Study on main contents of design of rock fill dam with face slab

With the development of economy, the adjustment of industrial structure, the improvement of people＇s living standard and the expansion of urbanization, the structure of the city has changed a lot. The proportion of industrial use of electricity decreased year by year, the proportion of household electricity, commercial electricity and public utilities increased year by year, the peak and valley change increased year by year. Therefore, the construction of hydropower project, to improve the current situation of the system of regulating the power grid, has a positive role in promoting. Reinforced rock fill dam with face slab in foreign countries has been built and at the dam more than 50m high dam more than 70 seats, of which more than 100m high dam 18. At present, Brazil estuary aliya rock fill dam is the highest dam in this kind of dam in the world, built in 1980, has been running well. Our reinforced rock fill dam with face slab design and construction technology in the introduction of digestion and absorption of foreign advanced experience in the foundation, the systemic research on a considerable scale. The design level and construction technology of the rock fill dam with face slab in our country have reached the international advanced level by the complete technology of the construction of the 100m level rock fill dam with face slab. This paper mainly from the rock fill dam with face slab, dam type selection and layout of water conservancy project comparison; dam profile design; detail dam; dam high determined; stability analysis; strength calculation; overflow capacity check aspects were studied.

Optimization design of foundation excavation for Xiluodu super-high arch dam in China

With better understanding of the quality and physico-mechanical properties of rocks of dam foundation,and the physico-mechanical properties and structure design of arch dam in association with the foundation excavation of Xiluodu arch dam,the excavation optimization design was proposed for the foundation surface on the basis of feasibility study.Common analysis and numerical analysis results demonstrated the feasibility of using the weakly weathered rocks III1and III2as the foundation surface of super-high arch dam.In view of changes in the geological conditions at the dam foundation along the riverbed direction,the design of extending foundation surface excavation area and using consolidating grouting and optimizing structure of dam bottom was introduced,allowing for harmonization of the arch dam and foundation.Three-dimensional(3D)geomechanics model test and fi nite element analysis results indicated that the dam body and foundation have good overload stability and high bearing capacity.The monitoring data showed that the behaviors of dam and foundation correspond with the designed patterns in the construction period and the initial operation period.

Comparison of Design and Analysis of Concrete Gravity Dam

Gravity dams are solid concrete structures that maintain their stability against design loads from the geometric shape, mass and strength of the concrete. The purposes of dam construction may include navigation, flood damage reduction, hydroelectric power generation, fish and wildlife enhancement, water quality, water supply, and recreation. The design and evaluation of concrete gravity dam for earthquake loading must be based on appropriate criteria that reflect both the desired level of safety and the choice of the design and evaluation procedures. In Bangladesh, the entire country is divided into 3 seismic zones, depending upon the severity of the earthquake intensity. Thus, the main aim of this study is to design high concrete gravity dams based on the U.S.B.R. recommendations in seismic zone II of Bangladesh, for varying horizontal earthquake intensities from 0.10 g - 0.30 g with 0.05 g increment to take into account the uncertainty and severity of earthquake intensities and constant other design loads, and to analyze its stability and stress conditions using analytical 2D gravity method and finite element method. The results of the horizontal earthquake intensity perturbation suggest that the stabilizing moments are found to decrease significantly with the increment of horizontal earthquake intensity while dealing with the U.S.B.R. recommended initial dam section, indicating endanger to the dam stability, thus larger dam section is provided to increase the stabilizing moments and to make it safe against failure. The vertical, principal and shear stresses obtained using ANSYS 5.4 analyses are compared with those obtained using 2D gravity method and found less compares to 2D gravity method, except the principal stresses at the toe of the gravity dam for 0.10 g - 0.15 g. Although, it seems apparently that smaller dam section may be sufficient for stress analyses using ANSYS 5.4, it would not be possible to achieve the required factors of safety with smaller dam section. It is observed during stability analyses that the factor of safety against sliding is satisfied at last than other factors of safety, resulting huge dam section to make it safe against sliding. Thus, it can be concluded that it would not be feasible to construct a concrete gravity dam for horizontal earthquake intensity greater than 0.30 g without changing other loads and or dimension of the dam and keeping provision for drainage gallery to reduce the uplift pressure significantly.

Seismic design of Xiluodu ultra-high arch dam

The 285.5 m-high Xiluodu Arch Dam is located in a seismic region along the Jinsha River in China, where the horizontal components of peak ground accelerations for design and checking earthquakes have been estimated to be 0.355 g and 0.423 g, respectively( g is the gravitational acceleration). The ground motion parameters of design and checking earthquakes are defined by exceedance probabilities of 2% over 100 years and 1% over 100 years, respectively. The dam shape was first selected and optimized through static analysis of the basic load combinations, and then adjusted after taking into account the seismic loads. The dam should be operational during and after the design earthquake with or without minor repairs, and maintain local and global stabilities during an extreme earthquake. Both linear elastic dynamic analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis considering radiation damping, contraction joints, and material nonlinearity were conducted to assess the stress in the arch dam.The dynamic analysis shows that the maximum dynamic compressive stresses are less than the allowable levels, while the area with tensile stress over the limit is less than 15% of the dam surface and the maximum contraction openings range from 10 mm to 25 mm. The arch dam has sufficient earthquake-resistance capacity and meets the safety requirements. Nevertheless, steel reinforcement has been provided at the dam toe and in the zones of high tensile stress on the dam surface out of extra precaution.

Reducing risks in the investigation, design and construction of large concrete dams

An overview of the GeoSafe 2016 Symposium topic is provided using the example of large concrete dams for purposes of illustration.It is essential that the risks associated with large dams be evaluated rigorously and managed proactively at all stages of their lives so that the risk of failure remains As Low As Reasonably Practicable(ALARP).Rock engineering features of large concrete dams that require particular attention,assessment and monitoring during the investigation,design,construction,initial filling,inservice operation,and subsequent repair and upgrade stages of the lives of concrete dams are identified and illustrated by examples from recorded experiences.A number of major concrete dam failures,including that of the St.Francis dam,California,U.S.A.,in 1928,have led to significant developments in rock mechanics and rock engineering knowledge and techniques,as well as in dam design and review processes.More recent advances include a range of analytical,numerical modelling,probabilistic,reliability,failure mode and risk assessment approaches.

超深覆盖层上面板坝防渗墙连接板接缝变形机制及优化分析

针对超深软弱覆盖层上的面板坝工程止水缝安全问题,从变形和应力2个方面开展优化研究,揭示了防渗墙连接板趾板面板防渗体系的变形模式,定位了薄弱位置,提出了优化方案,并量化了工程应用效果.结果表明,防渗墙与趾板间沉降差集中在防渗墙与连接板之间的止水缝处,设置多块连接板无法起到逐步过渡沉降差的作用.防渗墙下游侧设置侧向支撑、制作倾斜形止水缝、趾板下设支撑墙均可减小防渗墙连接板间止水缝沉陷变形.相比垂直止水缝和多块连接板的传统方案,所提的防渗墙顶部拓宽连接板倾斜形止水缝以及防渗墙顶部拓宽倾斜形止水缝趾板下设支撑墙的深厚覆盖层上面板坝防渗体系综合优化方案可使防渗墙与连接板之间止水缝沉陷变形分别减小41.5%和53.8%.

鸭寨水库料场爆破方案设计及评价

结合工程实例,对鸭寨水库工程的坝体石方料开采以及爆破方案进行简要阐述。鸭寨水库沥青心墙土石坝工程区位于贵州省三都县,坝体石料开采条件较差。为满足施工工期,提高工程施工进度和施工效率,根据钻孔揭露地层岩性,采用浅孔与中深孔爆破法相结合的爆破方案,自上而下、分层台阶式施工。通过爆破效果原因分析以及对爆破参数和措施进行改进,有效解决了爆破石料级配不连续的问题。总结和积累的相关施工经验,对推动原岩节理和软弱夹层岩体爆破技术管控措施的改进、土石坝料场等类似工程的爆破方案设计具有一定借鉴意义。

基于混凝土防渗填筑技术的水利大坝工程施工设计研究

针对水利大坝工程混凝土防渗填筑技术施工设计面临的渗透控制问题,研究提出了一种新的混凝土配合比优化方法。该方法通过科学配比混凝土材料,提高了混凝土的抗渗性能,从而有效解决了大坝混凝土渗透问题。研究结果表明,水利大坝水平位移在5个月后趋于平稳,最终位移量约为10 cm。大坝结构稳定,没有出现异常变形或潜在的安全问题。

拱坝体形参数化设计与体形智能优化研究

拱坝体形设计需考虑多个复杂因素,如坝址河谷形状、工程地质条件、区域地震烈度、枢纽布置和泄洪方式等,是一个典型的复杂优化问题。提出了一种通用的拱坝体形参数化设计方法,可统一描述抛物线、双曲线等各类形式的拱坝。采用固定拱端位置,调整拱冠梁位置、形状、拱厚等来驱动拱坝体形变化,实现拱坝自动化建模和有限元应力变形计算。将拱坝体积最小作为优化目标,在几何、应力、稳定等约束下,进行拱坝体形智能优化。采用该方法进行某高拱坝的体形优化,优化效率高、优化效果明显,优化体形的拱坝坝体应力、建基面等效应力等均满足规范要求,柔度系数和应力水平也符合经验建议指标。

土石坝灌浆设计与施工关键技术探讨

心墙堆石坝和面板堆石坝等土石坝坝基灌浆受盖重薄、爆破卸荷、岩体软弱等因素影响,灌浆过程中抬动、劈裂和外漏严重,导致升压灌注和质量保证困难,甚至影响水库正常蓄水。针对建基岩体选择、基础灌浆廊道布置、灌浆孔布置、灌浆与检查压力等关键设计问题进行分析,并结合规范规定和工程实践对灌浆方法、外漏处理、阻塞器选择、抬动控制与升压方式等关键施工工艺和参数进行探讨,提出的帷幕灌浆压力与检查压力确定方法、外漏系统封堵+随机封堵、阻塞器选择原则、基于P与Q关系的“固步升压”灌浆控制等,可供同类工程坝基灌浆参考。

国际水电项目GIN参数设计方法研究

在Lombardi博士的GIN理论基础上,结合世界大坝委员会的坝基设计公报及以往国际水电站工程采用GIN灌浆取得的经验,依托科特迪瓦波波里水电站土石坝帷幕灌浆的实践,阐述了基于坝基岩石质量与压水试验成果的GIN设计值的取值方法,提出了P_(max)、V_(max)值设计时需要考虑的两种边界条件,并通过理论公式计算及实践经验提出了浆液扩散半径的安全保证系数。

充气式橡胶坝的模型试验及有限差分研究

橡胶坝的挡水性能优越,兼具实用性与景观性,被广泛用在城市河流挡水闸坝和溢流坝等领域。充气式橡胶坝相比充水橡胶坝,安装和拆卸更为方便,但目前充气式橡胶坝采用查表法进行粗略设计,过程复杂且存在误差。鉴于此,设计大比尺模型试验测试充气式橡胶坝在充气、挡水条件下的坝袋截面形状和袋体张拉力分布特点。基于有限差分软件建立充气式橡胶坝的力学模型,通过大比尺模型试验和现行设计规范验证了该模型的准确性。分析充气式橡胶坝在挡水过程中横截面几何形状及尺寸、张拉力与上游水位及内部气压之间的关系。结果表明:坝袋宽度B、接地宽度b随上游水位增大呈非线性增加;坝袋高度H、横截面面积A随上游水位增大呈非线性减小。设计工况下,坝袋高度H、横截面面积A随气压增加呈非线性增大,坝袋宽度B、接地宽度b随气压增大呈非线性减小;坝袋张拉力与气压呈正比关系。基于Chapman-Richard曲线模型对设计工况下的几何尺寸、张拉力与内部气压间的关系进行拟合,提出橡胶坝简化设计计算公式,可用于充气式橡胶坝的设计计算。

阆中市华儿湾水库土石坝的设计和施工实践

因取材方便、能适应各种不同的地形地质气候条件等优点,土石坝成为实际工程中最为常用的一种坝型。综合技术经济比较后,阆中市华儿湾水库确定了合理的坝轴线和土石坝坝型。结合地形地质条件,前期设计中优化了坝体断面及分区。施工过程中处理了坝基地质缺陷、修正了坝壳料填筑指标,并初步探讨了坝基灌浆单位水泥耗量超定额的问题。

西藏DG水电站大坝安全监测系统设计

基于相关规程规范和已建工程经验,结合西藏DG水电站坝址区水文地质条件、枢纽工程的布置及各建筑物结构形式,各项安全监测设施的特点,研究建立了大坝自动化安全监测系统。电站下闸蓄水至今,大坝安全监测系统运行正常,变形、位移、渗流等实测资料、现场巡查及相关复核计算成果表明,大坝工作性态正常,满足设计和相应规程规范等要求,自动化安全监测系统可供类似工程设计参考。

基于震害调查的土石坝震陷规律和关键影响因素分析

基于国内外典型地震中155个土石坝地震震害调查样本数据,分析了土石坝震陷规律,并基于灰色关联度分析法对土石坝地震关键影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:震陷率上包线随地震动峰值加速度和震级的增大而增大,随震中距的增大而减小,近场范围内震陷率较大,震中距达到100~150 km时,震陷率已很小;土坝的震陷率上包线值最大,其次是心墙堆石坝,面板堆石坝最小;修建时间越早,震陷率上包线值越大,反映出施工设备和筑坝施工方式的演变所带来的大坝填筑质量的差异;地震动峰值加速度、震级、坝型、修建年份、震中距5项因素对震陷率的影响依次减小,但不存在绝对主导因素。依据震陷规律和关键影响因素分析结果,结合水工抗震规范对土石坝地震残余变形预测和控制进行了讨论,给出了土石坝抗震安全变形控制标准及设计原则,可为土石坝抗震设计、地震残余变形预测和控制提供指导。

中波广播发射机改频系统的设计及实践

本文介绍了中波广播发射机的改频方法和步骤,并结合实际改频工作阐述中波广播发射机改频系统的使用方法,分析了改频中出现的故障与解决办法。在本系统的辅助下,技术人员能快速有效地完成改频工作,为中波广播发射机改频提供技术保障,减轻一线技术人员的维护负担。

BIM在淤地坝除险加固工程设计中的应用

BIM(Building Information Modeling)系统是近些年大型交通工程、建筑工程领域逐渐推广的重要发展理念,Civil 3D、Revit等通用软件的应用引起了工程设计领域的重大变革。本文重点介绍了Civil 3D技术在水土保持淤地坝除险加固工程设计中的具体应用,利用BIM系统的强大建模及管理功能,可以实现设计方案比选更加直观、技术论证更加合理、工程量分析计算更加精准、设计效率更加高效快捷的目的。

一种卸荷板式挡墙在橡胶坝中的应用

依托临沂市罗庄区店子橡胶坝工程,分析了其在右岸现有污水管道无法避让的情况下,常规悬臂式挡土墙或扶壁式挡土墙的不适用性,然后探究一种卸荷板式挡土墙在临沂市罗庄区店子橡胶坝设计过程中的应用。

基于Bentley的重力坝三维参数化设计系统研究

基于Bentley平台的设计软件MicroStation进行二次开发,研究重力坝三维参数化设计系统。建立“模板”“骨架”概念,实现在一个集成系统中完成断面设计、抗滑稳定计算、坝体应力计算、极限状态计算、有限元分析、拦河坝布置、参数化建模、工程量自动统计和三维辅助出图等功能。对转变工程传统的设计模式、提升设计质量与效率、推动工程设计数字化进程具有重要的借鉴意义和实用价值。

基于麻雀搜索算法的重力坝断面优化设计研究

为了降低建造成本,在保证重力坝坝体稳定的前提下,对坝体断面进行优化设计。首先,以坝体断面面积为目标函数,以坝体抗滑稳定、坝踵与坝趾处应力为约束条件,建立重力坝断面优化的数学模型;然后,采用麻雀搜索算法对其进行优化求解;最后,以费县崔家沟水库重力坝为研究对象,将麻雀搜索算法所得到的优化结果与用差分进化算法所得到的优化结果进行分析比较,结果表明:麻雀搜索算法寻优能力更强,对重力坝断面优化的效果更好。