A novel method for clustering cellular data to improve classification

Many fields,such as neuroscience,are experiencing the vast prolife ration of cellular data,underscoring the need fo r organizing and interpreting large datasets.A popular approach partitions data into manageable subsets via hierarchical clustering,but objective methods to determine the appropriate classification granularity are missing.We recently introduced a technique to systematically identify when to stop subdividing clusters based on the fundamental principle that cells must differ more between than within clusters.Here we present the corresponding protocol to classify cellular datasets by combining datadriven unsupervised hierarchical clustering with statistical testing.These general-purpose functions are applicable to any cellular dataset that can be organized as two-dimensional matrices of numerical values,including molecula r,physiological,and anatomical datasets.We demonstrate the protocol using cellular data from the Janelia MouseLight project to chara cterize morphological aspects of neurons.

Synthetic data as an investigative tool in hypertension and renal diseases research

There is a growing body of clinical research on the utility of synthetic data derivatives,an emerging research tool in medicine.In nephrology,clinicians can use machine learning and artificial intelligence as powerful aids in their clinical decision-making while also preserving patient privacy.This is especially important given the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease,renal oncology,and hypertension worldwide.However,there remains a need to create a framework for guidance regarding how to better utilize synthetic data as a practical application in this research.

基于re3data的中英科学数据仓储平台对比研究

以re3data为数据获取源,选取中英两国406个科学数据仓储为研究对象,从分布特征、责任类型、仓储许可、技术标准及质量标准等5个方面、11个指标对两国科学数据仓储的建设情况进行对比分析,试图为我国数据仓储的可持续发展提出建议:广泛联结国内外异质机构,推进多学科领域的交流与合作,有效扩充仓储许可权限与类型,优化技术标准的应用现况,提高元数据使用的灵活性。

Fluctuation Analysis of Decoy State QKD with Finite Data-Set Size

Decoy state method quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the promising practical solutions for BB84QKD with coherent light pulses.The number of data-set size in practical QKD protocol is always finite,which will causestatistical fluctuations.In this paper,we apply absolutely statistical fluctuation to amend the yield and error rate of thequantum state.The relationship between exchanged number of quantum signals and key generation rate is analyzed inour simulation,which offers a useful reference for experiment.

Runtime reconfiguration of data services for dealing with out-of-range stream fluctuation in cloud-edge environments

The integration of cloud and IoT edge devices is of significance in reducing the latency of IoT stream data processing by moving services closer to the edge-end.In this connection,a key issue is to determine when and where services should be deployed.Common service deployment strategies used to be static based on the rules defined at the design time.However,dynamically changing IoT environments bring about unexpected situations such as out-of-range stream fluctuation,where the static service deployment solutions are not efficient.In this paper,we propose a dynamic service deployment mechanism based on the prediction of upcoming stream data.To effectively predict upcoming workloads,we combine the online machine learning methods with an online optimization algorithm for service deployment.A simulation-based evaluation demonstrates that,compared with those state-of-the art approaches,the approach proposed in this paper has a lower latency of stream processing.

Analysis of the Diffractive Deep Inelastic Scattering Data with Running Coupling and Gluon Number Fluctuations

We study the effects of running coupling and gluon number fluctuations in the latest diffractive deep inelastic scattering data. It is found that the description of the data is improved once the running coupling and gluon number fluctuations are included with x2/d.o.f. = 0.867, x2/d.o.f. = 0.923 and x2/d.o.f. = 0.878 for three different groups of experimental data. The values of diffusive coefficient subtracted from the fit are smaller than the ones obtained by considering only the gluon number fluctuations in our previous studies. The smaller values of the diffusive coefficient are in agreement with the theoretical predictions, where the gluon number fluctuations are suppressed by the running coupling which leads to smaller values of the diffusive coefficient.

Magnetic Field Fluctuations in the Solar Wind, Foreshock and Magnetosheath:Cluster Data Analysis

46 magnetosheath crossing events from the two years (2001.2-2003.1) of Cluster magnetic field measurements are identified and used to investigate the characters of the magnetic field fluctuations in the regions of undisturbed solar wind, foreshock, magnetosheath. The preliminary results indicate the properties of the plasma turbulence in the magnetosheath are strongly controlled by IMF orientation with respect to the bow shock normal. The amplitude of the magnetic field magnitude and direction variations behind quasiparallel bow shock are larger than those behind quasi-perpendicular bow shock. Almost purely compressional waves are found in quasi-perpendicular magnetosheath.

Hadoop-based secure storage solution for big data in cloud computing environment

In order to address the problems of the single encryption algorithm,such as low encryption efficiency and unreliable metadata for static data storage of big data platforms in the cloud computing environment,we propose a Hadoop based big data secure storage scheme.Firstly,in order to disperse the NameNode service from a single server to multiple servers,we combine HDFS federation and HDFS high-availability mechanisms,and use the Zookeeper distributed coordination mechanism to coordinate each node to achieve dual-channel storage.Then,we improve the ECC encryption algorithm for the encryption of ordinary data,and adopt a homomorphic encryption algorithm to encrypt data that needs to be calculated.To accelerate the encryption,we adopt the dualthread encryption mode.Finally,the HDFS control module is designed to combine the encryption algorithm with the storage model.Experimental results show that the proposed solution solves the problem of a single point of failure of metadata,performs well in terms of metadata reliability,and can realize the fault tolerance of the server.The improved encryption algorithm integrates the dual-channel storage mode,and the encryption storage efficiency improves by 27.6% on average.

Data Secure Storage Mechanism for IIoT Based on Blockchain

With the development of Industry 4.0 and big data technology,the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)is hampered by inherent issues such as privacy,security,and fault tolerance,which pose certain challenges to the rapid development of IIoT.Blockchain technology has immutability,decentralization,and autonomy,which can greatly improve the inherent defects of the IIoT.In the traditional blockchain,data is stored in a Merkle tree.As data continues to grow,the scale of proofs used to validate it grows,threatening the efficiency,security,and reliability of blockchain-based IIoT.Accordingly,this paper first analyzes the inefficiency of the traditional blockchain structure in verifying the integrity and correctness of data.To solve this problem,a new Vector Commitment(VC)structure,Partition Vector Commitment(PVC),is proposed by improving the traditional VC structure.Secondly,this paper uses PVC instead of the Merkle tree to store big data generated by IIoT.PVC can improve the efficiency of traditional VC in the process of commitment and opening.Finally,this paper uses PVC to build a blockchain-based IIoT data security storage mechanism and carries out a comparative analysis of experiments.This mechanism can greatly reduce communication loss and maximize the rational use of storage space,which is of great significance for maintaining the security and stability of blockchain-based IIoT.

Defect Detection Model Using Time Series Data Augmentation and Transformation

Time-series data provide important information in many fields,and their processing and analysis have been the focus of much research.However,detecting anomalies is very difficult due to data imbalance,temporal dependence,and noise.Therefore,methodologies for data augmentation and conversion of time series data into images for analysis have been studied.This paper proposes a fault detection model that uses time series data augmentation and transformation to address the problems of data imbalance,temporal dependence,and robustness to noise.The method of data augmentation is set as the addition of noise.It involves adding Gaussian noise,with the noise level set to 0.002,to maximize the generalization performance of the model.In addition,we use the Markov Transition Field(MTF)method to effectively visualize the dynamic transitions of the data while converting the time series data into images.It enables the identification of patterns in time series data and assists in capturing the sequential dependencies of the data.For anomaly detection,the PatchCore model is applied to show excellent performance,and the detected anomaly areas are represented as heat maps.It allows for the detection of anomalies,and by applying an anomaly map to the original image,it is possible to capture the areas where anomalies occur.The performance evaluation shows that both F1-score and Accuracy are high when time series data is converted to images.Additionally,when processed as images rather than as time series data,there was a significant reduction in both the size of the data and the training time.The proposed method can provide an important springboard for research in the field of anomaly detection using time series data.Besides,it helps solve problems such as analyzing complex patterns in data lightweight.

Enhanced prediction of anisotropic deformation behavior using machine learning with data augmentation

Mg alloys possess an inherent plastic anisotropy owing to the selective activation of deformation mechanisms depending on the loading condition.This characteristic results in a diverse range of flow curves that vary with a deformation condition.This study proposes a novel approach for accurately predicting an anisotropic deformation behavior of wrought Mg alloys using machine learning(ML)with data augmentation.The developed model combines four key strategies from data science:learning the entire flow curves,generative adversarial networks(GAN),algorithm-driven hyperparameter tuning,and gated recurrent unit(GRU)architecture.The proposed model,namely GAN-aided GRU,was extensively evaluated for various predictive scenarios,such as interpolation,extrapolation,and a limited dataset size.The model exhibited significant predictability and improved generalizability for estimating the anisotropic compressive behavior of ZK60 Mg alloys under 11 annealing conditions and for three loading directions.The GAN-aided GRU results were superior to those of previous ML models and constitutive equations.The superior performance was attributed to hyperparameter optimization,GAN-based data augmentation,and the inherent predictivity of the GRU for extrapolation.As a first attempt to employ ML techniques other than artificial neural networks,this study proposes a novel perspective on predicting the anisotropic deformation behaviors of wrought Mg alloys.

Reliability evaluation of IGBT power module on electric vehicle using big data

There are challenges to the reliability evaluation for insulated gate bipolar transistors(IGBT)on electric vehicles,such as junction temperature measurement,computational and storage resources.In this paper,a junction temperature estimation approach based on neural network without additional cost is proposed and the lifetime calculation for IGBT using electric vehicle big data is performed.The direct current(DC)voltage,operation current,switching frequency,negative thermal coefficient thermistor(NTC)temperature and IGBT lifetime are inputs.And the junction temperature(T_(j))is output.With the rain flow counting method,the classified irregular temperatures are brought into the life model for the failure cycles.The fatigue accumulation method is then used to calculate the IGBT lifetime.To solve the limited computational and storage resources of electric vehicle controllers,the operation of IGBT lifetime calculation is running on a big data platform.The lifetime is then transmitted wirelessly to electric vehicles as input for neural network.Thus the junction temperature of IGBT under long-term operating conditions can be accurately estimated.A test platform of the motor controller combined with the vehicle big data server is built for the IGBT accelerated aging test.Subsequently,the IGBT lifetime predictions are derived from the junction temperature estimation by the neural network method and the thermal network method.The experiment shows that the lifetime prediction based on a neural network with big data demonstrates a higher accuracy than that of the thermal network,which improves the reliability evaluation of system.

Detection of Turbulence Anomalies Using a Symbolic Classifier Algorithm in Airborne Quick Access Record(QAR)Data Analysis

As the risks associated with air turbulence are intensified by climate change and the growth of the aviation industry,it has become imperative to monitor and mitigate these threats to ensure civil aviation safety.The eddy dissipation rate(EDR)has been established as the standard metric for quantifying turbulence in civil aviation.This study aims to explore a universally applicable symbolic classification approach based on genetic programming to detect turbulence anomalies using quick access recorder(QAR)data.The detection of atmospheric turbulence is approached as an anomaly detection problem.Comparative evaluations demonstrate that this approach performs on par with direct EDR calculation methods in identifying turbulence events.Moreover,comparisons with alternative machine learning techniques indicate that the proposed technique is the optimal methodology currently available.In summary,the use of symbolic classification via genetic programming enables accurate turbulence detection from QAR data,comparable to that with established EDR approaches and surpassing that achieved with machine learning algorithms.This finding highlights the potential of integrating symbolic classifiers into turbulence monitoring systems to enhance civil aviation safety amidst rising environmental and operational hazards.

Spatiotemporal deformation characteristics of Outang landslide and identification of triggering factors using data mining

Since the impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)in 2003,numerous slopes have experienced noticeable movement or destabilization owing to reservoir level changes and seasonal rainfall.One case is the Outang landslide,a large-scale and active landslide,on the south bank of the Yangtze River.The latest monitoring data and site investigations available are analyzed to establish spatial and temporal landslide deformation characteristics.Data mining technology,including the two-step clustering and Apriori algorithm,is then used to identify the dominant triggers of landslide movement.In the data mining process,the two-step clustering method clusters the candidate triggers and displacement rate into several groups,and the Apriori algorithm generates correlation criteria for the cause-and-effect.The analysis considers multiple locations of the landslide and incorporates two types of time scales:longterm deformation on a monthly basis and short-term deformation on a daily basis.This analysis shows that the deformations of the Outang landslide are driven by both rainfall and reservoir water while its deformation varies spatiotemporally mainly due to the difference in local responses to hydrological factors.The data mining results reveal different dominant triggering factors depending on the monitoring frequency:the monthly and bi-monthly cumulative rainfall control the monthly deformation,and the 10-d cumulative rainfall and the 5-d cumulative drop of water level in the reservoir dominate the daily deformation of the landslide.It is concluded that the spatiotemporal deformation pattern and data mining rules associated with precipitation and reservoir water level have the potential to be broadly implemented for improving landslide prevention and control in the dam reservoirs and other landslideprone areas.

Benchmark experiment on slab^(238)U with D-T neutrons for validation of evaluated nuclear data

A benchmark experiment on^(238)U slab samples was conducted using a deuterium-tritium neutron source at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.The leakage neutron spectra within energy levels of 0.8-16 MeV at 60°and 120°were measured using the time-of-flight method.The samples were prepared as rectangular slabs with a 30 cm square base and thicknesses of 3,6,and 9 cm.The leakage neutron spectra were also calculated using the MCNP-4C program based on the latest evaluated files of^(238)U evaluated neutron data from CENDL-3.2,ENDF/B-Ⅷ.0,JENDL-5.0,and JEFF-3.3.Based on the comparison,the deficiencies and improvements in^(238)U evaluated nuclear data were analyzed.The results showed the following.(1)The calculated results for CENDL-3.2 significantly overestimated the measurements in the energy interval of elastic scattering at 60°and 120°.(2)The calculated results of CENDL-3.2 overestimated the measurements in the energy interval of inelastic scattering at 120°.(3)The calculated results for CENDL-3.2 significantly overestimated the measurements in the 3-8.5 MeV energy interval at 60°and 120°.(4)The calculated results with JENDL-5.0 were generally consistent with the measurement results.

An Imbalanced Data Classification Method Based on Hybrid Resampling and Fine Cost Sensitive Support Vector Machine

When building a classification model,the scenario where the samples of one class are significantly more than those of the other class is called data imbalance.Data imbalance causes the trained classification model to be in favor of the majority class(usually defined as the negative class),which may do harm to the accuracy of the minority class(usually defined as the positive class),and then lead to poor overall performance of the model.A method called MSHR-FCSSVM for solving imbalanced data classification is proposed in this article,which is based on a new hybrid resampling approach(MSHR)and a new fine cost-sensitive support vector machine(CS-SVM)classifier(FCSSVM).The MSHR measures the separability of each negative sample through its Silhouette value calculated by Mahalanobis distance between samples,based on which,the so-called pseudo-negative samples are screened out to generate new positive samples(over-sampling step)through linear interpolation and are deleted finally(under-sampling step).This approach replaces pseudo-negative samples with generated new positive samples one by one to clear up the inter-class overlap on the borderline,without changing the overall scale of the dataset.The FCSSVM is an improved version of the traditional CS-SVM.It considers influences of both the imbalance of sample number and the class distribution on classification simultaneously,and through finely tuning the class cost weights by using the efficient optimization algorithm based on the physical phenomenon of rime-ice(RIME)algorithm with cross-validation accuracy as the fitness function to accurately adjust the classification borderline.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,a series of experiments are carried out based on 20 imbalanced datasets including both mildly and extremely imbalanced datasets.The experimental results show that the MSHR-FCSSVM method performs better than the methods for comparison in most cases,and both the MSHR and the FCSSVM played significant roles.

An adaptive physics-informed deep learning method for pore pressure prediction using seismic data

Accurate prediction of formation pore pressure is essential to predict fluid flow and manage hydrocarbon production in petroleum engineering.Recent deep learning technique has been receiving more interest due to the great potential to deal with pore pressure prediction.However,most of the traditional deep learning models are less efficient to address generalization problems.To fill this technical gap,in this work,we developed a new adaptive physics-informed deep learning model with high generalization capability to predict pore pressure values directly from seismic data.Specifically,the new model,named CGP-NN,consists of a novel parametric features extraction approach(1DCPP),a stacked multilayer gated recurrent model(multilayer GRU),and an adaptive physics-informed loss function.Through machine training,the developed model can automatically select the optimal physical model to constrain the results for each pore pressure prediction.The CGP-NN model has the best generalization when the physicsrelated metricλ=0.5.A hybrid approach combining Eaton and Bowers methods is also proposed to build machine-learnable labels for solving the problem of few labels.To validate the developed model and methodology,a case study on a complex reservoir in Tarim Basin was further performed to demonstrate the high accuracy on the pore pressure prediction of new wells along with the strong generalization ability.The adaptive physics-informed deep learning approach presented here has potential application in the prediction of pore pressures coupled with multiple genesis mechanisms using seismic data.

ST-Map:an Interactive Map for Discovering Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Bibliographic Data

Getting insight into the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of knowledge innovation is receiving increasing attention from policymakers and economic research organizations.Many studies use bibliometric data to analyze the popularity of certain research topics,well-adopted methodologies,influential authors,and the interrelationships among research disciplines.However,the visual exploration of the patterns of research topics with an emphasis on their spatial and temporal distribution remains challenging.This study combined a Space-Time Cube(STC)and a 3D glyph to represent the complex multivariate bibliographic data.We further implemented a visual design by developing an interactive interface.The effectiveness,understandability,and engagement of ST-Map are evaluated by seven experts in geovisualization.The results suggest that it is promising to use three-dimensional visualization to show the overview and on-demand details on a single screen.

A Blind Batch Encryption and Public Ledger-Based Protocol for Sharing Sensitive Data

For the goals of security and privacy preservation,we propose a blind batch encryption-and public ledger-based data sharing protocol that allows the integrity of sensitive data to be audited by a public ledger and allows privacy information to be preserved.Data owners can tightly manage their data with efficient revocation and only grant one-time adaptive access for the fulfillment of the requester.We prove that our protocol is semanticallly secure,blind,and secure against oblivious requesters and malicious file keepers.We also provide security analysis in the context of four typical attacks.

Impact of Sharp Fluctuations of Live Pig Prices on Financial Capacity of Pig Breeding Enterprises : An Analysis Based on the Data of Listed Enterprises from 2018 to 2021

Based on the general equilibrium theory of microeconomics,this study first analyzed the causes of sharp fluctuations in live pig prices,and then explored the financial capabilities of enterprises during the sharp fluctuations of live pig prices by using the financial data of 4 typical top listed enterprises from 2018 to 2021.By comparing the changes in the capabilities of enterprises,the impact of price on the financial capability of enterprises and differences were identified.The research results showed that the price of live pigs played a decisive role in enterprise profits,and there were huge differences in the fluctuation period.In the sharp increase period of price,price temptation is easy to cause enterprises to over-invest,resulting in excessive growth of enterprise assets,and increasing the business risk of enterprises.Based on the above conclusions,some policy suggestions were put forward to promote the stable development of industry from the three levels of enterprises,industries and government departments.