基于Damper的方向盘抖动问题优化设计

方向盘是顾客使用频次较高的零部件,受发动机等振源影响,在某些工况下方向盘会出现抖动等让顾客感到不适的问题,本文浅析了某车型方向盘高速抖动的原因,在现有方向盘结构上优化设计,增加Damper吸振器,有效解决了方向盘抖动问题,提升了顾客舒适性。

Seismic control of multi-degrees-of-freedom structures by vertical mass isolation method using MR dampers

Vertical mass isolation(VMI)is one of the novel methods for the seismic control of structures.In this method,the entire structure is assumed to consist of two mass and stiffness subsystems,and an isolated layer is located among them.In this study,the magnetorheological damper in three modes:passive-off,passive-on,and semi-active mode with variable voltage between zero and 9 volts was used as an isolated layer between two subsystems.Multi-degrees-of-freedom structures with 5,10,and 15 floors in two dimensions were examined under 11 pairs of near field earthquakes.On each level,the displacement of MR dampers was taken into account.The responses of maximum displacement,maximum inter-story drift,and maximum base shear in controlled and uncontrolled buildings were compared to assess the suggested approach for seismic control of the structures.According to the results,the semi-active control method can reduce the response by more than 12%compared to the uncontrolled mode in terms of maximum displacement of the mass subsystem of the structures.This method can reduce more than 16%and 20%of the responses compared to the uncontrolled mode in terms of maximum inter-story drift and base shear of the structure,respectively.

Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Performance of Hermetic Diaphragm Squeeze Film Dampers for Gas-Lubricated Bearings

Low damping characteristics have always been a key sticking points in the development of gas bearings.The application of squeeze film dampers can significantly improve the damping performance of gas lubricated bearings.This paper proposed a novel hermetic diaphragm squeeze film damper(HDSFD)for oil-free turbomachinery supported by gas lubricated bearings.Several types of HDSFDs with symmetrical structure were proposed for good damping performance.By considering the compressibility of the damper fluid,based on hydraulic fluid mechanics theory,a dynamic model of HDSFDs under medium is proposed,which successfully reflects the frequency dependence of force coefficients.Based on the dynamic model,the effects of damper fluid viscosity,bulk modulus of damper fluid,thickness of damper fluid film and plunger thickness on the dynamic stiffness and damping of HDSFDs were analyzed.An experimental test rig was assembled and series of experimental studies on HDSFDs were conducted.The damper fluid transverse flow is added to the existing HDSFD concept,which aims to make the dynamic force coefficients independent of frequency.Although the force coefficient is still frequency dependent,the damping coefficient at high frequency excitation with damper fluid supply twice as that without damper fluid supply.The results serve as a benchmark for the calibration of analytical tools under development.

Vibration attenuation performance of wind turbine tower using a prestressed tuned mass damper under seismic excitation

With the rapid development of large megawatt wind turbines,the operation environment of wind turbine towers(WTTs)has become increasingly complex.In particular,seismic excitation can create a resonance response and cause excessive vibration of the WTT.To investigate the vibration attenuation performance of the WTT under seismic excitations,a novel passive vibration control device,called a prestressed tuned mass damper(PS-TMD),is presented in this study.First,a mathematical model is established based on structural dynamics under seismic excitation.Then,the mathematical analytical expression of the dynamic coefficient is deduced,and the parameter design method is obtained by system tuning optimization.Next,based on a theoretical analysis and parameter design,the numerical results showed that the PS-TMD was able to effectively mitigate the resonance under the harmonic basal acceleration.Finally,the time-history analysis method is used to verify the effectiveness of the traditional pendulum tuned mass damper(PTMD)and the novel PS-TMD device,and the results indicate that the vibration attenuation performance of the PS-TMD is better than the PTMD.In addition,the PS-TMD avoids the nonlinear effect due to the large oscillation angle,and has the potential to dissipate hysteretic energy under seismic excitation.

Development and Application of a Power Law Constitutive Model for Eddy Current Dampers

Eddy current dampers (ECDs) have emerged as highly desirable solutions for vibration control due to theirexceptional damping performance and durability. However, the existing constitutive models present challenges tothe widespread implementation of ECD technology, and there is limited availability of finite element analysis (FEA)software capable of accurately modeling the behavior of ECDs. This study addresses these issues by developing anewconstitutivemodel that is both easily understandable and user-friendly for FEAsoftware. By utilizing numericalresults obtained from electromagnetic FEA, a novel power law constitutive model is proposed to capture thenonlinear behavior of ECDs. The effectiveness of the power law constitutive model is validated throughmechanicalproperty tests and numerical seismic analysis. Furthermore, a detailed description of the application process ofthe power law constitutive model in ANSYS FEA software is provided. To facilitate the preliminary design ofECDs, an analytical derivation of energy dissipation and parameter optimization for ECDs under harmonicmotionis performed. The results demonstrate that the power law constitutive model serves as a viable alternative forconducting dynamic analysis using FEA and optimizing parameters for ECDs.

Parameters Optimization and Performance Evaluation of the Tuned Inerter Damper for the Seismic Protection of Adjacent Building Structures

In order to improve the seismic performance of adjacent buildings,two types of tuned inerter damper(TID)damping systems for adjacent buildings are proposed,which are composed of springs,inerter devices and dampers in serial or in parallel.The dynamic equations of TID adjacent building damping systems were derived,and the H2 norm criterion was used to optimize and adjust them,so that the system had the optimum damping performance under white noise random excitation.Taking TID frequency ratio and damping ratio as optimization parameters,the optimum analytical solutions of the displacement frequency response of the undamped structure under white noise excitation were obtained.The results showed that compared with the classic TMD,TID could obtain a better damping effect in the adjacent buildings.Comparing the TIDs composed of serial or parallel,it was found that the parallel TIDs had more significant advantages in controlling the peak displacement frequency response,while the H2 norm of the displacement frequency response of the damping system under the coupling of serial TID was smaller.Taking the adjacent building composed of two ten-story frame structures as an example,the displacement and energy collection time history analysis of the adjacent building coupled with the optimum design parameter TIDs were carried out.It was found that TID had a better damping effect in the full-time range compared with the classic TMD.This paper also studied the potential power of TID in adjacent buildings,which can be converted into available power resources during earthquakes.

超高层Tuned Mass Damper防震支撑系统技术研究应用

超高层建筑是现代城市建设的重要标志之一,其高度已经超过了传统建筑的极限。然而,随着建筑高度不断增加,地震的破坏力也越来越强,超高层建筑面临着更加严峻的安全挑战。因此,研究超高层建筑防震支撑系统技术非常重要,Tuned Mass Damper(TMD)是一种被广泛研究和应用的超高层建筑防震支撑系统技术,TMD最初是在20世纪60年代提出的,最早应用于桥梁上,后来,TMD被引入到建筑领域,并得到广泛的应用。通过精确调节质量、阻尼和弹性等参数来削弱地震引起的建筑物减震效应,从而减少了建筑物因地震造成的损害和崩塌的风险.

Application of computational fluid dynamics in design of viscous dampers-CFD modeling and full-scale dynamic testing

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)provides a powerful tool for investigating complicated fluid flows.This paper aims to study the applicability of CFD in the preliminary design of linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers.Two fluid viscous dampers were designed based on CFD models.The first device was a linear viscous damper with straight orifices.The second was a nonlinear viscous damper containing a one-way pressure-responsive valve inside its orifices.Both dampers were detailed based on CFD simulations,and their internal fluid flows were investigated.Full-scale specimens of both dampers were manufactured and tested under dynamic loads.According to the tests results,both dampers demonstrate stable cyclic behaviors,and as expected,the nonlinear damper generally tends to dissipate more energy compared to its linear counterpart.Good compatibility was achieved between the experimentally measured damper force-velocity curves and those estimated from CFD analyses.Using a thermography camera,a rise in temperature of the dampers was measured during the tests.It was found that output force of the manufactured devices was virtually independent of temperature even during long duration loadings.Accordingly,temperature dependence can be ignored in CFD models,because a reliable temperature compensator mechanism was used(or intended to be used)by the damper manufacturer.

Variable stiffness tuned particle dampers for vibration control of cantilever boring bars

This research proposes a novel type of variable stiffness tuned particle damper(TPD)for reducing vibrations in boring bars.The TPD integrates the developments of particle damping and dynamical vibration absorber,whose frequency tuning principle is established through an equivalent theoretical model.Based on the multiphase flow theory of gas-solid,it is effective to obtain the equivalent damping and stiffness of the particle damping.The dynamic equations of the coupled system,consisting of a boring bar with the TPD,are built by Hamilton’s principle.The vibration suppression of the TPD is assessed by calculating the amplitude responses of the boring bar both with and without the TPD by the Newmark-beta algorithm.Moreover,an improvement is proposed to the existing gas-solid flow theory,and a comparative analysis of introducing the stiffness term on the damping effect is presented.The parameters of the TPD are optimized by the genetic algorithm,and the results indicate that the optimized TPD effectively reduces the peak response of the boring bar system.

Ideal Drift Response Curve for Robust Optimal Damper Design for Elastic-Plastic MDOF Structures under Multi-Level Earthquakes Dedicated to Professor Karl S.Pister for his 95th birthday

A new method of robust damper design is presented for elastic-plastic multi-degree-of-freedom(MDOF)building structures under multi-level ground motions(GMs).This method realizes a design that is effective for various levels of GMs.The robustness of a design is measured by an incremental dynamic analysis(IDA)curve and an ideal drift response curve(IDRC).The IDRC is a plot of the optimized maximum deformation under a constraint on the total damper quantity vs.the design level of the GMs.The total damper quantity corresponds to the total cost of the added dampers.First,a problem of generation of IDRCs is stated.Then,its solution algorithm,which consists of the sensitivity-based algorithm(SBA)and a local search method,is proposed.In the application of the SBA,the passive added dampers are removed sequentially under the specified-level GMs.On the other hand,the proposed local search method can search the optimal solutions for a constant total damper quantity under GMs’increased levels.In this way,combining these two algorithms enables the comprehensive search of the optimal solutions for various conditions of the status of the GMs and the total damper quantity.The influence of selecting the type of added dampers(oil,hysteretic,and so on)and the selection of the input GMs on the IDRCs are investigated.Finally,a robust optimal design problem is formulated,and a simple local search-based algorithm is proposed.A simple index using the IDRC and the IDA curve of the model is used as the objective function.It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm works well in spite of its simplicity.

H∞ Control for Externally Excited Building Structures with Active Mass Damper under Actuator Saturation

This paper investigates the application of active mass dampers to mitigate the vibrations of building structures subjected to unknown external excitations under controller saturation conditions. By utilizing an H∞ control strategy, the optimal state feedback controller is derived by solving the linear matrix inequality problem for controller saturation. Case studies show that the proposed controller is capable of stabilizing the closed-loop system with good control performance and effectively suppressing vibrations in building structures under unknown external excitation. When compared to controllers that do not consider saturation, the proposed controller requires lower gain and results in reduced energy consumption. The research findings provide valuable insights for addressing real-world building structure control problems, contributing to both theoretical significance and practical applications.

Equivalent damping of SDOF structure with Maxwell damper

To predict the maximum earthquake response of an SDOF structure with a Maxwell fluid damper or supplemental brace-viscous damper system using the seismic design response spectrum technique,a new approach is presented to determine the first-and second-order equivalent viscous damping and stiffness,the peak responses,and the damper force of the above structure.Based on the fact that the dynamic characteristics of a general linear viscoelastically damped structure are fully determined by its free vibration properties and the relaxation time constants of a Maxwell fluid damper and supplemental brace-viscous damper system in engineering practice are all small,the method of improved multiple time scales and the equivalent criterion in which all free vibration properties are the same are used to obtain the first-and second-order equivalent viscous damping and stiffness of the above structure in closed form.The accuracy of the proposed method is higher and significantly better than that of the modal strain energy method.Furthermore,in the parametric range of the requirements of the Chinese ＂Code for Seismic Design of Buildings＂,the error of the proposed second-order equivalent system for the abovementioned engineering structure is not more than 0.5%.

Efficiency of the motion amplification device with viscous dampers and its application in high-rise buildings

After nearly a decade of application and investigation, a motion amplification device with viscous dampers for energy dissipation has been recognized as an effective solution to mitigate wind or seismic excitation, especially for stiff structural systems. As a result of compensation of amplified motion, it has been proved that the efficiency of viscous damper largely depends on the motion amplification device configuration, particularly for device stiflhess. In this paper, a ＂scissor-jack＂ type of motion amplification device, called a ＂toggle brace damper＂ system, is studied. It is demonstrated that the efficiency of such a device reflected by its amplification factor is not merely a function of its geometric configuration, but is highly dependent on the support elements＇ stiffness as well, similar to the mechanism of a leverage arm. Accordingly, a mathematical model in terms of complex modulus of the viscous damper with consideration of the support brace＇s stiffness is established. The results indicate that the efficiency of the motion amplification device with viscous dampers significantly depends on the stiffness of the support elements. Other parameters, such as toggle brace configuration and damping values of the viscous damper, are studied and compared. As an application example, numerical analyses are conducted to study the dynamic performance of a 39-story office tower installed with toggle brace dampers constructed on soft soil in a reclaimed area, under a combined effect of the vortex shedding of an adjacent existing 52-story building and earthquakes. The results show that viscous dampers with a motion amplification system using a properly designed toggle brace device proved to be an effective solution to alleviate the external excitations.

Suppression of multiple modal resonances of a cantilever beam by an impact damper

Impact dampers are usually used to suppress single mode resonance. The goal of this paper is to clarify the difference when the impact damper suppresses the resonances of different modes. A cantilever beam equipped with the impact damper is modeled. The elastic contact of the ball and the cantilever beam is described by using the Hertz contact model. The viscous damper between the ball and the cantilever beam is modeled to consume the vibrational energy of the cantilever beam. A piecewise ordinary differential-partial differential equation of the cantilever beam is established, including equations with and without the impact damper. The vibration responses of the cantilever beam with and without the impact damper are numerically calculated. The effects of the impact absorber parameters on the vibration reduction are examined. The results show that multiple resonance peaks of the cantilever beam can be effectively suppressed by the impact damper. Specifically, all resonance amplitudes can be reduced by a larger weight ball. Moreover, the impacting gap is very effective in suppressing the vibration of the cantilever beam. More importantly, there is an optimal impacting gap for each resonance mode of the cantilever beam, but the optimal gap for each mode is different.

Performance evaluation of a novel rotational damper for structural reinforcement steel frames subjected to lateral excitations

In this study,a novel rotational damper called a Rotational Friction Viscoelastic Damper(RFVD) is introduced.Some viscoelastic pads are added to the Rotational Friction Damper(RFD) in addition to the friction discs used in this conventional device.Consequently,the amount of energy dissipated by the damper increases in low excitation frequencies.In fact,the input energy to the structure is simultaneously dissipated in the form of friction and heat by frictional discs and viscoelastic pads.In order to compare the performance of this novel damper with the earlier types,a set of experiments were carried out.According to the test results,the RFVD showed a better performance in dissipating input energy to the structure when compared to the RFD.The seismic behavior of steel frames equipped with these dampers was also numerically evaluated based on a nonlinear time history analysis.The numerical results verifi ed the performance of the dampers in increasing the energy dissipation and decreasing the energy input to the structural elements.In order to achieve the maximum dissipated energy,the dampers need to be installed in certain places called critical points in the structure.An appropriate approach is presented to properly fi nd these points.Finally,the performance of the RFVDs installed at these critical points was investigated in comparison to some other confi gurations and the validity of the suggested method in increasing the energy dissipation was confi rmed.

An experimental study of in-plane arch-shaped dampers

As an effort to minimize material utilization, seismic steel dampers designed to deform inelastically in an in-plane flexural mode have attracted serious attention recently. This paper presents a new type of metallic yielding damper referred to as the in-plane arch-shaped damper modified from its portal frame-shaped counterpart by replacing the straight beam with a circular arch to minimize the effects of stress concentration and warping, and therefore to avoid premature failure. Component tests of both the portal frame-shaped and arch-shaped in-plane dampers were conducted for comparison. Hysteresis loops obtained from the component tests under cyclic loads indicate substantial improvement on the energydissipative characteristics of the proposed damper. Moreover, seismic performance assessment of the proposed damper was carried out further via shaking table tests of a five-story model frame. Encouraging results have been achieved in terms of acceleration reduction, damping enhancement and peak suppression of the frequency response functions, suggesting the potential of the proposed device to be used in earthquake-resisting systems.

Seismic response control with density-variable tuned liquid dampers

In this paper, the seismic effectiveness of a density-variable tuned liquid damper （DVTLD） with a sloping bottom is experimentally investigated through a series of shake table tests on a 1/4-scale, 3-story frame structure and numerically simulated by a new semi-analytical model. Special attention was given to reducing the first peak and maximum response under near- and far-field ground motions, and the robustness of a density-variable control system consisting of multiple DVTLDs with closely-spaced frequencies. Adaptable to earthquake excitations, the density-variable control system has been demonstrated to be more effective and more robust than its corresponding traditional tuned liquid damper in suppressing story drift and floor acceleration of the structure. Numerical simulations of the DVTLD-controlled structure agreed very well in phase with experimental results but somewhat overestimated the amplitude of the structural response.

A new lever-type variable friction damper for freight bogies used in heavy haul railway

To overcome defects caused by the complex structure and unstable damping performance of the wedge- type damper, a new lever-type friction damper has been developed for use in freight bogies; the design allows the advantages of traditional three-piece bogies to be retained. A detailed description of the structure and mechanism of the lever-type damper is provided, followed by a stress analysis using the finite element method. Dynamic per- formance characteristics of the lever-type damper and the wedge-type damper are compared in terms of the nonlinear critical speed, riding index, and curve negotiation. The results indicate that the maximum stress of the lever remains below its yield limit. The lever-type car has higher running performance reliability, and achieves similar nonlinear critical speed, riding index, and curve negotiation when compared with the wedge-type car.

Semi-active control for vibration attenuation of vehicle suspension with symmetric MR damper

A semi-active force tracking PI controller is formulated and analyzed for a magnetorheological (MR) fluid-based damper in conjunction with a quarter-vehicle model. Two different models of the MR-damper are integrated into the closed-loop system model, which includes: a model based upon the mean force-velocity (f-v) behaviour; and a model synthesis comprising inherent nonsmooth hysteretic force and the force limiting properties of the MR damper. The vehicle models are analyzed to study the vibration attenuation performance of the MR-damper using the semi-active force tracking PI control algorithm. The simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the influence of the damper nonlinearity, specifically the hysteresis, on the suspension performance. The results show that the proposed control strategy can yield superior vibration attenuation performance of the vehicle suspension actuated by the controllable MR-damper not only in the sprung mass resonance and the ride zones, but also in the vicinity of the wheel-hop. The results further show that the presence of damper hystersis deteriorates the suspension performance.

NEURAL NETWORK REALIZATION OF STRUCTURAL VIBRATION CONTROL USING MR DAMPER

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers are one of the most promising new devices for civil infrastructural vibration control applications. However, due to their highly nonlinear dynamic behavior, it is very difficult to obtain of a mathematical model of inverse MR damper that has an explicit relationship between the desired damper force and the command signal (voltage). This force voltage relationship is especially required for the structural vibration control design and simulation using MR dampers. This paper focuses on using a neural network (NN) technique to emulate the inverse MR damper model. The output of the neural network can be used to command the MR damper for generating desired forces. Numerical simulations are also presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this inverse model in semi active vibration control using MR dampers.