JET has made unique contributions to the physics basis of ITER by virtue ofits ITER-like geometry, large plasma size and D-T capability. The paper discusses recent JET resultsand their implications for ITER in the are...JET has made unique contributions to the physics basis of ITER by virtue ofits ITER-like geometry, large plasma size and D-T capability. The paper discusses recent JET resultsand their implications for ITER in the areas of standard ELMy H-mode, D-T operation and advancedtokamak modes. In ELMy H-mode the separation of plasma energy into core and pedestal contributionsshows that core confinement scales like gyroBohm transport. High triangularity has a beneficialeffect on confinement and leads to an integrated plasma performance exceeding the ITER Q =10reference case. A revised type I ELM scaling predicts acceptable ELM energy losses for ITER, whileprogress in physics understanding of NTMs shows how to control them in ITER. The D-T experiments of1997 have validated ICRF scenarios for heating ITER/a reactor and identified ion minority schemes(e.g. (~3He)DT) with strong ion heating. They also show that the slowing down of alpha particles isclassical so that the self-heating by fusion alphas should cause no unexpected problems. With thePellet Enhanced Performance mode of 1988, JET has produced the first advanced tokamak mode, withpeaked pressure profiles sustained by reversed magnetic shear and strongly reduced transport. Morerecently, LHCD has provided easy tuning of reversed shear and reliable access to ITBs. Improvedphysics understanding shows that rational g-surfaces play a key role in the formation anddevelopment of ITBs. The demonstration of real time feedback control of plasma current and pressureprofiles opens the path towards fully controlled steady-state tokamak plasmas.展开更多
为了实现在临床上快速地为病人建立个体化有限元模型用于正畸治疗的术前预测,研究首先在正常颌型志愿者A的CT数据的基础上建立一个包含皮肤、肌肉和脂肪的通用唇面部软组织三维有限元模型。然后通过选取的面部标志点,使用径向基函数(Rad...为了实现在临床上快速地为病人建立个体化有限元模型用于正畸治疗的术前预测,研究首先在正常颌型志愿者A的CT数据的基础上建立一个包含皮肤、肌肉和脂肪的通用唇面部软组织三维有限元模型。然后通过选取的面部标志点,使用径向基函数(Radial Base Function,RBF)插值法把通用模型变换成志愿者B的唇面部模型而实现通用模型的个体化。结果显示志愿者B的个体化模型和其CT数据在唇面部区域的平均误差在0.47mm左右,而且具有较好的相似度。展开更多
文摘JET has made unique contributions to the physics basis of ITER by virtue ofits ITER-like geometry, large plasma size and D-T capability. The paper discusses recent JET resultsand their implications for ITER in the areas of standard ELMy H-mode, D-T operation and advancedtokamak modes. In ELMy H-mode the separation of plasma energy into core and pedestal contributionsshows that core confinement scales like gyroBohm transport. High triangularity has a beneficialeffect on confinement and leads to an integrated plasma performance exceeding the ITER Q =10reference case. A revised type I ELM scaling predicts acceptable ELM energy losses for ITER, whileprogress in physics understanding of NTMs shows how to control them in ITER. The D-T experiments of1997 have validated ICRF scenarios for heating ITER/a reactor and identified ion minority schemes(e.g. (~3He)DT) with strong ion heating. They also show that the slowing down of alpha particles isclassical so that the self-heating by fusion alphas should cause no unexpected problems. With thePellet Enhanced Performance mode of 1988, JET has produced the first advanced tokamak mode, withpeaked pressure profiles sustained by reversed magnetic shear and strongly reduced transport. Morerecently, LHCD has provided easy tuning of reversed shear and reliable access to ITBs. Improvedphysics understanding shows that rational g-surfaces play a key role in the formation anddevelopment of ITBs. The demonstration of real time feedback control of plasma current and pressureprofiles opens the path towards fully controlled steady-state tokamak plasmas.
文摘为了实现在临床上快速地为病人建立个体化有限元模型用于正畸治疗的术前预测,研究首先在正常颌型志愿者A的CT数据的基础上建立一个包含皮肤、肌肉和脂肪的通用唇面部软组织三维有限元模型。然后通过选取的面部标志点,使用径向基函数(Radial Base Function,RBF)插值法把通用模型变换成志愿者B的唇面部模型而实现通用模型的个体化。结果显示志愿者B的个体化模型和其CT数据在唇面部区域的平均误差在0.47mm左右,而且具有较好的相似度。
