in its report of recurrent cyclops syndrome following a bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft.The presentation of this unusual finding exposes a need for further investigation of cyclops lesion pathology,which will aid its prevention and treatment.

Recurrent cyclops lesion after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone tendon bone allograft:A case report

BACKGROUND Cyclops lesions are a known complication of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction,with symptomatic cyclops syndrome occurring in up to 11%of surgeries.Recurrent cyclops lesions have been rarely documented;this case study documents the successful treatment of a recurrent cyclops lesion.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old female presented following a non-contact injury to the right knee.Workup and clinical exam revealed an ACL tear,and arthroscopic reconstruction was performed.Two years later a cyclops lesion was discovered and removed via arthroscopic synovectomy.Seven months postoperatively,the patient presented with pain,stiffness,and difficulty achieving terminal extension.A smaller recurrent cyclops lesion was diagnosed,and a repeat synovectomy was performed.The patient recovered fully.CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge,this is the first documented case of recurrent cyclops lesion after bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft ACL reconstruction presenting as cyclops syndrome.

半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱重建前交叉韧带后Cyclops综合症临床研究

目的：研究采用自体半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱重建前交叉韧带（ACL）后膝关节内Cyclops综合症的发生情况。方法：回顾性研究2004～2005年197例采用半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱重建ACL后取出内固定患者，平均年龄25．85岁。取内固定时通过病史、体征、X线及KT-2000评估膝关节功能，手术同时进行膝关节镜探查，观察关节内髁间窝增生物情况，并进行统计分析。结果：所有患者中发现有髁间窝结节样增生物（统称为Cyclops病变）形成28例，其中2例伴有伸膝受限（同健侧膝关节比较），Cyclops综合症的发生率为1.02％（2／197）。无Cyclops病变的患者中伸膝受限5例。根据是否存在Cyclops病变将所有患者分为Cyclops组和非Cyclops组，两组伸膝受限发生率的差异无统计学意义（x^2=0．268）。Cyclops病变的病理表现为增生变性的瘢痕样组织，无骨性成分。Cyclops组患者取钉时KT-2000检查结果显示134N下差值平均为1．8mm，有24例均恢复到原来的运动水平。结果表明，采用半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱重建前交叉韧带后Cyclops病变发生率较高，但产生伸膝受限（Cyclops综合症）的发生率低。

Full-scale study of removal effect on Cyclops of zooplankton with chlorine dioxide

Cyclops of zooplankton propagated excessively in eutrophic water body and could not be effectively inactivated by the conventional disinfections process like chlorination due to its stronger resistance to oxidation. In this paper, a full-scale study of chlorine dioxide preoxidation cooperating with routine clarification process for Cyclops removal was conducted in a waterworks. The experimental results were compared with that of the existing prechlorination process in several aspects: including the Cyclops removal efficiencies of water samples taken from the outlets of sedimentation tank and sand filter and the security of drinking water and so on. The results showed that chlorine dioxide might be more effective to inactivate Cyclops than chlorine and Cyclops could be thoroughly removed from water by pre-dosing chlorine dioxide process. The GC-MS examination and Ames test further showed that the sort and amount of organic substance in the treated water by chlorine dioxide preoxidation were evidently less than that of prechlorination and the mutagenicity of drinking water treated by pre-dosing chlorine dioxide was substantially reduced compared with prechlorination.

Preliminary Study on Biological Control of Cyclops of Zooplankton in Drinking Water Source

An ecological project called fish biomanipulation, other than the conventional fishery culture technique, was put forward in this paper for the excess propagation control of Cyclops. The control effects on Cyclops of four species of fish were investigated experimentally at stocking density of 30 g per cubic meter of water. The experimental results showed that the food habit of the fish had significant influence on the biological control of Cyclops. The propagation of Cyclops could be controlled effectively and also the water quality was improved simultaneously by stocking the filter-feeding fishes, such as silver carp and bighead carp. Whereas, herbivorous Ctenopharyugodon idellus and omnivorous Cyprinus carpio had no obvious biological effects on controlling the growth of Cyclops and restoring water quality. The results further proved that under condition of proper poly-culture density of silver carp and bighead carp, the number of Cyclops might be controlled at very low level and the eutrophication might be abated by removing the nutrients from water body.

Biological control experiment of excess propagation of Cyclops for drinking water security

Cyclops of zooplankton propagated excessively in eutrophic water body and could not be effectively inactivated by the conventional disinfections process like chlorination due to its stronger resistance to oxidation. In this study, an ecological project was put forward for the excess propagation control of Cyclops by stocking the filter-feeding fishes such as silver carp and bighead carp under the condition of no extraneous nutrient feeding. The results of experiments with different stocking biomass showed that the propagation of Cyclops could be controlled effectively, and the water quality was improved simultaneously by impacting on nutriment level and plankton community structure at proper stocking density of 30 g/m^3 of water. The growth of Cyclops may not be effectually controlled with lower biomass of fish （10 g）, and the natural food chain relation may be destroyed for Cyclops dying out in water while the intense stocking of 120 g per cubic meter of water. In addition, the high predator pressure may accelerate supplemental rate of nutrients from bottom sediments to water body to add the content of total nitrogen and phosphorus in water.

Removal of cyclops in pre-oxidizing cooperation water treatment process

Zooplankton cyclops propagates profusely in waterbody, cannot be effectively inactivated by conventional disinfection process, and becomes a troublesome drinking water treatment problem. In this work, the qualitative and quantitative experimental studies were carried out on inactivation of zooplankton cyclops using oxidants, such as chlorine （Cl2）, chlorine dioxide （ClO2）, ozone （O3）, hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, ozone/hydrogen peroxide （O3/H2O2）, chloramines （Cl2-NH3） and potassium permanganate （KM4nO4）. The influences of various factors include different oxidant dosages, organic substance contents and pH values. The results showed that currently available oxidants used all might inactivate cyclops in some extent. According to the experimental results, chlorine dioxide, ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and chloramines can be selected as effective oxidants for inactivating cyclops because of their strong inactivation abilities. Then the synergic removal effects on cyclops with ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide pre-oxidation followed by conventional water treatment processes were investigated, The results showed that ozone and ozone/hydrogen peroxide pre-oxidation can inactivate cyclops effectively, which then can be removed thoroughly by conventional water treatment processes. Cyclops cannot appear in water after filtration with 1.65 mg/L of ozone and 6 mg/L of hydrogen peroxide, with the inactivation rate being 62% before conventional water treatment processes. Cyclops cannot appear in water after filtration with 1.8 mg/L of ozone, with the inactivation rate being 50% before conventional water treatment processes. For different oxidants, when removal rate was the best, the inactivation rate was not the same. These results may provide reference and model for actual waterworks.

Morphology and biology of Cyclops scutifer Sars, 1863 in high mountain lakes of East Siberia (including Lake Amut)

Data on zooplankton from 13 high-mountain lakes of East Siberia have shown that the Holarctic copepod Cyclops scutifer Sars,1863 dominates among crustaceans.In July,its abundance comprised 64%-98%of the total plankton fauna in the pelagial of these lakes,approximately 30%in the littoral zone and10%in small northern thermokarst lakes.Biometric measurements and morphological descriptions based on scanning microscope images are supplemented by the data on its geographic distribution and phenology.

Experimental studies on oxidizing removal of Cyclops of zooplankton

The inactivation of Cyclops with currently available oxidants such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone and potassium permanganate was investigated and reported under various working conditions of different oxidant dosage, organic substance content and pH value. The removal efficiency of Cyclops by predosing chlorine dioxide in water treatment process was comprehensively compared with that of the conventional prechlorination process. The results showed that chlorine dioxide might be most effective to inactivate Cyclops than other oxidants and its effect was less influenced by external conditions. Cyclops could be effectively inactivated by chlorine dioxide preoxidation and be thoroughly removed from water by chlorine dioxide preoxidation cooperating with routine clarification process, i.e. flocculation, sedimentation and filtration.

Pond Water Quality and Cyclops Population in Dracunculiasis Endemic Areas of Ogun State, Nigeria

This study investigated the association between Cyclops population and physico-chemical properties of pond water in villages selected from Odeda and Obafemi-Owode areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. Epidemiological data on guinea worm were collected from Global 2000 South-West Zonal Office. Two villages were selected from each of Odeda and Obafemi-Owode LGAs while one village was sampled from Abeokuta North LGA as control. Physico-chemical analysis and microscopic examination of pond water utilized for domestic purpose in the selected villages were conducted. Mean values of 6.78±0.10, 33.00±0.14℃, 1.09＋0.80 mg/L and 1.30±0.25 mg/L were recorded for pH, temperature, DO and nitrate respectively while control had 7.30±0.14, 36.30±14℃2, 2.72±0.14 mg/L and 5.80±0.57 mg/L. These values with the exception of DO and nitrate were within WHO standard but vary significantly （P〈0.05） between the villages. The results further showed that BOD, COD and acidity were positively correlated with Cyclops population during the rainy and dry seasons while temperature, nitrate, pH, and alkalinity have negative correlation coefficients （r=-0.81, -0.91） with Cyclops population during the two seasons. Regression analysis showed that nitrate, BOD and acidity levels explained 67.7 percent, 50.4 percent and 44.5 percent of Cyclops population in the ponds. Guinea worm eradication in endemic rural areas should incorporate ecological strategy.

前交叉韧带重建术后Cyclops病变的MRI表现

目的分析膝关节前交叉韧带重建术后Cyclops病变的MRI表现及临床意义,旨在提高对其征象的认识。方法搜集具有典型Cyclops病变MRI征象的42例患者的MRI资料进行回顾性分析。男30例,女12例,平均年龄28.6岁。结果 Cyclops病变位于髁间窝前交叉韧带移植物止点前方,具有纤维组织的信号特征,T1WI上呈均匀低信号;在T2WI及质子密度加权成像(PDWI)上呈均匀等、低信号;MR关节造影图像上,在膝关节腔内高信号对比剂的衬托下可清晰勾勒其边缘形态。Cyclops病变的病理表现为增生变性的瘢痕样组织。结论 MRI是前交叉韧带重建术后Cyclops病变首选检查方法,有助于对该病变的诊断,对治疗方案的选择具有指导作用。

Influencing factors of disinfection byproducts formation during chloramination of Cyclops metabolite solutions

Effects of reaction time, chlorine dosage, pH and temperature on the formation of disinfection byproducts （DBPs）, were investigated during the chloramination of Cyclops metabolite solutions. The results showed that some species of DBPs like trichloromethane （TCM）, dichloroacetic acid （DCAA） and trichloroacetic acid （TCAA） could accumulate to their respective stable values with a progressive elevation in reaction time and monochloramine concentration. And 1,1,1-2-trichloropropanone （1,1,1- TCP） content decreased correspondingly with a continuous increase of reaction time. The amounts of chloral hydrate （CH）, chloropicrin （TCNM）, 1,1,1-TCP and DCAA firstly increased and then decreased with increasing monochloramine doses. Higher temperature resulted in a decrease of CH, dichloroacetonitrile （DCAN）, 1,1-dichloropropanone （1,1-DCP）, 1,1,1-TCP, DCAA and TCAA concentration, pH affected the formation of the different DBPs distinctly. TCM accumulateded with the increase of pH under 9, and DCAA, TCAA, CH and 1,1-DCP decreased continuously with increasing pH from 5 to 10, and other DBPs had the maximum concentrations at pH 6-7.

关节镜下保留残端重建前交叉韧带与不保留残端重建的Meta分析

背景:对于前交叉韧带重建过程中是否保留原韧带残端仍存在不同观点。很多学者认为保留残端重建前交叉韧带术后疗效更满意,但也有学者认为保留残端重建与普通手术无显著差异,并不赞同保留残端重建前交叉韧带。目的:通过Meta分析对保留残端重建前交叉韧带与不保留残端重建的有效性和安全性进行比较。方法:按照Cochrane系统评价的方法,计算机检索Medline、荷兰医学文摘、Cochrane图书馆、Cochrane协作网专业试验数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库,CNKI等数据库1995年至2015年7月的相关文献,英文检索词:anterior cruciate ligament AND remnant(OR stump)AND randomized controlled trial(RCT)OR quasi-RCT;中文检索词:前交叉韧带重建、保残、不保残。采用Review Manager 5.3.软件进行Meta分析。结果与结论:共纳入13个研究,Meta分析结果显示:保留残端重建前交叉韧带与不保残重建在KT1000/2000评分[OR=-0.28,95%CI:-0.76-0.20,P=0.25]、滑膜覆盖优良率[OR=-0.30,95%CI:-0.30-0.90,P=0.32]及Cyclops病变发生率[OR=0.87,95%CI:0.63-2.90,P=0.44]方面差异无显著性意义。在术后Lysholm评分[OR=2.45,95%CI:0.52-4.39,P=0.01]、本体感觉[OR=-1.72,95%CI:-3.32至-0.13,P=0.03]、骨道扩大[OR=-0.66,95%CI:-1.08至-0.23,P=0.002]方面,保留残端重建前交叉韧带组较优。结果说明,保留残端重建前交叉韧带与不保残重建均能取得较好的膝关节前后稳定性,而在膝关节术后评分、本体感觉及防止骨道扩大方面,保留残端组更具有优势。由于部分文献质量不高,可能存在各种偏倚,未来需要更多高质量的随机对照试验来得出更可靠的结论。

豹斑毒鹅膏菌和褐鳞环柄菇的毒素粗品对剑水蚤的毒效研究

利用豹斑毒鹅膏菌(Amanita pantherina(DC.:Fr.)Schrmm.)和褐鳞环柄菇(Lepiota helveola Bres.)的毒素粗品对剑水蚤(Cyclops)进行毒杀试验。结果表明,豹斑毒鹅膏菌和褐鳞环柄菇的毒素粗品对剑水蚤均具有一定的毒杀作用,并表现出明显的剂量效应和时间效应。在作用时间为12 h时,豹斑毒鹅膏菌毒素粗品对剑水蚤的半致死浓度(LC50)要低于褐鳞环柄菇毒素粗品;在作用时间为48 h时,豹斑毒鹅膏菌毒素粗品对剑水蚤的LC50为0.049 mg/mL,褐鳞环柄菇毒素粗品对剑水蚤的LC50为0.038 mg/mL;在相同浓度下,豹斑毒鹅膏菌毒素粗品对剑水蚤的半致死时间(LT50)比褐鳞环柄菇毒素粗品的都要短。因此,在剑水蚤大量暴发的情况下,可选择豹斑毒鹅膏菌毒素粗品来治理;推测褐鳞环柄菇的毒性发作有一定的潜伏期,若需要较长时间的持续毒杀作用时,则可用褐鳞环柄菇毒素粗品来治理。

STUDIES ON CYCLOPENT-2-ENONE: (Ⅲ) THE STUDY ON DECONJUGATION OF CYCLOPENT -2-ENONE ALDOL ADDUCTS

Deconjugation of cyclopent-2-enone aldols were attempted under various conditions, and the desired deconjugated product was achieved via dianion approach. Various results obtained in this study are explained by structure and transition state analysis.

倒刺线环扎固定技术对前交叉韧带保残重建的疗效影响

目的探讨前交叉韧带保残重建术中采用倒刺线环扎固定的可行性以及对疗效的影响。方法 2014年2月—2016年1月将96例(96膝)符合选择标准的前交叉韧带损伤患者纳入研究,随机分为两组,每组48例。两组均采用自体肌腱行前交叉韧带保留残端重建术,其中试验组采用倒刺线环扎固定残端,对照组采用传统缝线固定残端。两组患者年龄、性别、损伤侧别、受伤至手术时间以及术前膝关节稳定性(KT-1000检测)及国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分、Lyshlom评分等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。比较两组术后膝关节稳定性、膝关节功能(IKDC及Lyshlom评分)、本体感觉情况(被动角度重复试验)以及Cyclops病变发生情况。结果两组术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。对照组44例患者获随访,随访时间26～47个月,平均36.6个月;试验组45例患者获随访,随访时间26～48个月,平均35.6个月。末次随访时,两组IKDC评分、Lysholm评分、KT-1000检测与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1、2年试验组及对照组本体感觉比较,以及每组内术后1年和2年间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访期间MRI复查显示,术后6个月、1年及2年时试验组Cyclops病变发生率分别为0、4.44%(2/45)、4.44%(2/45),对照组分别为13.6%(6/44)、13.6%(6/44)、20.5%(9/44);术后6个月及2年两组间发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.012;P=0.022),术后1年时两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.157)。结论前交叉韧带保残重建术中采用倒刺线环扎固定残端能够降低术后Cyclops病变的发生率,但是对术后膝关节功能恢复无明显优势。

Population structure and range expansion:the case of the invasive gastropod Cyclope neritea in northwest Iberian Peninsula

Biotic invasions have a reputation for unpredictable behavior.Here,we report how slight changes in human activity responsible for the introduction and range expansion of a non-native mollusk have led to detectable differences in the genetics of the invasion.Cyclope neritea is a non-predatory gastropod introduced to 2 areas of the European Atlantic:the northwest Iberian Peninsula(NWIP)and the French Atlantic coast(FAC).Shellfish seabed farming is intense in both areas but focuses on different commercial species.Using mitochondrial gene sequences,the lower genetic diversity recorded along the NWIP suggests a more homogeneous range of source populations than in the FAC.Unlike FAC,genetic diversity and haplotype composition in the NWIP correlate with the date of first occurrence of C.neritea at each site rather than with geographical location.Although this pattern evokes the genetic signature expected under a serial-founder colonization model from a single initial enclave,a comparison with samples from potential source populations suggests that the NWIP probably experienced several independent reintroductions.The jump dispersal pattern of C.neritea in the NWIP,together with the observation that populations established in the same year are genetically undifferentiated,point to human transport as the most plausible explanation for the current range expansion.Despite evidence for human-mediated dispersal,C.neritea managed to develop a seemingly non-random genetic pattern in the NWIP.It is suggested that caution must be exerted when interpreting genetic patterns in invaders.