Preparation Process and Quality Standard of Rougan Huaxian Ointment

[Objectives] To establish the preparation process and quality standard of Rougan Huaxian ointment.[Methods] The L 9(3 4) orthogonal test was employed to optimize the preparation process by considering the multiplication of water addition, extraction time, and extraction frequency as influencing factors. The dry paste yield was utilized as the evaluation criterion, in conjunction with the actual production conditions. Thin layer chromatography was employed to identify Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati. Ethanol served as the solvent for the determination of ethanol-soluble extractives using the cold immersion method.[Results] The preparation process was conducted as follows: the specified quantity of medicinal materials was combined with water for extraction purposes, performed in two separate stages. In each stage, eight times the amount of water was added. The first extraction lasted for 1.5 h, while the second extraction was completed in 1.0 h. The resulting liquid was then concentrated into a thick paste with a relative density ranging from 1.25 to 1.30 at a temperature of 60 ℃. The thin-layer chromatography analysis of Radix Astragali, Lycii Fructus, Herba Dendrobii, and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati demonstrated distinct spots, effective separation, and the absence of interference from negative samples. Additionally, the ethanol-soluble extractives yielded a minimum of 8.0% in terms of dry weight.[Conclusions] The preparation process for Rougan Huaxian ointment is both stable and feasible. Furthermore, the quality standards established for this preparation are unique and reproducible, thereby facilitating effective quality control.

The development of Fructus corni quality standard considering the effects of processing

The quality standards for Fructus Comi have been established based on the effects of the manufacturing processes.Three critical process parameters(CPPs)of extraction,filtration,and concentration to prepare Fructus Comi concentrate were identified by Plackett-Burman design with a single batch of Fructus Corni,which were heating medium temperature,extraction time,and water addition.Morroniside yield,loganin yield,and dry matter yield were process critical quality attributes(CQAs).CPPs arranged with a Box-Behnken design were applied to treat different batches of Fructus Comi After constructing a model that included CPPs,material propertie s,and process CQAs,loganin content was found to be the critical material attribute(CMA).The design space was calculated with a probability method.According to the limits of process CQAs,the minimum content of loganin in Fructus Corni was calculated with an error propagation method,which was 6.92 mg·g^(-1).When the content of loganin in Fructus Corni reaches up to 6.92 mg·g^(-1),the material is considered high-quality and is most suitable for the process.High-quality material can be used for production of Fructus Comi concentrate.This method can also be used to set material quality standards for other Chinese medicines.

An Improved PLS (IPLS) Method Utilizing Local Standardization Strategy for Multimode Process Monitoring

Complex industrial process often contains multiple operating modes, and the challenge of multimode process monitoring has recently gained much attention. However, most multivariate statistical process monitoring (MSPM) methods are based on the assumption that the process has only one nominal mode. When the process data contain different distributions, they may not function as well as in single mode processes. To address this issue, an improved partial least squares (IPLS) method was proposed for multimode process monitoring. By utilizing a novel local standardization strategy, the normal data in multiple modes could be centralized after being standardized and the fundamental assumption of partial least squares (PLS) could be valid again in multimode process. In this way, PLS method was extended to be suitable for not only single mode processes but also multimode processes. The efficiency of the proposed method was illustrated by comparing the monitoring results of PLS and IPLS in Tennessee Eastman(TE) process.

Extraction Process and Quality Standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish the quality standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules.[Methods]Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the water extraction process by taking the amount of water added,extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of tanshinone I as the index.Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and Radix Astragali in the capsules were qualitatively identified by TLC,and the content of tanshinone I in the capsules was determined by HPLC.[Results]The best water extraction process included the steps of adding 12 times of water each time,extracting the materials twice,for 1 h each time.In TLC identification,the test samples showed spots of the same color at the positions corresponding to tanshinone II A,ginsenoside Rg1,notoginsenoside R1 and astragaloside IV reference samples.[Conclusions]Danshen Jianxin Capsules was prepared by the water extraction method,which is characterized by high efficiency and being suitable for mass production.The quality control method is reliable,fast and accurate,which can effectively control the quality of the product.

Review and Reflection on the Development Process of Soil Environmental Quality Standards in China

In this paper,the development process of the construction of soil environmental quality standards in China is reviewed,and the construction situation of soil environmental quality standards in typical developed countries is introduced.According to characteristics of soil environment and practice of soil environment management in China,the relevant suggestions are discussed,thereby further perfecting construction work of soil environmental quality standards in China.

Standardized processes of biomass briquetting densification fuel

Forest biomass resources are available in enormous quantities in China. The development of forest biomass briquetting densification fuel, which has a high calorific value, can ease the energy shortage in China. But the molding technology is still at the primary stage with many questions unresolved, such as unequal distribution of resources, imperfect technology and an inadequate mechanism of market supply and demand. There are no consistent production and quality standards to refer to, which seriously hinder the industrialization of biomass molding technology. Hence, it is imperative to speed up the formulation of production standards of biomass briquetting densification fuel which not only conform to international standards, but are in accordance with national condi- tions in China. Drawing on the standards of biomass briquetting densification fuel in Europe, a standard system should be concerned with raw material collection, transport and storage of the end products, terminology, denomination and classification of molding equipment, as well as with technical conditions, testing methods, safety and environmental protection. The establishment of a stan- dard system is useful for the development of a healthy, orderly and sustainable biomass fuel industry.

Study on Preparation Process and Quality Standard of Tianlu Tongluo Granules

[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the preparation process of Tianlu Tongluo Granules and establish its quality standard.[Methods]Tianlu Tongluo Granules was prepared by an orthogonal test.TLC was used to identify Radix Astragali preparata,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Scutellariae Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma in the granules,and the content of paeoniflorin in the finished product was determined by HPLC.[Results]The extraction process of Tianlu Tongluo Granules was as follows:adding 6 times of water,and decocting twice,1 h/time.In the forming process,the optimal ratio of thick paste to excipients as 10∶8.6,and the optimal ratio of excipients dextrin:starch:colloidal silicon dioxide was 6.5∶0.5∶1.6.The results showed that TLC spots were obvious,the separation was significant,and the specificity was strong.The paeoniflorin content had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 5.9048-590.48 mg/L(r=0.9999).The average sample recovery was 101.10%,and the RSD was 1.18%.[Conclusions]The preparation process is stable and reasonable,and the established quality control method is specific and reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of Tianlu Tongluo Granules.

The New Standards System for Processing Food to Be Proved

It is reported that the work of re-structuring the frame of China nationalstandards system for processing food has been finished with the print and distribution of 2004-2005Development Plan of National Standards for Food (hereinafter Plan). According to the demand of thePlan, there will be great changes among the current national standards and the professionalstandards for processing food, in which some standards will be integrated with others, somestandards will be cancelled, and some will be brought into the new standards system after the reviewof standards. The standards after being changed and the new national standards and the professionalstandards that need to be developed compose the new standards system for processing food.

Formulation of Work-Study Combined and Result-Oriented Integrated Curriculum Standards

According to the Annex Technical Regulations for Integrated Curriculum Development(Trial)in Document No.30 of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security(2012),this paper studies the formulation of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production.We focus on the formulation ideas of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,the formulation process of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,including the description of typical work tasks,the determination of curriculum objectives,the analysis of study content,the description of referential study tasks,teaching implementation suggestions,assessment and evaluation suggestions,which can provide a reference for the development and research of other related integrated courses.

中医住培过程考核体系构建

我国已全面启动新的住院医师规范化培训制度,并取得了一定成效,然而目前还存在培训模式偏西化、理论学习轻基础、考核模式轻过程和管理模式未分层等不足。考核是住院医师规范化培训管理的重要组成部分,其结果是衡量基地与住院医师规范化培训学员培养质量的客观指标,其中的过程考核是重中之重。浙江中医药大学附属第三医院作为首批国家中医住院医师规范化培训基地,按照上级主管部门相关文件要求建立了过程考核体系,制定了规范的考核管理制度,采取规范日常考核、严肃出科考核、增设季度考核、设置专项考核、组织年度考核、落实绩效考核等相关举措,多管齐下,保证培训质量。

生命周期评价方法在制革领域的应用研究现状分析

皮革工业是我国具有国际竞争优势的传统轻工支柱产业,其绿色低碳转型升级已是必然趋势。生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA)作为一种系统性、综合性的评价方法,可用于量化制革过程的资源环境影响。文章简要回顾了LCA方法的发展历程、标准流程与理论框架,重点总结了LCA方法在制革领域应用的研究现状及其对制革减污降碳的指导作用,以及现存的问题和解决方案。结合作者在皮革产品碳足迹核算标准方法研制与皮革化学品碳排因子数据库构建方面的研究与实践,核算形成皮革产品碳足迹数据库,并提出构建制革工艺LCA环境影响预测模型,希望赋能绿色低碳制革生产和皮革行业高质量发展。

教育强国建设背景下普通高等学校本科教育评估的演变历程、衡量标准与未来走向——以本科教育审核评估为例

高等教育是教育强国建设的龙头,本科教育是高等教育的基础,特别是我国高等教育进入普及化之后,本科教育的基础性作用更加凸显。高质量发展是实现大学功能的保障,本科教育教学质量评估则是高校质量保障体系的重要内容。通过对两轮普通高等学校本科教学审核评估的政策文件和专家建议进行对比分析,将衡量标准界定为规范性文件,并对照高校办学标准、本科专业教学标准和质量保障建设标准,针对两轮审核评估发现的问题,从转变观念、落实举办者和高校主体责任等方面,提出深化教学评估、提高本科教育教学质量的举措。

红酱理冲颗粒提取工艺及质量标准研究

目的:优选红酱理冲颗粒提取工艺,并建立其质量标准。方法:以栀子苷含量为评价指标,采用L 9(34)正交试验设计法优选红酱理冲颗粒最佳提取工艺;通过薄层色谱(TLC)法对制剂中饮片炒栀子、醋延胡索、川芎、当归、白芍、赤芍、牡丹皮进行薄层鉴别研究,通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对有效成分栀子苷进行含量测定。结果:最佳提取工艺为:全方饮片煎煮3次,第1次煎煮加药材总重的9.5倍量水,第2、3次加8倍量水,每次煎煮30 min;炒栀子,醋延胡索,川芎和当归双阴性,白芍、赤芍和牡丹皮三阴性的TLC图斑点清晰,阴性无干扰,耐用性良好;栀子苷在0.508~0.544 mg/mL范围内,进样量对数与峰面积对数线性良好,线性方程为y=0.0654 x-0.7106,r 2=0.9999;精密度、重复性、溶液稳定性结果的RSD<3%;平均回收率为99.72%(n=6),RSD为2.34%。结论:该制剂的提取工艺可行,建立的定性定量方法便捷、可靠,可作为红酱理冲颗粒的质量控制方法。

集束化管理联合过程导向型教学法在手术室规培教学中的应用

目的探究集束化管理联合过程导向型教学法在手术室规培护士教学中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法选取117名手术室规培护士为研究对象,对照组采用传统教学法,观察组采用集束化管理联合过程导向型教学法。结果观察组出科考核成绩、综合素质测评得分、评教得分、临床护理教员教学质量评分满分率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论集束化管理联合过程导向型教学法应用于手术室规培护士教学有显著优势,提高了规培护士理论、操作考核成绩及综合能力,激发了学习积极性及主动性,增强了学习效果。

基于层次分析法的中国绿色建筑评价指标权重研究

我国于2019年实施了新的《绿色建筑评价标准》,对绿色建筑评价指标进行了优化,但相较于发达国家成熟完整的体系,我国《绿色建筑评价标准》在权重问题上仍然存在一些不足。本研究通过对《绿色建筑评价标准》中存在的指标体系权重不明问题的分析,使用专家咨询法和AHP层次分析法对绿色建筑评价体系中各指标及指标中各加分项进行打分及权重计算,再根据对计算结果的分析,尝试提出《绿色建筑评价标准》的权重优化改进建议,以利于我国绿色建筑的标准化、精确化评估。

An optimized industry processing technology of peanut tofu and the novel prediction model for suitable peanut varieties

Peanut protein is easily digested and absorbed by the human body,and peanut tofu does not contain flatulence factors and beany flour.However,at present,there is no industrial preparation process of peanut tofu,whereas the quality of tofu prepared by different peanut varieties is quite different.This study established an industrial feasible production process of peanut tofu and optimized the key process that regulates its quality.Compared with the existing method,the production time is reduced by 53.80%,therefore the daily production output is increased by 183.33%.The chemical properties of 26 peanut varieties and the quality characteristics of tofu prepared from these 26 varieties were determined.The peanut varieties were classified based on the quality characteristics of tofu using the hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)method,out of which 7 varieties were screened out which were suitable for preparing peanut tofu.An evaluation standard was founded based on peanut tofu qualities.Six chemical trait indexes were correlated with peanut tofu qualities(P<0.05).A logistic regressive model was developed to predict suitable peanut varieties and this prediction model was verified.This study may help broaden the peanut protein utilization,and provide guidance for breeding experts to select certain varieties for product specific cultivation of peanut.

Research on the Weight of Index for the Assessment Standard for Green Store Building

Assessment standard for green store building of national standard has been compiled. The index has been given by experts' subjective assignment based on experience. Analytic hierarchy process has been used,making questionnaires of experts,using pairwise comparison and calculating the weight of each index. The weight of index in assessment would not only make quantitative evaluation on the whole situation of green store buildings,but also provide the foundation for compilation and revision.

XML-based Data Processing in Network Supported Collaborative Design

In the course of network supported collaborative design, the data processing plays a very vital role. Much effort has been spent in this area, and many kinds of approaches have been proposed. Based on the correlative materials, this paper presents extensible markup language （XML） based strategy for several important problems of data processing in network supported collaborative design, such as the representation of standard for the exchange of product model data （STEP） with XML in the product information expression and the management of XML documents using relational database. The paper gives a detailed exposition on how to clarify the mapping between XML structure and the relationship database structure and how XML-QL queries can be translated into structured query language （SQL） queries. Finally, the structure of data processing system based on XML is presented.

International Public Sector Accounting Standards （IPSAS） Implementation in the European Union （EU） Member States

The aim of this paper is to analyze the implementation level of International Public Sector Accounting Standards （IPSAS） in the member states of the European Union （EU）. After an introduction of the legislative framework in the EU and a review of the literature about the implementation of IPSAS in the EU member states, this paper classifies, on the basis of a survey, the states according to their formal implementation levels of IPSAS. It also analyzes the types of accounting （cash basis accounting, modified cash basis accotmting, accrual accounting, and modified accrual basis accounting） used by the states studied. The survey shows that there are important disparities among the member states, both for the application of IPSAS and for the type of accounting that is used. Furthermore, it appears that even if IPSAS is not legally adopted in most European member states, there is a tendency to use modern accounting systems based on accrual accounting close to IPSAS.

Analysis and Related Suggestions on the Whole Process Engineering Consulting Service Mode at Home and Abroad

This paper first introduces the basic connotation of China’s whole-process engineering consulting.Immediately,analyze the organization model,service procurement model and charging standards of foreign whole-process engineering consulting(international terminology full-life cycle engineering consultant).Second,discuss the government’s role in the development of engineering consulting from two aspects:service management and market access.Finally,combined with the above analysis,the specific problems faced in the implementation process of the whole process engineering consulting are compared.Provide relevant suggestions on how companies and individuals respond to industry development trends.