The DNAfragments about 1 600 bp were amplified using random amplified polymorphism DNA （RAPD） primer OPAl2 with the templates of mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B, and were sequenced. The nucleotide...The DNAfragments about 1 600 bp were amplified using random amplified polymorphism DNA （RAPD） primer OPAl2 with the templates of mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B, and were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences and lengths of the fragments from Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B showed no difference. The precise length of the fragment was 1 588 bp. Sequence characterized amplification region （SCAR） primers were then developed to discriminate the cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） lines and their maintainer lines. A specific 1 588 bp fragment could be amplified with SCAR primers, CHI19F2/CHI19R2 and CHI20F3/CHI23R3, in the mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A, but not Zhenshan 97B. Furthermore, the specific fragment could be also amplified from the total DNA from green leaf tissues of Zhenshan 97A with SCAR primers, but not Zhenshan 97B. With the corresponding primers, the specific fragment could also be amplified from the total DNA of green leaves of other two CMS lines with wild abortive type cytoplasm （CMS-WA）, namely Zhenpin A and Tianfeng A, but not in their maintainer lines. Moreover, using total DNA as template, each of the four pairs of SCAR primers could also be used to amplify the 1 588 bp fragment in CMS-ID （Indonesia paddy type） line 11-32A but not in 11-32B, and the specific fragment was amplified from the DNA of both F1 and F2 seedlings of Shanyou 63. The results of detecting the genetic purity of a man-made mixture of the seeds of Zhenshan 97A using CHI20F3/CHI23R3 were completely consistent with the phenotypes. Taken together, these results indicated that the specific 1 588 bp-fragment amplified by CHI20F3/CHI23R3 was the unique amplification products of CMS mitochondrial DNA, and could be used to distinguish CMS-WA and CMS-ID lines from their corresponding maintainer lines at the seedling stage.展开更多
There are six micronuclear divisions during conjugation of Paramecium caudatum:three prezygotic and three postzygotic divisions.Four haploid nuclei are formed during the first two meiotic prezygotic divisions.Usually ...There are six micronuclear divisions during conjugation of Paramecium caudatum:three prezygotic and three postzygotic divisions.Four haploid nuclei are formed during the first two meiotic prezygotic divisions.Usually only one meiotic product is located in the paroral cone(PC)region at the completion of meiosis,which survives and divides mitotically to complete the third prezygotic division to yield a stationary and a migratory pronucleus.The remaining three located outside of the PC degenerate.The migratory pronuclei are then exchanged between two conjugants and fuse with the stationary pronuclei to form synkarya,which undergo three successive divisions(postzygotic divisions).However,little is known about the surviving mechanism of the PC nuclei.In the current study,stage-specific appearance of cytoplasmic microtubules(cMTs)was indicated during the third prezygotic division by immunofluorescence labeling with anti-alpha tubulin antibodies surrounding the surviving nuclei,including the PC nuclei and the two types of prospective pronuclei.This suggested that cMTs were involved in the formation of a physical barrier,whose function may relate to sequestering and protecting the surviving nuclei from the major cytoplasm,where degeneration of extra-meiotic products occurs,another important nuclear event during the third prezygotic division.展开更多
There are six micronuclear divisions during conjugation of Paramecium caudatum： three prezygotic and three postzygotic divisions. Four haploid nuclei are formed during the first two meiotic prezygotic divisions. Usua...There are six micronuclear divisions during conjugation of Paramecium caudatum： three prezygotic and three postzygotic divisions. Four haploid nuclei are formed during the first two meiotic prezygotic divisions. Usually only one meiotic product is located in the paroral cone （PC） region at the completion of meiosis, which survives and divides mitotically to complete the third prezygotic division to yield a stationary and a migratory pronucleus. The remaining three located outside of the PC degenerate. The migratory pronuclei are then exchanged between two conjugants and fuse with the stationary pronuclei to form synkarya, which undergo three successive divisions （postzygotic divisions）. However, little is known about the surviving mechanism of the PC nuclei. In the current study, stage-specific appearance of cytoplasmic microtubules （cMTs） was indicated during the third prezygotic division by immunofluorescence labeling with anti-alpha tubulin antibodies surrounding the surviving nuclei, including the PC nuclei and the two types of prospective pronuclei. This suggested that cMTs were involved in the formation of a physical barrier, whose function may relate to sequestering and protecting the surviving nuclei from the major cytoplasm, where degeneration of extra-meiotic products occurs, another important nuclear event during the third prezygotic division.展开更多
桑粉虱(Pealius mori)是云南蚕区主要的桑树害虫之一。对滇南至滇西沿线3个蚕桑区7个采样点的桑粉虱种群进行线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因(mt DNA COⅠ)序列分析,应用Dna SP5.0、Arlequin3.1.1.1、Network4.6软件进行桑粉虱样本的...桑粉虱(Pealius mori)是云南蚕区主要的桑树害虫之一。对滇南至滇西沿线3个蚕桑区7个采样点的桑粉虱种群进行线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因(mt DNA COⅠ)序列分析,应用Dna SP5.0、Arlequin3.1.1.1、Network4.6软件进行桑粉虱样本的单倍型、遗传多样性、遗传分化分析。在35个样本的mt DNA COⅠ序列中,检测到23种单倍型,其中20种单倍型分别为7个种群独有;总群体的mt DNA COⅠ序列单倍型多样度(Hd)为0.966,各种群单倍型Hd介于0.700~1.000间;总群体遗传分化指数(FST)为0.747 98,基因流(Nm)为0.17。AMOVA分子变异分析表明桑粉虱的遗传变异主要来自种群间,种群内变异小于种群间变异;总群体及各种群间Tajima’s D中性检验差异不显著,表明桑粉虱群体在近历史时期无群体扩张。构建的单倍型UPGMA聚类树与单倍型网络图显示,桑粉虱单倍型呈明显种群分布格局。依据研究结果初步认为:滇南至滇西沿线7个采样点的桑粉虱种群因遗传漂变产生了较大遗传分化;桑粉虱mt DNA COⅠ序列单倍型呈现明显的地理区域种群分布格局。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2010AA101301)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(Grant No.B08025)+1 种基金the '948' Program of Ministry of Agriculture,China(Grant No.2006-G8[4]-31-1)the Key Project of Scientific Base Qualification Platform of Ministry of Education,China(Grant No.505005)
文摘The DNAfragments about 1 600 bp were amplified using random amplified polymorphism DNA （RAPD） primer OPAl2 with the templates of mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B, and were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences and lengths of the fragments from Zhenshan 97A and Zhenshan 97B showed no difference. The precise length of the fragment was 1 588 bp. Sequence characterized amplification region （SCAR） primers were then developed to discriminate the cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） lines and their maintainer lines. A specific 1 588 bp fragment could be amplified with SCAR primers, CHI19F2/CHI19R2 and CHI20F3/CHI23R3, in the mitochondrial DNA of Zhenshan 97A, but not Zhenshan 97B. Furthermore, the specific fragment could be also amplified from the total DNA from green leaf tissues of Zhenshan 97A with SCAR primers, but not Zhenshan 97B. With the corresponding primers, the specific fragment could also be amplified from the total DNA of green leaves of other two CMS lines with wild abortive type cytoplasm （CMS-WA）, namely Zhenpin A and Tianfeng A, but not in their maintainer lines. Moreover, using total DNA as template, each of the four pairs of SCAR primers could also be used to amplify the 1 588 bp fragment in CMS-ID （Indonesia paddy type） line 11-32A but not in 11-32B, and the specific fragment was amplified from the DNA of both F1 and F2 seedlings of Shanyou 63. The results of detecting the genetic purity of a man-made mixture of the seeds of Zhenshan 97A using CHI20F3/CHI23R3 were completely consistent with the phenotypes. Taken together, these results indicated that the specific 1 588 bp-fragment amplified by CHI20F3/CHI23R3 was the unique amplification products of CMS mitochondrial DNA, and could be used to distinguish CMS-WA and CMS-ID lines from their corresponding maintainer lines at the seedling stage.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071881)Research Development Foundation of Zhejiang A&F University(2009FK67).
文摘There are six micronuclear divisions during conjugation of Paramecium caudatum:three prezygotic and three postzygotic divisions.Four haploid nuclei are formed during the first two meiotic prezygotic divisions.Usually only one meiotic product is located in the paroral cone(PC)region at the completion of meiosis,which survives and divides mitotically to complete the third prezygotic division to yield a stationary and a migratory pronucleus.The remaining three located outside of the PC degenerate.The migratory pronuclei are then exchanged between two conjugants and fuse with the stationary pronuclei to form synkarya,which undergo three successive divisions(postzygotic divisions).However,little is known about the surviving mechanism of the PC nuclei.In the current study,stage-specific appearance of cytoplasmic microtubules(cMTs)was indicated during the third prezygotic division by immunofluorescence labeling with anti-alpha tubulin antibodies surrounding the surviving nuclei,including the PC nuclei and the two types of prospective pronuclei.This suggested that cMTs were involved in the formation of a physical barrier,whose function may relate to sequestering and protecting the surviving nuclei from the major cytoplasm,where degeneration of extra-meiotic products occurs,another important nuclear event during the third prezygotic division.
基金Foundation items： National Natural Science Foundation of China （31071881） Research Development Foundation of Zhejiang A ＆ F University （2009FK67）.
文摘There are six micronuclear divisions during conjugation of Paramecium caudatum： three prezygotic and three postzygotic divisions. Four haploid nuclei are formed during the first two meiotic prezygotic divisions. Usually only one meiotic product is located in the paroral cone （PC） region at the completion of meiosis, which survives and divides mitotically to complete the third prezygotic division to yield a stationary and a migratory pronucleus. The remaining three located outside of the PC degenerate. The migratory pronuclei are then exchanged between two conjugants and fuse with the stationary pronuclei to form synkarya, which undergo three successive divisions （postzygotic divisions）. However, little is known about the surviving mechanism of the PC nuclei. In the current study, stage-specific appearance of cytoplasmic microtubules （cMTs） was indicated during the third prezygotic division by immunofluorescence labeling with anti-alpha tubulin antibodies surrounding the surviving nuclei, including the PC nuclei and the two types of prospective pronuclei. This suggested that cMTs were involved in the formation of a physical barrier, whose function may relate to sequestering and protecting the surviving nuclei from the major cytoplasm, where degeneration of extra-meiotic products occurs, another important nuclear event during the third prezygotic division.
文摘桑粉虱(Pealius mori)是云南蚕区主要的桑树害虫之一。对滇南至滇西沿线3个蚕桑区7个采样点的桑粉虱种群进行线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因(mt DNA COⅠ)序列分析,应用Dna SP5.0、Arlequin3.1.1.1、Network4.6软件进行桑粉虱样本的单倍型、遗传多样性、遗传分化分析。在35个样本的mt DNA COⅠ序列中,检测到23种单倍型,其中20种单倍型分别为7个种群独有;总群体的mt DNA COⅠ序列单倍型多样度(Hd)为0.966,各种群单倍型Hd介于0.700~1.000间;总群体遗传分化指数(FST)为0.747 98,基因流(Nm)为0.17。AMOVA分子变异分析表明桑粉虱的遗传变异主要来自种群间,种群内变异小于种群间变异;总群体及各种群间Tajima’s D中性检验差异不显著,表明桑粉虱群体在近历史时期无群体扩张。构建的单倍型UPGMA聚类树与单倍型网络图显示,桑粉虱单倍型呈明显种群分布格局。依据研究结果初步认为:滇南至滇西沿线7个采样点的桑粉虱种群因遗传漂变产生了较大遗传分化;桑粉虱mt DNA COⅠ序列单倍型呈现明显的地理区域种群分布格局。
