Objective: Electrocochleography(ECochG) is valuable to diagnose Meniere's disease objectively. The aim of the present study was to provide preliminary normative data for ECochG among Asian adults. The influences o...Objective: Electrocochleography(ECochG) is valuable to diagnose Meniere's disease objectively. The aim of the present study was to provide preliminary normative data for ECochG among Asian adults. The influences of ethnicity(Malay versus Chinese) and gender on ECoch G results were also studied.Methods: Twenty-two Malay adults(10 men and 12 women) and twenty Chinese participants(10 men and 10 women) aged between 20 and 49 years participated in this study. Extratympanic ECoch G(ET-ECochG) was recorded according to standard non-invasive procedure. Summating potential(SP) amplitude, action potential(AP) amplitude and SP/AP ratio were analyzed accordingly.Results: ET-ECoch G results were found to be comparable between left and right ears(p > 0.05). No notable differences in ET-ECochG results were found between Malay and Chinese groups(p > 0.05). No significant influence of gender on ET-ECochG outcomes was also noted(p > 0.05). The derived normative data for Asian adults(84 ears) are consistent with previous reports.Conclusion: The present study provides preliminary normative data for ET-ECochG among Asian adults. The ECoch G components do not appear to be influenced by either ethnicity or gender. The derived normative data can be used for clinical applications and as the reference for future studies involving Asian population.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to design a Moroccan Trail Making Test B;explore the effects of age, education and gender on the performance of the Trail Making Test (TMT);and provide normative information in Moroccan su...The purpose of this study is to design a Moroccan Trail Making Test B;explore the effects of age, education and gender on the performance of the Trail Making Test (TMT);and provide normative information in Moroccan subjects. Our normalization study was conducted on 348 subjects (156 female and 192 male). The subjects were classified into four groups based on age (18 - 39 years, 40 - 59 years, 60 - 69 years and ≥70 years), and three groups based on educational level (3 - 6 years, 7 - 10 years and ≥11 years). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics through SPSS. The results displayed that increasing age and decreasing levels of education significantly result in a decreased performance on the Trail A, Moroccan Trail B and English Trail B. Only 229 bilingual subjects among the 348 initial subjects completed both versions of Trail B. There was no significant difference on performance between Moroccan Trail B and English Trail B for these subjects.展开更多
Background: Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) is a new and promising type of imaging to evaluate cardiac structure and function. Although it does require injection of contrast material and some radiation exposure,...Background: Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) is a new and promising type of imaging to evaluate cardiac structure and function. Although it does require injection of contrast material and some radiation exposure, it is much less invasive than conventional catheter based on angiography. It has been already shown to correlate well with echocardiography images, but normative values have yet to be established. Objectives: To publish the first known data on CTA measurements for all four chambers of the heart. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review study of around 3000 patients over a three-year period (2006-2008) from a private cardiology practice in Phoenix, Arizona. Patients were screened for any preexisting conditions that might contribute to abnormal cardiac structures. A “normal” population of 226 patients’ CTA’s was reviewed and 29 different measurements were taken cardiac anatomy. Patients were then categorized based on sex and BMI and the cardiac measurements were compared. Results: The values obtained were similar to already established normal measurement values from echocardiography. There was good correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the sexes. Conclusion: This study serves to establish normative data for cardiac CTA while also proves to show good correlation with already established normative values for echocardiography and justifies these CTA measurements as an alternative means of cardiac evaluation. Further study regarding the variations between data for specific measurements will be addressed in future studies.展开更多
In this paper we study the problem of locating multiple facilities in convex sets with fuzzy parameters. This problem asks to find the location of new facilities in the given convex sets such that the sum of weighted ...In this paper we study the problem of locating multiple facilities in convex sets with fuzzy parameters. This problem asks to find the location of new facilities in the given convex sets such that the sum of weighted distances between new facilities and existing facilities is minimized. We present a linear programming model for this problem with block norms, then we use it for problems with fuzzy data. We also do this for rectilinear and infinity norms as special cases of block norms.展开更多
Data processing of small samples is an important and valuable research problem in the electronic equipment test. Because it is difficult and complex to determine the probability distribution of small samples, it is di...Data processing of small samples is an important and valuable research problem in the electronic equipment test. Because it is difficult and complex to determine the probability distribution of small samples, it is difficult to use the traditional probability theory to process the samples and assess the degree of uncertainty. Using the grey relational theory and the norm theory, the grey distance information approach, which is based on the grey distance information quantity of a sample and the average grey distance information quantity of the samples, is proposed in this article. The definitions of the grey distance information quantity of a sample and the average grey distance information quantity of the samples, with their characteristics and algorithms, are introduced. The correlative problems, including the algorithm of estimated value, the standard deviation, and the acceptance and rejection criteria of the samples and estimated results, are also proposed. Moreover, the information whitening ratio is introduced to select the weight algorithm and to compare the different samples. Several examples are given to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach. The examples show that the proposed approach, which has no demand for the probability distribution of small samples, is feasible and effective.展开更多
The purpose of this descriptive study was to collect quantitative, normative data for the Barnett Balance Assessment-Sitting (BBA-SIT), a newly-developed dynamic sitting balance assessment tool based on the Barnett Ba...The purpose of this descriptive study was to collect quantitative, normative data for the Barnett Balance Assessment-Sitting (BBA-SIT), a newly-developed dynamic sitting balance assessment tool based on the Barnett Balance Assessment (BBA). The BBA-SIT was administered to a total of 180 participants (30 people in each of the following age categories: 18 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59, 60 - 69, and 70+) who did not have any current balance deficits. A review of normative data collected indicated no variation in the total assessment scores within and between groups. Future research on the BBA-SIT is needed with balance-impaired populations to determine if the BBA-SIT is sensitive enough to identify subtle differences in dynamic sitting balance in individuals with various levels of balance impairment.展开更多
基金Short Term Grant(304/PPSK/61313023),Universiti Sains Malaysia
文摘Objective: Electrocochleography(ECochG) is valuable to diagnose Meniere's disease objectively. The aim of the present study was to provide preliminary normative data for ECochG among Asian adults. The influences of ethnicity(Malay versus Chinese) and gender on ECoch G results were also studied.Methods: Twenty-two Malay adults(10 men and 12 women) and twenty Chinese participants(10 men and 10 women) aged between 20 and 49 years participated in this study. Extratympanic ECoch G(ET-ECochG) was recorded according to standard non-invasive procedure. Summating potential(SP) amplitude, action potential(AP) amplitude and SP/AP ratio were analyzed accordingly.Results: ET-ECoch G results were found to be comparable between left and right ears(p > 0.05). No notable differences in ET-ECochG results were found between Malay and Chinese groups(p > 0.05). No significant influence of gender on ET-ECochG outcomes was also noted(p > 0.05). The derived normative data for Asian adults(84 ears) are consistent with previous reports.Conclusion: The present study provides preliminary normative data for ET-ECochG among Asian adults. The ECoch G components do not appear to be influenced by either ethnicity or gender. The derived normative data can be used for clinical applications and as the reference for future studies involving Asian population.
文摘The purpose of this study is to design a Moroccan Trail Making Test B;explore the effects of age, education and gender on the performance of the Trail Making Test (TMT);and provide normative information in Moroccan subjects. Our normalization study was conducted on 348 subjects (156 female and 192 male). The subjects were classified into four groups based on age (18 - 39 years, 40 - 59 years, 60 - 69 years and ≥70 years), and three groups based on educational level (3 - 6 years, 7 - 10 years and ≥11 years). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics through SPSS. The results displayed that increasing age and decreasing levels of education significantly result in a decreased performance on the Trail A, Moroccan Trail B and English Trail B. Only 229 bilingual subjects among the 348 initial subjects completed both versions of Trail B. There was no significant difference on performance between Moroccan Trail B and English Trail B for these subjects.
文摘Background: Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) is a new and promising type of imaging to evaluate cardiac structure and function. Although it does require injection of contrast material and some radiation exposure, it is much less invasive than conventional catheter based on angiography. It has been already shown to correlate well with echocardiography images, but normative values have yet to be established. Objectives: To publish the first known data on CTA measurements for all four chambers of the heart. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review study of around 3000 patients over a three-year period (2006-2008) from a private cardiology practice in Phoenix, Arizona. Patients were screened for any preexisting conditions that might contribute to abnormal cardiac structures. A “normal” population of 226 patients’ CTA’s was reviewed and 29 different measurements were taken cardiac anatomy. Patients were then categorized based on sex and BMI and the cardiac measurements were compared. Results: The values obtained were similar to already established normal measurement values from echocardiography. There was good correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the sexes. Conclusion: This study serves to establish normative data for cardiac CTA while also proves to show good correlation with already established normative values for echocardiography and justifies these CTA measurements as an alternative means of cardiac evaluation. Further study regarding the variations between data for specific measurements will be addressed in future studies.
文摘In this paper we study the problem of locating multiple facilities in convex sets with fuzzy parameters. This problem asks to find the location of new facilities in the given convex sets such that the sum of weighted distances between new facilities and existing facilities is minimized. We present a linear programming model for this problem with block norms, then we use it for problems with fuzzy data. We also do this for rectilinear and infinity norms as special cases of block norms.
文摘Data processing of small samples is an important and valuable research problem in the electronic equipment test. Because it is difficult and complex to determine the probability distribution of small samples, it is difficult to use the traditional probability theory to process the samples and assess the degree of uncertainty. Using the grey relational theory and the norm theory, the grey distance information approach, which is based on the grey distance information quantity of a sample and the average grey distance information quantity of the samples, is proposed in this article. The definitions of the grey distance information quantity of a sample and the average grey distance information quantity of the samples, with their characteristics and algorithms, are introduced. The correlative problems, including the algorithm of estimated value, the standard deviation, and the acceptance and rejection criteria of the samples and estimated results, are also proposed. Moreover, the information whitening ratio is introduced to select the weight algorithm and to compare the different samples. Several examples are given to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach. The examples show that the proposed approach, which has no demand for the probability distribution of small samples, is feasible and effective.
文摘The purpose of this descriptive study was to collect quantitative, normative data for the Barnett Balance Assessment-Sitting (BBA-SIT), a newly-developed dynamic sitting balance assessment tool based on the Barnett Balance Assessment (BBA). The BBA-SIT was administered to a total of 180 participants (30 people in each of the following age categories: 18 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59, 60 - 69, and 70+) who did not have any current balance deficits. A review of normative data collected indicated no variation in the total assessment scores within and between groups. Future research on the BBA-SIT is needed with balance-impaired populations to determine if the BBA-SIT is sensitive enough to identify subtle differences in dynamic sitting balance in individuals with various levels of balance impairment.
