Market Concentration Rate and Market Performance of China's Swine Industry

Empirical study on market concentration rate and market performance of China's Swine Industry indicates that higher market concentration rate brings higher overall performance of swine industry. There exists no obvious causal relation between market concentration rate and market performance,but market performance is highly correlated with market concentration rate. The improvement in performance of swine industry is dependent on further optimization of market concentration rate and other factors.

The Portuguese Newspapers Market Between Consolidation and Concentration Strategies

The main objective of this research is to assess the existence （or lack） of media concentration in the Portuguese dailies newspaper sector, and to evaluate the extension to which this situation may be compromising fundamental society values： freedom of speech and right of access to information. Authors resorted to market indicators, namely total average circulation,number of copies per issue, business volume and advertising investments. These indicators are found to be complementary： some indicators evaluate group position in the readers＇ market, whereas other evaluates group position in the general market and the advertising market in particular. Based in this market information, we used quantitative models （HII, CR4 and Noan） to measure de concentration in the newspaper segment. Additionally we tried to demonstrate that to analyze the dailies newspaper concentration situation in Portugal a holist perspective of the media market is needed, using a country context to understand some local characteristics and market structure and political, economic, social and technological dynamics. Additionally, there are evidences that existing concentration indexes are not conclusive because of potential replacement effects in the Portuguese media sector.

Assessment of Pricing Efficiency and Levels of Concentration in Cashew Nuts Market in South Western Nigeria

Cashew nuts market in south western Nigeria is characterized by price fluctuations through space and time. This may be linked with the large number of market intermediaries who act between the primary producers and the markets. The sample for the study comprised 250 cashew nuts marketers who were randomly selected from the five south westem states of Nigeria. About 76 % of the cashew nuts marketers had up to secondary school education and 86% of them had 15-year marketing experience and below. Pricing efficiency of the marketers was highest in Ogun state with average efficiency level of85.1% and least for Oyo state （68.9%）. In all, 720 tonnes were transacted in the region with 206 marketers handling maximum of 2 kg per month per individual. Gini-coefficient estimate of 82.3% implied that there was a concentrated market for the cashew nuts. To further increase the pricing efficiency of the commodity it is necessary to reduce the costs incurred on various physical aspects in marketing system. Corporate organizations, government agencies and co-operative societies should assist the cashew nuts marketers in the provision of credit facilities so as to ensure a higher level of pricing efficiency, stable market prices and reduced level of concentration of the marketers.

Will Higher Industry Concentration Promote Food Safety?

Given the serious situation of food safety in China, the Chinese government has followed the policy of diverting resources to certain competitive firms and thus increasing market concentration as a means to improve food safety. This policy departs from the common practice in advanced economies of encouraging competition and restraining excessive corporate expansion. Based on the theoretical analysis framework of game theory, this paper investigates the impact of increased industry concentration on food safety. Our study finds that in a market environment where quality food enjoys a high premium, greater evenness of corporate size across firms will be conducive to mutual cooperation among firms for the provision of quality and safe food. Yet if the market is less sophisticated and the premium for quality food is low, it will be difficult to form mutual cooperation among firms and easier for low quality food manufacturers to take a free ride. In these circumstances, the larger size of quality food firms will make them less vulnerable to be affected by free rides and more motivated to manufacture quality and safe food. The latter scenario is consistent with China's market reality. Hence, increasing industry concentration in the current stage is conducive to mitigating the food safety crisis. Yet with the gradual improvement in market conditions, a competitive policy will be a better option in the long run.

Risk in A Concentrated Export Market

The export destination of China’s home textile products are considered to be highly concentrated. This is reflected by the statistical data of the past couple of years when, the top export destination of the following products-bedding products, curtain and towel- is United States.

考虑风电与光热电站参与能量-调频辅助服务市场的联合投标策略

针对高比例新能源接入电网导致电网调频需求增大的困局,提出风电和光热电站联合参与能量-调频市场的系统架构。为保证日前投标计划的精准执行,引入偏差惩罚机制,并考虑风电、光照幅度及市场价格的不确定性因素,以联合系统总收益最大为目标,提出基于鲁棒优化的日前-实时两阶段最优投标策略,通过仿真验证,证明了相比于风电、光热电站单独投标,联合投标可通过光热电站灵活的调节特性平抑风电波动造成的投标偏差惩罚,提升联合系统的整体收益。最后,分析不同能量和调频市场价格对联合系统投标收益的影响。

客户议价能力与商业信用融资:基于纵向一体化视角的研究

近年来,采用供应链视角来探究企业的商业信用行为已成为该领域研究的新范式。基于2000—2023年中国上市公司的数据,从纵向一体化视角研究了客户议价能力对企业商业信用提供的影响机制。研究结果显示,当供应链中下游客户企业具有较强的议价能力时,通常表现为供应商企业市场势力相对较弱或客户集中度较高,供应商企业倾向于提供更多的商业信用,这一发现有力地支撑了“客户议价能力假说”。然而,企业外部的纵向一体化程度会显著地影响产业链内企业间的商业信用供给。具体而言,纵向一体化程度较高的企业会向下游客户企业提供更多的商业信用,同时强化客户议价能力对企业商业信用供给的影响。研究表明,产品市场势力所传递的议价能力会沿着供应链扩散,从而影响企业的融资决策行为,并且企业所处行业的纵向一体化程度成为理解其商业信用行为的关键因素。

Analysis of OPEC’s Monopoly in Crude Oil Market

This article briefly and historically reviews the polices of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries （OPEC） and analyzes the factors that facilitate or hinder OPEC＇s monopoly in the crude oil market. The industrial concentration ratio is chosen to measure OPEC＇s monopoly power based on the data from 1986 to 2004. It is concluded that OPEC possesses a long-standing cartel foundation and a rather strong monopoly in the world crude oil market. At the same time, there are unstable factors that influence and even weaken OPEC＇s monopoly.

Segmentation of electricity market for households in Slovenia

This paper investigates the electricity market for households in Slovenia. The focus is on the investigation of some empirical facts in the Slovenian electricity market for households focusing on market segmentation, market concentration measures, real electricity price developments, and their implications for electrical energy consumption and consumer welfare. The authors apply descriptive statistics, Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient of concentration, and demand function using regression framework on time-series data. The authors found that the market liberalization and entry of new competitors have slightly caused variations in the patterns in real electricity price developments. Households＇ real income and real electricity prices for households are found as the crucial determinants for the electrical energy demands by households.

Interference of Local Government, Industrial Concentrative Rate and Corporate Diversification

This paper studies the effects of internal and external environments on the strategic decision-making of diversification using the cross-sectional data of China＇s 1 033 non-financial listed companies in Shenzhen and Shanghai Exchange. Corporate external-environment is substituted by index of marketization and market concentrative rate, and internal-environment is substituted by governance framework and financial status. The multi-regression analysis shows that the strategic decision-making of diversification is prominently affected by external factors such as index of marketization and market concentrative rate, and is significantly negative related to the proportion of state-owned shares and corporate shares. There is no correlation between diversification and whether directors hold concurrently, or manager compensation, cash flow, and debt ratio.

企业数字化转型对客户集中度的影响

企业数字化转型是中国发展数字经济中的重要一环,在很大程度上推动了数字经济与实体经济实现融合发展,进而使中国在新一轮国际竞争中获得重要优势。采用2011—2021年沪深两市A股上市公司的数据,对数字化转型和客户集中度的关系及其中的渠道机制进行实证检验。研究结果表明,随着企业数字化转型程度的提升,客户集中度会显著降低,在这一过程中,数字化转型会提高企业进行高质量信息披露的能力和动力,从而缓解过于集中的客户资源给企业带来的压力。此外,对于销售费用率和盈余管理程度较高、全要素生产率和分析师关注度较低的企业以及非国有企业来说,进行数字化转型能够更加显著地为企业吸引客源,减少客户集中度。同时,相对于数字经济发展还较为落后的省份,处于数字经济发展水平较高地区的企业,更有可能通过进行数字化转型显著降低对大客户的依赖程度。最后,研究发现数字化转型降低客户集中度后,可以进一步提高企业市场地位。

中国碳市场运行状况与对策分析

气候变化是当今世界各国关注的焦点。碳排放权交易将二氧化碳排放的负外部性内部化,建设碳市场是中国实现减排目标的重要举措。碳市场通过价格信号促使减排任务在控排企业间转移,控排企业基于市场机制以成本最小化实现减排目标。对中国碳市场运行现状进行了系统分析,分别从碳价、交易规模以及交易集中度等方面入手,考察了中国碳市场存在的主要问题,并对当前碳价低和交易集中度高等问题针对性提出了发展对策建议,以期为完善中国碳市场提供决策参考。

适应我国高集中度电力现货市场的发电侧市场力辨识方法

我国电力现货市场发电侧拥有高市场集中度的特点,市场力的滥用辨识变得尤为重要。对美国事前市场力的辨识方法进行了详细综述,分析指出了行为-影响测试方法更适用于我国电力现货市场。在此基础上,进一步研究提出了高市场集中度下的事前-事后市场力辨识方法,包括用于辨识潜在市场力的剩余供给指标测试法和市场模拟仿真法、用于辨识事中市场力的行为-影响测试方法和从市场整体运行情况、用户侧、发电侧和电网侧4个维度进行全面评估的事后市场力辨识方法。最后,通过算例分析,论证了所提市场力辨识方法的合理性和可行性。

光热电站参与能量-灵活性市场出清策略研究

新能源出力强不确定性给新型电力系统调峰带来极大挑战,而光热电站的可控调节能力可为新型电力系统提供灵活性调节资源平抑系统的功率不平衡。为应对新型电力系统灵活运行需求,挖掘光热电站灵活性支撑潜力,提出了一种光热电站参与能量-灵活性市场的出清策略。首先,构建光热电站的能量管理模型,分析其灵活调控能力,为参与市场环境下电网灵活调控提供模型基础;然后,计及碳排放交易成本,以运营成本最小为目标构建光热电站参与联合能量-灵活性市场出清模型,并通过交替方向乘子法进行求解;最后,通过吉林西部某实际电网算例对所提方法进行分析验证,结果表明所提方法可有效降低系统总运营成本的同时,光热电站收益增长了34.23%。

冠脉支架集中采购政策对医用耗材产业影响的实证研究

目的以北京市某三级甲等医院执行国家冠脉支架集中采购政策前后产品使用情况的真实数据,结合上市中标企业公开年报信息,分析集中采购政策对医用耗材产业的影响。方法2019年1月至2020年12月为集中采购政策执行前,2021年1月至2022年12月为集中采购政策执行后,利用赫芬达尔—赫希曼指数(Herfindahl-Hirschman Index,HHI)分析集中采购政策对市场集中度的影响;对比国产和进口企业冠脉支架产品使用量占有率及价格均值变化,比较上市中标企业在心血管介入产品线的产品范围、企业营业收入及研发费用;以企业类别、企业类型及价格降幅为影响因素,利用灰色关联分析确定影响产品使用量占有率的最相关因素。结果实施冠脉支架集中采购提高了市场集中度;国内和进口冠脉支架产品价格均值在集中采购前有显著差异(P<0.01),集中采购后无差异(P>0.05),进口企业冠脉支架使用量增幅高,心血管介入产品种类丰富;企业类型是影响使用量占有率的最相关因素。结论加强产品研发、丰富产品线、拓宽业务领域可以提高企业竞争力;构建多层次的医用耗材产业融资制度,为产业提供必要的资金支持;深化国际合作,实行全球化经营,帮助企业分散风险,促进产业可持续发展。

晚清海派京剧形成期的演出市场考察——上海京式戏园空间集聚的动力生成机制研究

京剧在北京发展成熟不久便打破戏曲流布与演进的时空规律,于1867年南下沪上,在上海的都市娱乐生态和审美风尚浸淫下孕育出海派京剧并形成繁荣的演出市场,京式戏园的空间集聚态势明显。人口规模与人口结构、区位优势与城市基础设施、租界特殊管理制度等城市娱乐需求环境构成京式戏园空间集聚的外部动力与要素条件;班园一体的经营模式、剧目类型与舞台布置的产品创新、关联娱乐业的协同竞争的相互影响与相互作用,强化了京式戏园空间集聚的动力机制,海派京剧的商业美学特征也因此逐步形成。海派京剧是中西方文化交汇背景下追随实用主义、享乐主义的结果,冲击了传统表演观念,同时对之后活跃在上海的地方戏产生了深远的影响。

客户风险投资的供应链溢出效应——上游企业双元创新视角

本文以A股上市公司供应链关系数据为研究对象,考察客户风险投资对上游企业双元创新的影响。研究发现:客户风险投资具有供应链溢出效应,显著提高了上游企业的双元创新水平。机制检验表明,溢出效应主要通过企业学习机制与市场需求响应机制影响上游企业双元创新。此外,共同股东与客户集中度分别对上述关系起到正向调节作用。异质性检验结果表明,当上游企业客户关系良性程度较高以及融资约束较弱时,溢出效应对双元创新的促进作用更为明显;而当上游企业属于高科技行业时,溢出效应对探索式创新的促进作用更为明显。本文从风险投资供应链溢出视角出发,为企业双元创新提升的新路径提供了理论依据和政策启示。

连锁股东与费用粘性:市场合谋视角

企业间基于连锁股东形成的社会网络关系是影响企业经营管理的重要因素,而学术界主要关注到连锁股东产生的协同效应,对其负面影响关注不足。从市场合谋的视角出发,以2007-2022年我国A股上市公司为研究样本,检验连锁股东对费用粘性的影响。研究发现,连锁股东显著提高了企业的费用粘性,体现为连锁股东的市场合谋效应。从影响机制看,连锁股东主要通过委派董事和减少股权激励提高企业费用粘性。异质性分析表明,行业集中度越高、市场竞争地位越高,连锁股东的负面影响越大;提高股权制衡度、内部控制质量、交易所信息披露考评和分析师关注度能有效缓解连锁股东合谋导致的费用粘性增加。研究结论不仅为上市公司间复杂股权关系形成的经济动因提供了经验证据,还为反垄断相关法规及政策的修订与完善提供了新的参考依据。

供应链集中度如何影响数字企业研发投入?——兼论市场竞争地位的调节作用

数字经济作为一种新的经济形态,促使企业在密切关注外部环境变化的同时积极寻求创新动力和资源,已成为新一轮产业革命中驱动我国经济高质量发展的重要载体。从供应链结构角度出发,选取2016—2020年中国数字经济上市企业为研究样本,结合数字企业市场竞争地位,系统分析供应链集中度对数字企业研发投入强度的影响和可能的传导路径。结果表明:供应链集中度越高,数字企业研发投入强度越低,且企业市场竞争地位对二者之间关系具有正向调节作用。从产权异质性角度来看,供应链集中度对国有数字企业研发投入强度的负向影响要明显大于对民营数字企业,且国有数字企业市场竞争地位对二者之间关系的正向调节作用更加显著。进一步分析发现,相对客户集中度来说,供应商集中度对数字企业研发投入强度的负向影响更大,供应链集中度对企业研发投入的抑制作用主要通过上游供应商进行传导。因此,数字企业进行创新决策时,要从供应链的视角出发,考虑主要供应商、客户的经营战略,着力提升自身的竞争能力和市场地位,从而提高创新投入、增强创新能力。

新疆番茄制品出口市场集中度变化分析

新疆作为中国主要的番茄制品生产基地,在全球市场中扮演着极为重要的角色,了解新疆番茄出口现状对中国番茄产业的持续成长至关重要。出口市场集中度分析可以评估新疆番茄制品目前在全球市场中的竞争地位、市场潜力和风险水平。应用CRn和HHI指数分析了2015—2023年新疆番茄制品出口市场集中度的变化,并为行业的持续成长提出策略建议。研究结果表明,除“番茄酱罐头质量>5 kg”外,新疆番茄制品出口市场集中度普遍较高。基于此,提出了提升企业国际市场拓展的综合支撑力、推动企业产品创新和加强品牌建设以及降低出口难度、提升通关效率的建议,以期推动新疆番茄产业更好的发展。