Numerical Analysis of Doublet Wells for Cold Energy Storage on Heat Damage Treatment in Deep Mines

Deep mining is an inevitable tendency in the development of coal industry. There are many heat damage problems with the increase of mining depth. The technology of using doublet wells, together with Heat Exchange Machine Systems （HEMSs）, to store cold energy is a key to solve the heat damage problems in deep mines. Based on the geological conditions, thermodynamic and hydraulic parameters of Jiahe Mine, the isotherms in the period of cold energy storage and refrigeration and the volumes of cold water within different temperature ranges of the cold energy storage well were numerically analyzed. The results show that 1） with the same pumped and injected water volumes, the lower the temperature of injected water is, the larger the volume.of cold water in the cold energy storage well is. With the larger volume, the effect of cold energy storage is better. 2） the larger the volumes of pumped and reinjected water frigeration is better. And 3） without disturbance, the volume and temperature of cold water in the cold energy storage well can keep unchanged or have only a little change for a long time. Therefore the technology of doublet wells for cold energy storage is feasible and the cold energy storage aquifers can meet the requirement of the technology.

Laser-induced Damage of 355 nm High-reflective Mirror Caused by Nanoscale Defect

Al2O3/SiO2 multilayer high-reflective（HR） mirrors at 355 nm were prepared by electron beam evaporation, and post-irradiated with Ar/O mixture plasma. The surface defect density, reflective spectra, and laser-induced damage characteristics were measured using optical microscopy, spectrophotometry, a damage testing system, and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, respectively. The results indicated that moderate-time of irradiation enhanced the laser-induced damage threshold（LIDT） of the mirror, but prolonged irradiation produced surface defects, resulting in LIDT degradation. LIDT of the mirrors initially increased and subsequently decreased with the plasma processing time. SEM damage morphologies of the mirrors revealed that nanoscale absorbing defects in sub-layers was one of the key factors limiting the improvement of LIDT in 355 nm HR mirror.

Postprocessing treatments to improve the laser damage resistance of fused silica optical surfaces and SiO_2 coatings

The combination of deep wet etching and a magneto-rheological finishing （MRF） process is investigated to simultaneously improve laser damage resistance of a fused-silica surface at 355 nm. The subsequently deposited SiO2 coatings are researched to clarify the impact of substrate finishing technology on the coatings. It is revealed that a deep removal proceeding from the single side or double side had a significant impact on the laser-induced damage threshold （LIDT） of the fused silica, especially for the rear surface. After the deep etching, the MRF process that followed does not actually increase the LIDT, but it does ameliorate the surface qualities without additional LIDT degradation. The combination guarantee both the integrity of the surface＇s finish and the laser damage resistance of the fused silica and subsequent SiO2 coatings.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF TEGUMENTAL DAMAGE IN ADULT SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM AFTER IN VIVO TREATMENT WITH LEVO-PRAZIQUANTEL

The in vivo effects of a single dose of levo-praziquantel,75 mg/kg in PEG 400,on the tegumental surface of adult S.japonicum were compared with the effects of a single dose(150mg/kg) of the mixed isomer preparation,using scanning and transmission electron microscope.Worms were recovered from

Mechanisms of multiple organ damages in acute necrotizing pancreatitis

Abstract:Objective To determine the role of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and evaluate the progress from SIRS to MODS and the therapeutic strategies for acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).Methods Rat ANP models were made by retrograde injection of 3.5% sodium taurocholate 2.5?ml/kg into the pancreatic duct. Serum interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), amylase, endotoxin, and albumin were examined. The morphology and pathology of the pancreas, liver, lung, kidney and heart after ANP were observed. Finally, TNFα mRNA in the liver, lung, kidney and heart after ANP were observed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions, and the efficiency of somatostatin and growth hormone were also observed in this experiment.Results ANP led to remarkable elevation of the inflammatory mediators which were positively correlated with the development of ANP and MODS. Somatostatin and growth hormone inhibited inflammatory mediators and TNFα mRNA overexpressions, reduced the risk of MODS, corrected hypoalbuminemia, reversed negative nitrogen balance, and controlled the reduction of cell groups with functions and reasonably intervened SIRS caused by ANP.Conclusion TNFα mRNA plays an important role in ANP progression. The amelioration of ANP by combination treatment with somatostatin and growth hormone leads to the reduction of complications and marked increase in survival.