Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) remains one of the most common viral pathogens affecting horses worldwide presenting as a persistent infection which can establish latency in nerve ganglia (trigeminal ganglion), lymphoid ...Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) remains one of the most common viral pathogens affecting horses worldwide presenting as a persistent infection which can establish latency in nerve ganglia (trigeminal ganglion), lymphoid tissues of the respiratory tract and peripheral blood lymphocytes. EHV-1 infection induces both humoral and cellular immune responses in horses. Virus neutralising antibody, particularly in the nasopharynx, is to kill free virus shed from infected epithelial cells. Hence this antibody has important functions in reducing virus shedding and spreading infection to cohorts. Cellular immune responses, particularly those carried out by cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), have been shown to be effective in killing virus-infected cells in vitro. This review underlines the state of knowledge regarding immunity to EHV-1 and also its interaction with equine lymphocyte. Finally, the review also includes the importance of the viral immediate early (IE) protein in the pathogenesis of EHV-1. This information can be used as the basis for future research.展开更多
Mutations in genes encoding a key component of cytotoxic granules, or the machinery for their release, underlie the systemic hyperiflammatory symptoms of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL), a typically ...Mutations in genes encoding a key component of cytotoxic granules, or the machinery for their release, underlie the systemic hyperiflammatory symptoms of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL), a typically pediatric onset autosomal recessive disorder with five known genetic subtypes (FHL1 - 5). FHL1 mutations have been mapped to chromosome 9, while the respective genes mutated in FHL2 (PRF1), FHL3 (UNC13D/Munc13-4), FHL4 (STX11) and FHL5 (STXBP2/ Munc18b/Munc18-2) have been identified. Perforin gene mutation directly affected the cytolytic activity of the cytotoxic granules. All the other FHL mutations appear to affect some aspect of cytotoxic granule exocytosis, resulting in impaired target cell killing by cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and/or natural killer (NK) cells. Recent findings suggest that failure to kill and detach from target cells, and prolonged synapse connection time, promote cytokine hypersecretion by the defective CTLs and NKs, which in turn result in systemic inflammation. Deciphering the genetics of FHL has contributed towards our understanding of the cell biology of hyperinflammatory responses and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis accompanying pathological conditions such as cancer and viral infections.展开更多
目的:观察乳腺珠蛋白(mammaglobin A,MGBA)负载脐带血来源树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)诱导产生的细胞毒性T细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)对乳腺癌细胞的体外杀伤效果。方法:采集健康剖宫产女性志愿者的脐带血,分离脐带血单个核...目的:观察乳腺珠蛋白(mammaglobin A,MGBA)负载脐带血来源树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)诱导产生的细胞毒性T细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)对乳腺癌细胞的体外杀伤效果。方法:采集健康剖宫产女性志愿者的脐带血,分离脐带血单个核细胞并诱导DC生成,用MGBA致敏DC与自体淋巴细胞共培养诱导CTL。采用流式细胞术测定DC的表型(CD83、CD86、HLADR)变化,ELISA法测定IL-10、IL-12分泌水平,CCK-8法测定CTL对乳腺癌细胞的杀伤活性。结果:成功培养出形态典型、功能成熟的DC,MGBA负载DC诱导的MGBA特异性CTL对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-415产生显著的杀伤效果(P<0.05);加入HLA-I抗体可显著减弱杀伤效果,加入HLA-II抗体细胞毒活性无显著变化,加入HLA-I抗体或HLA-II抗体对正常乳腺细胞的杀伤性均无影响。结论:MGBA能明显加强脐带血DC诱导的CTL对乳腺癌细胞的杀伤活性,该杀伤活性具有MHC限制性。展开更多
文摘Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) remains one of the most common viral pathogens affecting horses worldwide presenting as a persistent infection which can establish latency in nerve ganglia (trigeminal ganglion), lymphoid tissues of the respiratory tract and peripheral blood lymphocytes. EHV-1 infection induces both humoral and cellular immune responses in horses. Virus neutralising antibody, particularly in the nasopharynx, is to kill free virus shed from infected epithelial cells. Hence this antibody has important functions in reducing virus shedding and spreading infection to cohorts. Cellular immune responses, particularly those carried out by cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), have been shown to be effective in killing virus-infected cells in vitro. This review underlines the state of knowledge regarding immunity to EHV-1 and also its interaction with equine lymphocyte. Finally, the review also includes the importance of the viral immediate early (IE) protein in the pathogenesis of EHV-1. This information can be used as the basis for future research.
文摘Mutations in genes encoding a key component of cytotoxic granules, or the machinery for their release, underlie the systemic hyperiflammatory symptoms of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL), a typically pediatric onset autosomal recessive disorder with five known genetic subtypes (FHL1 - 5). FHL1 mutations have been mapped to chromosome 9, while the respective genes mutated in FHL2 (PRF1), FHL3 (UNC13D/Munc13-4), FHL4 (STX11) and FHL5 (STXBP2/ Munc18b/Munc18-2) have been identified. Perforin gene mutation directly affected the cytolytic activity of the cytotoxic granules. All the other FHL mutations appear to affect some aspect of cytotoxic granule exocytosis, resulting in impaired target cell killing by cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and/or natural killer (NK) cells. Recent findings suggest that failure to kill and detach from target cells, and prolonged synapse connection time, promote cytokine hypersecretion by the defective CTLs and NKs, which in turn result in systemic inflammation. Deciphering the genetics of FHL has contributed towards our understanding of the cell biology of hyperinflammatory responses and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis accompanying pathological conditions such as cancer and viral infections.
文摘目的:观察乳腺珠蛋白(mammaglobin A,MGBA)负载脐带血来源树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)诱导产生的细胞毒性T细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)对乳腺癌细胞的体外杀伤效果。方法:采集健康剖宫产女性志愿者的脐带血,分离脐带血单个核细胞并诱导DC生成,用MGBA致敏DC与自体淋巴细胞共培养诱导CTL。采用流式细胞术测定DC的表型(CD83、CD86、HLADR)变化,ELISA法测定IL-10、IL-12分泌水平,CCK-8法测定CTL对乳腺癌细胞的杀伤活性。结果:成功培养出形态典型、功能成熟的DC,MGBA负载DC诱导的MGBA特异性CTL对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-415产生显著的杀伤效果(P<0.05);加入HLA-I抗体可显著减弱杀伤效果,加入HLA-II抗体细胞毒活性无显著变化,加入HLA-I抗体或HLA-II抗体对正常乳腺细胞的杀伤性均无影响。结论:MGBA能明显加强脐带血DC诱导的CTL对乳腺癌细胞的杀伤活性,该杀伤活性具有MHC限制性。
