Multi-mode process monitoring based on a novel weighted local standardization strategy and support vector data description

There are multiple operating modes in the real industrial process, and the collected data follow the complex multimodal distribution, so most traditional process monitoring methods are no longer applicable because their presumptions are that sampled-data should obey the single Gaussian distribution or non-Gaussian distribution. In order to solve these problems, a novel weighted local standardization(WLS) strategy is proposed to standardize the multimodal data, which can eliminate the multi-mode characteristics of the collected data, and normalize them into unimodal data distribution. After detailed analysis of the raised data preprocessing strategy, a new algorithm using WLS strategy with support vector data description(SVDD) is put forward to apply for multi-mode monitoring process. Unlike the strategy of building multiple local models, the developed method only contains a model without the prior knowledge of multi-mode process. To demonstrate the proposed method's validity, it is applied to a numerical example and a Tennessee Eastman(TE) process. Finally, the simulation results show that the WLS strategy is very effective to standardize multimodal data, and the WLS-SVDD monitoring method has great advantages over the traditional SVDD and PCA combined with a local standardization strategy(LNS-PCA) in multi-mode process monitoring.

A method for rapid transmission of multi-scale vector river data via the Internet

Due to the conflict between huge amount of map data and limited network bandwidth, rapid trans- mission of vector map data over the Internet has become a bottleneck of spatial data delivery in web-based environment. This paper proposed an approach to organizing and transmitting multi-scale vector river network data via the Internet progressively. This approach takes account of two levels of importance, i.e. the importance of river branches and the importance of the points belonging to each river branch, and forms data packages ac- cording to these. Our experiments have shown that the proposed approach can reduce 90% of original data while preserving the river structure well.

Image Processing on Geological Data in Vector Format and Multi-Source Spatial Data Fusion

The geological data are constructed in vector format in geographical information system (GIS) while other data such as remote sensing images, geographical data and geochemical data are saved in raster ones. This paper converts the vector data into 8 bit images according to their importance to mineralization each by programming. We can communicate the geological meaning with the raster images by this method. The paper also fuses geographical data and geochemical data with the programmed strata data. The result shows that image fusion can express different intensities effectively and visualize the structure characters in 2 dimensions. Furthermore, it also can produce optimized information from multi-source data and express them more directly.

A spatial decomposition approach for accelerating buffer analysis of vector data

Parallel vector buffer analysis approaches can be classified into 2 types:algorithm-oriented parallel strategy and the data-oriented parallel strategy.These methods do not take its applicability on the existing geographic information systems(GIS)platforms into consideration.In order to address the problem,a spatial decomposition approach for accelerating buffer analysis of vector data is proposed.The relationship between the number of vertices of each feature and the buffer analysis computing time is analyzed to generate computational intensity transformation functions(CITFs).Then,computational intensity grids(CIGs)of polyline and polygon are constructed based on the relative CITFs.Using the corresponding CIGs,a spatial decomposition method for parallel buffer analysis is developed.Based on the computational intensity of the features and the sub-domains generated in the decomposition,the features are averagely assigned within the sub-domains into parallel buffer analysis tasks for load balance.Compared with typical regular domain decomposition methods,the new approach accomplishes greater balanced decomposition of computational intensity for parallel buffer analysis and achieves near-linear speedups.

Multimode Process Monitoring Based on the Density-Based Support Vector Data Description

Complex industry processes often need multiple operation modes to meet the change of production conditions. In the same mode,there are discrete samples belonging to this mode. Therefore,it is important to consider the samples which are sparse in the mode.To solve this issue,a new approach called density-based support vector data description( DBSVDD) is proposed. In this article,an algorithm using Gaussian mixture model( GMM) with the DBSVDD technique is proposed for process monitoring. The GMM method is used to obtain the center of each mode and determine the number of the modes. Considering the complexity of the data distribution and discrete samples in monitoring process,the DBSVDD is utilized for process monitoring. Finally,the validity and effectiveness of the DBSVDD method are illustrated through the Tennessee Eastman( TE) process.

Data assimilation using support vector machines and ensemble Kalman filter for multi-layer soil moisture prediction

Hybrid data assimilation （DA） is a method seeing more use in recent hydrology and water resources research. In this study, a DA method coupled with the support vector machines （SVMs） and the ensemble Kalman filter （EnKF） technology was used for the prediction of soil moisture in different soil layers： 0-5 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, 200 cm, and 300 cm. The SVM methodology was first used to train the ground measurements of soil moisture and meteorological parameters from the Meilin study area, in East China, to construct soil moisture statistical prediction models. Subsequent observations and their statistics were used for predictions, with two approaches： the SVM predictor and the SVM-EnKF model made by coupling the SVM model with the EnKF technique using the DA method. Validation results showed that the proposed SVM-EnKF model can improve the prediction results of soil moisture in different layers, from the surface to the root zone.

ENHANCED MULTISTAGE VECTOR QUANTIZATION FOR SAR RAW DATA COMPRESSION

Multistage Vector Quantization(MSVQ) can achieve very low encoding and storage complexity in comparison to unstructured vector quantization. However, the conventional MSVQ is suboptimal with respect to the overall performance measure. This paper proposes a new technology to design the decoder codebook, which is different from the encoder codebook to optimise the overall performance. The performance improvement is achieved with no effect on encoding complexity, both storage and time consuming, but a modest increase in storage complexity of decoder.

Optimization of support vector machine power load forecasting model based on data mining and Lyapunov exponents

According to the chaotic and non-linear characters of power load data,the time series matrix is established with the theory of phase-space reconstruction,and then Lyapunov exponents with chaotic time series are computed to determine the time delay and the embedding dimension.Due to different features of the data,data mining algorithm is conducted to classify the data into different groups.Redundant information is eliminated by the advantage of data mining technology,and the historical loads that have highly similar features with the forecasting day are searched by the system.As a result,the training data can be decreased and the computing speed can also be improved when constructing support vector machine(SVM) model.Then,SVM algorithm is used to predict power load with parameters that get in pretreatment.In order to prove the effectiveness of the new model,the calculation with data mining SVM algorithm is compared with that of single SVM and back propagation network.It can be seen that the new DSVM algorithm effectively improves the forecast accuracy by 0.75%,1.10% and 1.73% compared with SVM for two random dimensions of 11-dimension,14-dimension and BP network,respectively.This indicates that the DSVM gains perfect improvement effect in the short-term power load forecasting.

ArcGIS Data Reviewer在林业矢量数据质量管理中的应用

介绍ArcGIS Data Reviewer基本功能和特性,对其应用于林业地理信息矢量数据质量检查,如图斑重复、重叠,图斑间有间隙、多部件、狭长面、急锐角化、漏绘等空间关系,以及属性字段之间的逻辑性检查等的方法和步骤,举例进行了详细叙述,可为该软件模块的使用提供参考。

Data Selection Using Support Vector Regression

Geophysical data sets are growing at an ever-increasing rate,requiring computationally efficient data selection （thinning） methods to preserve essential information.Satellites,such as WindSat,provide large data sets for assessing the accuracy and computational efficiency of data selection techniques.A new data thinning technique,based on support vector regression （SVR）,is developed and tested.To manage large on-line satellite data streams,observations from WindSat are formed into subsets by Voronoi tessellation and then each is thinned by SVR （TSVR）.Three experiments are performed.The first confirms the viability of TSVR for a relatively small sample,comparing it to several commonly used data thinning methods （random selection,averaging and Barnes filtering）,producing a 10％ thinning rate （90％ data reduction）,low mean absolute errors （MAE） and large correlations with the original data.A second experiment,using a larger dataset,shows TSVR retrievals with MAE ＜ 1 m s-1 and correlations ≥ 0.98.TSVR was an order of magnitude faster than the commonly used thinning methods.A third experiment applies a two-stage pipeline to TSVR,to accommodate online data.The pipeline subsets reconstruct the wind field with the same accuracy as the second experiment,is an order of magnitude faster than the nonpipeline TSVR.Therefore,pipeline TSVR is two orders of magnitude faster than commonly used thinning methods that ingest the entire data set.This study demonstrates that TSVR pipeline thinning is an accurate and computationally efficient alternative to commonly used data selection techniques.

基于深度自回归模型的电网异常流量检测算法

针对电网中行为种类复杂多样且数量众多的问题,提出了一种基于自回归模型的电网异常流量检测算法。该算法利用深度自编码网络自动提取网络流量数据的特征,降低异常流量检测的分析周期,并自动挖掘数据的层次关系。通过支持向量机对提取的特征进行分类,实现对异常流量的检测。仿真实验结果表明,所提算法可以分析不同攻击向量,避免噪声数据的干扰,进而提高电网异常流量检测的精度,对于流量数据处理具有重要意义。

Data fusion for fault diagnosis using multi-class Support Vector Machines

Multi-source multi-class classification methods based on multi-class Support Vector Machines and data fusion strategies are proposed in this paper. The centralized and distributed fusion schemes are applied to combine information from several data sources. In the centralized scheme, all information from several data sources is centralized to construct an input space. Then a multi-class Support Vector Machine classifier is trained. In the distributed schemes, the individual data sources are proc-essed separately and modelled by using the multi-class Support Vector Machine. Then new data fusion strategies are proposed to combine the information from the individual multi-class Support Vector Machine models. Our proposed fusion strategies take into account that an Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier achieves classification by finding the optimal classification hyperplane with maximal margin. The proposed methods are applied for fault diagnosis of a diesel engine. The experimental results showed that almost all the proposed approaches can largely improve the diagnostic accuracy. The robustness of diagnosis is also improved because of the implementation of data fusion strategies. The proposed methods can also be applied in other fields.

基于车载点云的道路三维实景建模方法研究

传统的基础测绘存在组织管理固化、服务模式落后、产品形式单一等问题,在新型基础测绘体系下形成了全要素三维实景模型这一成果。本文探讨基于车载点云进行城市道路三维实景建模方法研究,并以某城市主干路为试验对象,对道路及道路两侧部件点云数据进行矢量化得到道路全要素地形数据,以部件点云数据为参考结合外业调绘尺寸用3ds Max软件制作道路部件模板库,并结合点云数据和矢量数据对各类要素进行单体化,最后将道路模型和部件模型融合。结果表明,基于车载点云数据构建的城市道路全要素实景模型不仅可以保证场景的完整性和真实性,还减少了作业时间和成本,实现了各类模型之间的无缝结合,制作完成的模型精度也能满足项目精度要求。

基于多元统计分析的小样本数据预测模型设计

若小样本数据预测误差较大,会直接影响数据应用效果,为提升小样本数据预测精度,提出基于多元统计分析的小样本数据预测模型设计方法。将小样本数据放入SPSS软件中,结合自助法完成小样本数据的经验分布分析。基于样本数据经验分布特征,结合具备学习能力的Fisherface算法对小样本上数据实施预分类,建立测试样本类别标签,实现小样本数据的特征提取。通过多元统计分析数据特征的主元成分,确定模型回归函数,结合支持向量机构建数据预测模型,通过上述模型完成小样本数据的精准预测。实验结果表明,使用上述方法开展小样本数据预测时,预测误差较低,效率较高,说明其预测效果较好。

铜鼓资源组织中的史料文献细粒度知识元研究

铜鼓作为古代文化遗产的重要组成部分,其资源的语义表达形式需要向知识细粒度化、知识集成、知识可视化方向拓展,并充分利用强大的文献资源作为其知识体系的重要支撑。本研究以铜鼓史料文献为研究对象,利用知识元提取和可视化图谱技术,探索表层视觉元素与内在知识的关联、铜鼓文献知识元组织模型的构建,以及时空属性向量可视化等问题,提出数据融合的铜鼓知识平台应由至少4个基础数据库组合而成,并展望其下一步探索路径。

基于重要值排序和自适应阈值的Douglas-Peucker算法

矢量数据压缩长久以来一直是地理信息系统(GIS)领域的关注焦点,旨在缩减数据规模以满足应用性能方面的需求,同时减少数据传输、系统处理时长以及储存成本,从而提高系统性能和运行开销。虽然在该问题上已取得了一些研究成果,但由于技术进步和新需求的涌现,对矢量数据压缩的压缩率和精度都提出了更高的要求,同时如何确定最优的阈值也成为了一个亟待解决的问题。因此,本文从矢量数据中不同节点对整个矢量图形产生变化的重要性以及如何确定最佳阈值出发,设计了结合重要值排序和自适应阈值的Douglas-Peucker算法。通过对上海市民政部门内部矢量数据集的实验表明,改进算法在压缩率相同情况下,数据压缩效果整体优于Douglas-Peucker算法及其改进算法。

基于全范围头部姿态估计的教师注意力识别算法

探究教师注意力对于评估课堂教师行为具有极其重要的研究价值。然而,现有的教师注意力识别算法存在无法应对极端头部姿态角度等问题。为此,提出一种基于6DRep Net360模型的教师注意力状态识别算法,提升极端角度中头部姿态估计算法的准确性。相较于传统的依赖条件判断来分类教师注意力状态的方法,设计一种基于支持向量机(SVM)的教师注意力分类模型,对复杂头部姿态角度进行注意力状态的精准识别。为进一步解决算法稳定性和准确性带来的误差数据,提出基于滑动窗口的数据清洗算法,有效提高整体识别结果的真实性和可靠性。通过在构建的CCNUTeacherS tat e数据集上进行一系列的算法评估,实验结果表明,所提出的教师注意力识别算法在CCNUTeacherS tate数据集上达到了90.67%的准确率。

基于融合模型的联合站能耗优化技术研究

联合站是油田集输系统中的耗能大户,为降低生产运行能耗,在收集和整理现场SCADA(数据采集与监视控制系统)数据的基础上,对数据进行完整性、重复值和异常值校验,利用箱线图识别超过工况范畴的异常值,对缺失值采用三次样条曲线进行重构,再对能耗影响因素进行相关性分析,并代入支持向量机模型建立吨液综合能耗和影响因素之间的非线性关系,最后采用粒子群算法实现联合站能耗的持续优化。结果表明:利用中位数替代异常值和三次样条曲线重构缺失值,对于数据清洗的效果较好,清洗后数据完整性大幅提升;加热炉耗气量和处理液量对吨液综合能耗的影响较大,说明热力消耗在能耗中的占比较大;优化后,联合站的单位液量气耗、单位液量电耗、单位液量综合能耗均有所下降,预计全年节约运行费用26.6万元。研究结果可为联合站运行方案的制定提供实际参考。

基于状态可观测性和多模态数据PF的移动目标跟踪

为了实现对移动目标的跟踪,提出了一种新颖的基于目标状态可观测性和多模态数据粒子滤波(Particle Filter,PF)的跟踪方案。通过部署在目标移动区域中的传感器获得跟踪目标的距离和到达方向测量值,对接收到的数据进行预处理来计算PF的观测值,以形成一个临时距离图像。通过利用状态更新函数和形成的候选图像模板确定目标状态向量;在PF器中加入额外的加权阶段,使得PF器可自适应地同步多模态数据流,以实现鲁棒的目标跟踪。仿真实验结果验证了所提方案能够有效地跟踪移动目标。