Optical Properties, Electronic Energy Level Structure and Electroluminescent Characteristics of Salicylaldehyde Anil Zinc

A new electroluminescent material, salicylaldehyde anil zinc （SAZ） was synthesized, which can form high quality, thermal stability, nano-scale amorphous films by vacuum evaporation. Its structure, thermal stability were characterized by infrared （IR） spectra, differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry （DTA-TG） analysis, respectively. The optical properties of SAZ were investigated by UV absorption spectra, Photoluminescence （PL） excitation and emission spectra. The highest occupied molecular orbits （HOMO）, lowest unoccupied molecular orbits （LUMO） and optical band gap were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry curve and optical absorption band edge. The electroluminescent devices using SAZ as the emissive layer emit green light with a peak wavelength at 509 nm and a brightness of about 3.1 cd/m^2.

Relativistic Reduction of the Electron-Nucleus Force in Bohr’s Hydrogen Atom and the Time of Electron Transition between the Neighbouring Quantum Energy Levels

The aim of the paper is to get an insight into the time interval of electron emission done between two neighbouring energy levels of the hydrogen atom. To this purpose, in the first step, the formulae of the special relativity are applied to demonstrate the conditions which can annihilate the electrostatic force acting between the nucleus and electron in the atom. This result is obtained when a suitable electron speed entering the Lorentz transformation is combined with the strength of the magnetic field acting normally to the electron orbit in the atom. In the next step, the Maxwell equation characterizing the electromotive force is applied to calculate the time interval connected with the change of the magnetic field necessary to produce the force. It is shown that the time interval obtained from the Maxwell equation, multiplied by the energy change of two neighbouring energy levels considered in the atom, does satisfy the Joule-Lenz formula associated with the quantum electron energy emission rate between the levels.

Calculation of Rydberg energy levels for the francium atom

Based on the weakest bound electron potential model theory, the Rydberg energy levels and quantum defects of the nP^2P^o1/2 （n=7-50） and np^2P^o3/2 （n=7-50） spectrum series for the francium atom are calculated. The calculated results are in excellent agreement with the 48 measured levels, and 40 energy levels for highly excited states are predicted.

Relativistic calculations of fine-structure energy levels of He-like Ar in dense plasmas

The fine-structure energy levels of 1 s2s and 1 s2p atomic states for the He-like Ar ion immersed in dense plasmas are calculated. The ion sphere model is used to describe the plasma screening effect on the tested ion. The influences of the hard sphere confinement and plasma screening on the fine-structure energy levels are investigated respectively. The calculated results show that the confined effect of the hard sphere on the fine-structure energy levels increases with decreasing hard sphere radius, and the plasma screening effect on the fine-structure energy levels increases with the increase of free electron density. In dense plasmas, the confined effect of the hard generally, compared with the contribution from free electron crossing is found among 1 s2s （1 So） and 1 s2p （3P0,1） atomic plasma diagnostics. sphere on the fine-structure energy levels can be neglected screening. An interesting phenomenon about the energy level states. The results reported at the present work are useful for

Energy level of an electron in a saddle-potential quantum dot under a uniform magnetic field obtained by the invariant eigenoperator method

We show that the recently proposed invariant eigenoperator method can be successfully applied to solving the energy levels of an electron in a saddle-potential quantum dot under a uniform magnetic field. The Landau diamagnetism decreases with the value wy2 - wx2 due to the existence of the saddle potential.

De Broglie’s Velocity of Transition between Quantum Levels and the Quantum of the Magnetic Spin Moment Obtained from the Uncertainty Principle for Energy and Time

The De Broglie’s approach to the quantum theory, when combined with the conservation rule of momentum, allows one to calculate the velocity of the electron transition from a quantum state n to its neighbouring state as a function of n. The paper shows, for the case of the harmonic oscillator taken as an example, that the De Broglie’s dependence of the transition velocity on n is equal to the n-dependence of that velocity calculated with the aid of the uncertainty principle for the energy and time. In the next step the minimal distance parameter provided by the uncertainty principle is applied in calculating the magnetic moment of the electron which effectuates its orbital motion in the magnetic field. This application gives readily the electron spin magnetic moment as well as the quantum of the magnetic flux known in superconductors as its result.

Influence of nanomechanical force on the electronic structure of InAs/GaAs quantum dots

We show nanomechanical force is useful to dynamically control the optical response of self-assembled quantum dots, giving a method to shift electron and heavy hole levels, interval of electron and heavy hole energy levels, and the emission wavelength of quantum dots （QDs）. The strain, the electron energy levels, and heavy hole energy levels of InAs/GaAs（001） quantum dots with vertical nanomechanical force are investigated. Both the lattice mismatch and nanomechanical force are considered at the same time. The results show that the hydrostatic and the biaxial strains inside the QDs subjected to nanomechanical force vary with nanomechanical force. That gives the control for tailoring band gaps and optical response. Moreover, due to strain-modified energy, the band edge is also influenced by nanomechanical force. The nanomechanical force is shown to influence the band edge. As is well known, the band offset affects the electronic structure, which shows that the nanomechanical force is proven to be useful to tailor the emission wavelength of QDs. Our research helps to better understand how the nanomechanical force can be used to dynamically control the optics of quantum dots.

Impact of GaNAs strain compensation layer on the electronic structure of InAs/GaAs quantum dots

The strain and electron energy levels of InAs/GaAs（001） quantum dots （QDs） with a GaNAs strain compensation layer （SCL） are investigated. The results show that both the hydrostatic and biaxiai strain inside the QDs with a GaNAs SCL are reduced compared with those with GaAs capping layers. Moreover, most of the compressive strain in the growth surface is compensated by the tensile strain of the GaNAs SCL, which implies that the influence of the strain environment of underlying QDs upon the next-layer QDs＇ growth surface is weak and suggests that the homogeneity and density of QDs can be improved. Our results are consistent with the published experimental literature. A GaNAs SCL is shown to influence the strain and band edge. As is known, the strain and the band offset affect the electronic structure, which shows that the SCL is proved to be useful to tailor the emission wavelength of QDs. Our research helps to better understand how the strain compensation technology can be applied to the growth of stacked QDs, which are useful in solar cells and laser devices.

Low-lying electronic states of CuN calculated by MRCI method

The high accuracy ab initio calculation method of multi-reference configuration interaction（MRCI） is used to compute the low-lying eight electronic states of CuN.The potential energy curves（PECs） of the X;∑;,1;Π,2;∑;,1;△,1;△,1;∑;,1;Π,and;∑;in a range of R=0.1 nm-0.5 nm are obtained and they are goodly asymptotes to the Cu（;S;） + N（;S;） and Cu（;S;）+N（;D;） dissociation limits.All the possible vibrational levels,rotational constants,and spectral constants for the six bound states of X;∑;,1;Π,2;∑;,1;△,1;∑;,and 1;Π are obtained by solving the radial Schrdinger equation of nuclear motion with the Le Roy provided Level 8.0 program.Also the transition dipole moments from the ground state X;∑;to the excited states 1;Π and 2;∑;are calculated and the result indicates that the 2;∑-X;∑ transition has a much higher transition dipole moment than the 1;Π-X;∑;transition even though the l;Π state is much lower in energy than the 2;∑;state.

论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子:涡旋电子波包

回旋电子辐射涡旋电磁波量子的理论模型是量子态涡旋电磁波技术的关键.本文是“论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子”系列论文的第一部分,建立了“涡旋电子波包”相关理论模型.能级跃迁辐射是涡旋电子最自然的辐射之一.为了给出单个涡旋电子回旋辐射产生涡旋电磁波量子机理,本文根据磁场中电子的守恒量推导了恒定磁场中涡旋电子波函数,对相对论电子波包的运动情况做出分析,并通过求解狄拉克方程解释了自旋角动量和轨道角动量在本质上不可分割的情况.另外,在求解过程中根据相对论能量本征方程得到回旋电子在磁场中的横向能级分布,即朗道能级,并仿真得到电子具有确切轨道角动量数时的朗道能级形状.

论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子:涡旋电磁波量子辐射

回旋电子辐射涡旋电磁波量子的理论模型是量子态涡旋电磁波技术的关键.本文为“论回旋电子与涡旋电磁波量子”的第二部分,建立“涡旋电磁波量子辐射”相关理论模型.电子通过能级跃迁能够辐射单个携带内禀OAM(Orbital Angular Momentum)的电磁波量子.为了给出这一辐射机理,推导了非相对论和相对论效应中电子在朗道能级的跃迁概率.由于非相对论效应中朗道能级与内禀OAM模态值的线性关系,电子无论以何种初始状态跃迁都只能辐射平面波量子.相对论效应情况正好相反,可以得到丰富内禀OAM模态值的电磁波量子.在实际工程上,可用特定回旋装置作为产生单个涡旋电磁波量子的辐射源;模态选择上,根据不同内禀OAM模态间具有频率差的特性,利用虹膜嵌入式波导滤波器进行频率筛选,同时选择出特定内禀OAM模态的电磁波量子.最后分析强调了量子态和统计态涡旋电磁波的差异,以及二者在无线传输应用时的优缺点.

Ehrenfest Approach to the Adiabatic Invariants and Calculation of the Intervals of Time Entering the Energy Emission Process in Simple Quantum Systems

In the first step, the Ehrenfest reasoning concerning the adiabatic invariance of the angular orbital momentum is applied to the electron motion in the hydrogen atom. It is demonstrated that the time of the energy emission from the quantum level n+1 to level n can be deduced from the orbital angular momentum examined in the hydrogen atom. This time is found precisely equal to the time interval dictated by the Joule-Lenz law governing the electron transition between the levels n+1 and n. In the next step, the mechanical parameters entering the quantum systems are applied in calculating the time intervals characteristic for the electron transitions. This concerns the neighbouring energy levels in the hydrogen atom as well as the Landau levels in the electron gas submitted to the action of a constant magnetic field.

Left Chiral Solutions for the Hydrogen Atom of the Wave Equation for Electron + Neutrino

The resolution of our wave equation for electron + neutrino is made in the case of the H atom. From two non-classical potentials, we get chiral solutions with the same set of quantum numbers and the same energy levels as those coming from the Dirac equation for the lone electron. These chiral solutions are available for each electronic state in any atom. We discuss the implications of these new potentials.

Intersubband optical absorption of electrons in double parabolic quantum wells of Al_xGa_(1-x)As/Al_yGa_(1-y)As

Some realizable structures of double parabolic quantum wells（DPQWs） consisting of Al_xGa_（1-x）As/Al_yGa_（1-y）As are constructed to discuss theoretically the optical absorption due to the intersubband transition of electrons for both symmetric and asymmetric cases with three energy levels of conduction bands. The electronic states in these structures are obtained using a finite element difference method. Based on a compact density matrix approach, the optical absorption induced by intersubband transition of electrons at room temperature is discussed. The results reveal that the peak positions and heights of intersubband optical absorption coefficients（IOACs） of DPQWs are sensitive to the barrier thickness, depending on Al component. Furthermore, external electric fields result in the decrease of peak, and play an important role in the blue shifts of absorption spectra due to electrons excited from ground state to the first and second excited states. It is found that the peaks of IOACs are smaller in asymmetric DPQWs than in symmetric ones. The results also indicate that the adjustable extent of incident photon energy for DPQW is larger than for a square one of a similar size. Our results are helpful in experiments and device fabrication.

Time of the Energy Emission in the Hydrogen Atom and Its Electrodynamical Background

The time of the energy emission between two neighbouring electron levels in the hydrogen atom has been calculated first on the basis of the quantum aspects of the Joule-Lenz law, next this time is approached with the aid of the electrodynamical parameters characteristic for the electron motion in the atom. Both methods indicate a similar result, namely that the time of emission is close to the time period of the electromagnetic wave produced in course of the emission. As a by-product of calculations, the formula representing the radius of the electron microparticle is obtained from a simple combination of the expressions for the Bohr magnetic moment and a quantum of the magnetic flux.

Co掺杂β-Ga_(2)O_(3)的电学性质和电荷转变能级的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,研究了Co掺杂β-Ga_(2)O_(3)体系的电学性质和转变能级.研究发现,Co原子代替Ga原子后会导致电子结构发生显著变化.利用杂化泛函(HSE06)计算了体系的能带结构,发现随着Co掺杂浓度增加,β-Ga_(2)O_(3)禁带宽度逐渐减小,增加化合物对光的吸收,增强它们的光学性能和载流子输运能力.在β-Ga_(2)O_(3)体系的四面体格位掺入Co原子,将引入了4.00μ的磁矩,磁矩主要来源于Co原子.通过对电子局域函数的分析,可知,Ga,Co和O原子之间是共价键和离子键共同结合.在富镓的条件下,1×3×2超胞模型下,Co掺杂会形成浅受主杂质能级.

金属钨电子逸出功的实验测定与第一性原理计算

金属电子逸出功的测定,等效于对电子势能的测定,其对于了解微观原子结构,特别是修正相关原子结构理论和计算方法有较为重要的意义[1]。逸出功实验过程巧妙结合金属钨晶胞各个能级之间的关系,灵活利用线性拟合特性简化数据关系,在近代物理实验的学习中有着指导性作用。由于不同实验者所测的逸出功之间存在差异,可以合理猜测逸出功的值与实验所用金属钨的晶面有关。因此基于第一性原理,也可直接对不同晶面的金属钨电子逸出功进行理论计算。将实验操作和第一性原理计算所得的金属电子逸出功进行对比,直观地分析不同晶面对金属电子逸出功的影响,为物理实验的学习提供新的思路和方式。

分子轨道理论概念:基础与拓展

分子轨道理论是重要的化学键理论,也是普通化学学习中的难点。本文就初学分子轨道理论常遇到的问题进行了梳理和辨析,对分子轨道理论的应用进行了拓展。通过追溯分子轨道理论的形成和发展,结合化学奥林匹克竞赛试题的要求,进行总结和分析,以加深对分子轨道理论的理解,推动分子轨道理论教学工作的深入。

基于GO电子阻挡层的量子点发光二极管优化

量子点发光二极管高性能的关键是实现空穴与电子之间的电荷平衡。本文将氧化石墨烯(Graphene oxide,GO)引入到量子点发光层和电子传输层之间作为电子阻挡层,通过调节GO的厚度,使器件的亮度提高了96.7%,电流效率提高146%。光电性能的改善主要归因于加入电子阻挡层的能带结构,增大了电子传输层与量子点层之间的能级势垒。研究结果表明,引入GO层能够减少电子的注入数目,从而提高器件性能。

基态原子价壳层电子能级连接性指数与元素的电负性

构建了基态原子价壳层电子能级连接性指数 (mVEI) ,m =0 ,1,2 ,… ,它对基态原子实现唯一性表征 ,其中0 VEI,1VEI对原子具有良好的结构选择性 .以0 VEI,1VEI,价壳层电子总离子化能 ( niEi)和总价电子数 ( ni)为基本参数 ,定义了元素的电负性 :XN=0 .44 40 6 7+1.190 6 5 3(1- 1.32 775 / ni) (0 VEI) - 3.15 46 75 (1VEI) +0 .134 5 91·( niEi/ ni) .用上式给出了周期表中主族元素、副族元素及惰性元素的电负性 .结果表明 ,新电负性标度XN 与目前流行的Pauling标度颇为一致 .进一步从价轨道能级连接性指数确定了碳原子的sp ,sp2 ,sp3 杂化轨道的电负性 .