Effect of plasma corona discharges on the pH, whole cell lipids and DNA of bacteria is investigated. Results showed an increase in the acidity levels of water due to plasma reactive species which, however, were not re...Effect of plasma corona discharges on the pH, whole cell lipids and DNA of bacteria is investigated. Results showed an increase in the acidity levels of water due to plasma reactive species which, however, were not responsible for bacterial cell death. No changes in the whole cell lipid contents were observed, while DNA after plasma treatment showed deterioration of the amplified sequences, indicating the possible occurrence of DNA degradation. In conclusion, reactive species produced by plasma discharges affects DNA, possibly contributing to cell death.展开更多
【目的】土壤酸化是耕地质量退化的突出问题,研究主要农作物产量对土壤pH的响应及其影响因素,为土壤酸化防治提供理论依据。【方法】通过“中国知网”、“Web of Science”数据库,分别以玉米(maize)、水稻(rice)、小麦(wheat)、大豆(soy...【目的】土壤酸化是耕地质量退化的突出问题,研究主要农作物产量对土壤pH的响应及其影响因素,为土壤酸化防治提供理论依据。【方法】通过“中国知网”、“Web of Science”数据库,分别以玉米(maize)、水稻(rice)、小麦(wheat)、大豆(soybean)、土壤pH(soil pH)、作物产量(yield)为关键词,获取1980—2020年已公开发表的文献数据。基于国内外大田试验,分析了玉米、水稻、小麦、大豆产量与土壤pH的关系,运用Sigmoid函数计算作物酸害阈值,结合皮尔逊相关性分析与偏相关分析,明确作物酸害阈值的主要影响因素。【结果】1)4种作物产量伴随土壤pH降低均呈“S”型降低趋势;玉米、大豆、小麦和水稻产量95%的酸害阈值分别为pH 5.87、5.34、5.32和4.21。2)作物相对产量与交换性铝呈显著负相关,与土壤pH、交换性钙、钙铝比、有机质、有效磷、化学氮肥施用量呈显著正相关。当土壤pH大于酸害阈值时,作物产量与有机质、有效磷呈显著正相关,当土壤pH小于酸害阈值时,作物产量与土壤pH、交换性钙、钙铝比呈显著正相关,与交换性铝呈显著负相关。3)偏相关分析表明,剔除有机质影响后,相对产量与pH的相关系数升高0.207,交换性铝与相对产量的相关系数升高0.072;剔除有效磷影响后,相对产量与pH的相关系数升高0.085,交换性铝与相对产量的相关系数升高0.147;剔除施氮量影响后,相对产量与pH的相关系数升高0.026,交换性铝与相对产量的相关系数降低0.009。有效磷、有机质和化学氮肥施用量是影响作物产量对土壤pH响应的关键因素。【结论】当土壤pH低于酸害阈值时,较高的有效磷和有机质含量可降低土壤pH对作物产量的不利影响,即有效磷和有机质含量越高,作物酸害越轻。展开更多
研究了采油工程入井液 p H值改变对储层的伤害机理。通过试验对比 ,分析了 p H值升高可能对储层造成伤害的主次因素 ,认为 p H值在大于 1 2的情况下 ,才能使岩石润湿性发生改变 ;而碱敏现象一般在p H值低于 1 2时就可能发生。因此 ,合理...研究了采油工程入井液 p H值改变对储层的伤害机理。通过试验对比 ,分析了 p H值升高可能对储层造成伤害的主次因素 ,认为 p H值在大于 1 2的情况下 ,才能使岩石润湿性发生改变 ;而碱敏现象一般在p H值低于 1 2时就可能发生。因此 ,合理的 p H值应主要依据酸敏和碱敏试验确定。展开更多
Nine fungicides were applied,either through seed-dressing or post-anthesis foliar-spray,to eight winter wheat varieties to understand their influences on the constitution of unsound kernels during the 2017-2018 growth...Nine fungicides were applied,either through seed-dressing or post-anthesis foliar-spray,to eight winter wheat varieties to understand their influences on the constitution of unsound kernels during the 2017-2018 growth season in Funan Experimental Station,Anhui,P.R.China.Three unsound kernel items,i.e.Fusarium-damaged kernels( FDKs),black-germ kernels( BGKs) and pre-harvest sprouted kernels( PHSKs),were measured from the harvested grains.A high percentage of unsound kernels was noticed as 6.00% for FDKs,8.43% for BGKs,and 38.19% for PHSKs due to excessive precipitation during the filling and maturation stages within the season.Fungicide treatments showed positive impacts on the formation of FDKs and BGKs.No significant differences were noticed on the percentage of PHSKs among treatments.The best control efficiency on FDKs,24.63%,was observed in the treatment of‘tebuconazole + prochloraz-manganese chloride complex'.The highest control efficiency on BGKs,31.54%,was achieved by the treatment of‘phenazino-1-carboxylic acid'.Significant differences were noticed among varieties with respect to the constitution of unsound kernels.Under the specific ecological conditions,70%-75% of the final grain quality of wheat was determined by the genotype itself.It was concluded that the genetic resistance or tolerance to relevant fungal pathogens and pre-harvest sprouting was the key factor determining the constitution of unsound wheat kernels,whilst chemical control might function with limited effects when crop was grown under high-pressure or stress conditions.展开更多
文摘Effect of plasma corona discharges on the pH, whole cell lipids and DNA of bacteria is investigated. Results showed an increase in the acidity levels of water due to plasma reactive species which, however, were not responsible for bacterial cell death. No changes in the whole cell lipid contents were observed, while DNA after plasma treatment showed deterioration of the amplified sequences, indicating the possible occurrence of DNA degradation. In conclusion, reactive species produced by plasma discharges affects DNA, possibly contributing to cell death.
文摘【目的】土壤酸化是耕地质量退化的突出问题,研究主要农作物产量对土壤pH的响应及其影响因素,为土壤酸化防治提供理论依据。【方法】通过“中国知网”、“Web of Science”数据库,分别以玉米(maize)、水稻(rice)、小麦(wheat)、大豆(soybean)、土壤pH(soil pH)、作物产量(yield)为关键词,获取1980—2020年已公开发表的文献数据。基于国内外大田试验,分析了玉米、水稻、小麦、大豆产量与土壤pH的关系,运用Sigmoid函数计算作物酸害阈值,结合皮尔逊相关性分析与偏相关分析,明确作物酸害阈值的主要影响因素。【结果】1)4种作物产量伴随土壤pH降低均呈“S”型降低趋势;玉米、大豆、小麦和水稻产量95%的酸害阈值分别为pH 5.87、5.34、5.32和4.21。2)作物相对产量与交换性铝呈显著负相关,与土壤pH、交换性钙、钙铝比、有机质、有效磷、化学氮肥施用量呈显著正相关。当土壤pH大于酸害阈值时,作物产量与有机质、有效磷呈显著正相关,当土壤pH小于酸害阈值时,作物产量与土壤pH、交换性钙、钙铝比呈显著正相关,与交换性铝呈显著负相关。3)偏相关分析表明,剔除有机质影响后,相对产量与pH的相关系数升高0.207,交换性铝与相对产量的相关系数升高0.072;剔除有效磷影响后,相对产量与pH的相关系数升高0.085,交换性铝与相对产量的相关系数升高0.147;剔除施氮量影响后,相对产量与pH的相关系数升高0.026,交换性铝与相对产量的相关系数降低0.009。有效磷、有机质和化学氮肥施用量是影响作物产量对土壤pH响应的关键因素。【结论】当土壤pH低于酸害阈值时,较高的有效磷和有机质含量可降低土壤pH对作物产量的不利影响,即有效磷和有机质含量越高,作物酸害越轻。
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research of the Public Interest(201503112-12)Anhui Special Fund for R&D Project(1704f0704069)+1 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1808085QC87)Sci-tec Innovative Foundation of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(18C0919)
文摘Nine fungicides were applied,either through seed-dressing or post-anthesis foliar-spray,to eight winter wheat varieties to understand their influences on the constitution of unsound kernels during the 2017-2018 growth season in Funan Experimental Station,Anhui,P.R.China.Three unsound kernel items,i.e.Fusarium-damaged kernels( FDKs),black-germ kernels( BGKs) and pre-harvest sprouted kernels( PHSKs),were measured from the harvested grains.A high percentage of unsound kernels was noticed as 6.00% for FDKs,8.43% for BGKs,and 38.19% for PHSKs due to excessive precipitation during the filling and maturation stages within the season.Fungicide treatments showed positive impacts on the formation of FDKs and BGKs.No significant differences were noticed on the percentage of PHSKs among treatments.The best control efficiency on FDKs,24.63%,was observed in the treatment of‘tebuconazole + prochloraz-manganese chloride complex'.The highest control efficiency on BGKs,31.54%,was achieved by the treatment of‘phenazino-1-carboxylic acid'.Significant differences were noticed among varieties with respect to the constitution of unsound kernels.Under the specific ecological conditions,70%-75% of the final grain quality of wheat was determined by the genotype itself.It was concluded that the genetic resistance or tolerance to relevant fungal pathogens and pre-harvest sprouting was the key factor determining the constitution of unsound wheat kernels,whilst chemical control might function with limited effects when crop was grown under high-pressure or stress conditions.
