GOAL问卷和Epworth嗜睡量表联合筛查阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的效能

目的检验GOAL问卷和Epworth嗜睡量表(Epworth sleeping scale,ESS)在筛查阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)中联合应用的效能。方法从睡眠医学中心招募2958例参与者,完成夜间多导睡眠图监测和筛查问卷,包括GOAL、ESS、STOP-Bang问卷(SBQ)和NoSAS评分。评估每个量表的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断优势比(diagnostic odds ratio,DOR)和受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)。结果GOAL问卷在筛选OSA方面具有更高的敏感度和DOR(敏感度为0.831,DOR为3.72),优于STOP-Bang问卷和NoSAS评分。当GOAL问卷和ESS量表相结合时,特异度和DOR分别显著上升至0.894和4.22。GOAL问卷得分为3且ESS量表≥11分的参与者极有可能患有OSA,概率为0.96。结论GOAL问卷和ESS量表相结合具有优秀的诊断能力,可有效筛查OSA。对疑似OSA患者进行GOAL问卷后的第二阶段进行ESS量表筛查,可以提高预测准确性和早期诊断。

State of the HIV, Hepatitis B and C Virus Pandemic from 2003 to 2022 in Burkina Faso: Evolution of Prevalence Trends and Strategic Recommendations to Achieve the WHO’s Goal for Their Eradication by 2030

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a goal to eradicate or at least significantly reduce the prevalence the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) by 2030. The main objective was to provide an evolving overview of the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infection between 2003 and 2022 in Burkina Faso. Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study based on data from 2003 to 2022. The data were collected using information available in the databases of the HOSCO and CERBA laboratories and included all individuals who underwent HIV and/or HBV and/or HCV testing. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0, EpiInfo 7, and R version 4.1.0. Results were considered statistically significant if p Results: The study recorded 7432 samples and the mean age of the subjects was 27.98 ± 8.50 years. During this period, the respective prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV were 4.66% (346/7432), 8.77% (582/6636) and 5.54% (322/5816). However, from 2003 to 2022, there was a significant decrease (P y=−1.75x+12.59;y=−0.24x+10.01and y=−0.11x+6.02, with “y” corresponding to prevalence and “x” to the years. Conclusion: Burkina Faso needs to rigorously apply prevention and control strategies recommended by the WHO by 2030.

Megacity pathways in China under the dual carbon goal:The case of Shanghai

The pathways to achieving carbon neutrality at the city level are diverse due to varying energy supply and demand conditions.Shanghai faces obstacles such as limited land resources,high costs of renewable energy technologies,and instability of renewable energy.These challenges hinder the city’s efforts to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality(dual carbon).Therefore,Shanghai must identify and optimize its development path for renewable energy under the dual carbon goal.We employed the Low Emissions Analysis Platform Shanghai(LEAP-SH)model to simulate the impact of policies,such as industrial upgrading,energy efficiency improvement,energy structure optimization,increased technical innovation on energy,and ecological restoration,on the carbon emission pathways from 2022 to 2060 using five different scenarios.Our results indicate that Shanghai has the potential to achieve carbon neutrality in 2059 by promoting carbon reduction,pollution control,and green expansion.Moreover,we determined that the manufacturing industry;power generation industry;and transportation,storage,and mail services are the three major sectors for emission reduction under the dual carbon goal.Furthermore,the capacity and output of coal-fired power plants will be gradually replaced by offshore wind power in the dual carbon pathway.Finally,this study proposes countermeasures and suggestions for Shanghai to attain the dual carbon goal and high-quality development.

The Importance of Setting Treatment Goals for Cardiovascular Diseases

Background: Guidelines are issued by most major organizations that focus on a specific disease entity. Guidelines should be a significant help to the practicing physician who may not be up-to-date with the recent medical literature. Unfortunately, when conflicting guidelines for a specific disease are published, confusion results. Purpose: This article provides a suggested guideline outcome measure that would benefit the physician and patient. Methods: A review of 19 different guidelines for cardiovascular disease treatment is one example of the lack of specific outcomes that currently exist. The basic problem with most guidelines is that they do not state the expected end result (i.e., the benefit to the patient) if that guideline is followed. When guidelines use cardiovascular disease risk factors to dictate therapy, the end benefit is never stated so that the patient can make an appropriate choice of which (if any) guideline to follow. Results: A good example is guidelines published by the American Heart Association for reducing cardiovascular disease. These guidelines are risk factor based and only indicate that cardiovascular disease would be reduced if followed. No specific percentage in the reduction of the incidence of disease is given. In contrast, when elimination of the disease is the stated goal of the guideline, the end result is clear. To date, this goal has been stated by only one organization devoted to eliminating cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Guidelines need to be written to provide the physician and the patient with a specific end point that is expected when the guideline is followed. Patient acceptance and compliance will be much improved if the patient knows the risk/benefit of following the guideline’s recommendations.

Role of self-help groups on socioeconomic development and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)among rural women in Cooch Behar District,India

This study examines the transformative role of self-help groups(SHGs)in the socioeconomic development of rural women in Cooch Behar District,India,and their contribution toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)of the United Nations.In this study,we explored the effect of SHGs on rural women by specifically addressing SDGs,such as no poverty(SDG 1),zero hunger(SDG 2),good health and well-being(SDG 3),quality education(SDG 4),and gender equality(SDG 5).Given this issue,a cross-sectional survey and comparison analyses are needed to assess the socioeconomic development of rural women and their awareness level before and after the participation of rural women in SHGs.The survey conducted as part of this study was divided into three sections,namely,demographic characteristics,socioeconomic development,and awareness level,with each focusing on different aspects.A group of 400 individuals who were part of SHGs completed the questionnaire survey form.The results showed that the participation of rural women in SHGs significantly improved their socioeconomic development and awareness level,as supported by both mean values and t test results.Memberships in SHGs and microcredit programs were the major elements that boosted the socioeconomic development of rural women,which also achieves SDGs 1,2,3,4,and 5.This study revealed that participation in SHGs and related financial services significantly aided rural women in economically disadvantaged communities in accumulating savings and initiating entrepreneurial ventures.Moreover,participation in SHGs was instrumental in enhancing the self-confidence,self-efficacy,and overall self-esteem of rural women.Finally,doing so enabled them to move more freely for work and other activities and to make family and common decisions.

Spatial differences of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)among counties(cities)on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains

The county(city)located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains is the primary area to solidify and extend the success of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China in poverty alleviation.Its Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)are intertwined with the concerted economic and social development of Xinjiang and the objective of achieving shared prosperity within the region.This study established a sustainable development evaluation framework by selecting 15 SDGs and 20 secondary indicators from the United Nations’SDGs.The aim of this study is to quantitatively assess the progress of SDGs at the county(city)level on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains.The results indicate that there are substantial variations in the scores of SDGs among the nine counties and one city located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains.Notable high scores of SDGs are observed in the central and eastern regions,whereas lower scores are prevalent in the western areas.The scores of SDGs,in descending order,are as follows:62.22 for Minfeng County,54.22 for Hotan City,50.21 for Qiemo County,42.54 for Moyu County,41.56 for Ruoqiang County,41.39 for Qira County,39.86 for Lop County,38.25 for Yutian County,38.10 for Pishan County,and 36.87 for Hotan County.The performances of SDGs reveal that Hotan City,Lop County,Minfeng County,and Ruoqiang County have significant sustainable development capacity because they have three or more SDGs ranked as green color.However,Hotan County,Moyu County,Qira County,and Yutian County show the poorest performance,as they lack SDGs with green color.It is important to establish and enhance mechanisms that can ensure sustained income growth among poverty alleviation beneficiaries,sustained improvement in the capacity of rural governance,and the gradual improvement of social security system.These measures will facilitate the effective implementation of SDGs.Finally,this study offers a valuable support for governmental authorities and relevant departments in their decision-making processes.In addition,these results hold significant reference value for assessing SDGs at the county(city)level,particularly in areas characterized by low levels of economic development.

Strategies for Cultivating Public Funded Targeted Normal Students Based on Goal Management Theory : A Case Study of East, West and North Guangdong

Public funded targeted normal students are an important component of China's teacher team construction.Since its implementation in 2007,a large number of outstanding rural teachers who have been striving on the front line of education have been trained.Based on the theory of goal management,this paper explores the problems and countermeasures in the training of public funded targeted normal students.It strives to solve the problems of low willingness to teach and high default rates among public funded normal students,and hopes that the suggestions proposed in this paper can further promote the effective implementation of policies for public funded normal students.

Life Needs More Goals,and Fewer Complaints

In my opinion,we should have more goals in our lives and have fewer complaints.As is known to all,goals make us go further and prevent us from being lazy.When we have goals,we are encouraged to work hard to achieve them.But if we lose our goals,we may feel uncertain and insecure.For a student,goals do play an essential role in study.I once set a goal to play better in basketball games,and I tried my best to train myself without any fear and hesitation.It was the goal that helped me accomplish my ambition.

Knowledge Gaps in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Impacts on Biodiversity Conservation in Nairobi, Kenya

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to ensure environmental sustainability is enhanced focusing on the future generation. Knowledge of the SDGs becomes pivotal in biodiversity conservation thus, a gap impacts such efforts on protecting and preserving biodiversity habits difficult. Nairobi City was chosen because of her unique ecosystem that habits wildlife and urban life with great prospects of being East Africa’s business hub. With an estimated double city population by 2030, knowledge of SDGs would be useful in enhancing biodiversity conservation in unique cities like Nairobi. Thus, a gap in the knowledge of SDGs threatens the future of biodiversity unless it is mitigated. The study employed a cross-sectional design that caters to qualitative and quantitative data. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was adopted to evaluate how determinants of human perceptions, decisions, and activities related to implementing sustainable development goals impact biodiversity conservation. Results indicate that respondents’ knowledge (30.5% ± 2.01%), attitudes (30.4% ± 1.56%), and practice (26.3% ± 0.08%) on implementation of SDGs was significantly low. Further, a majority believed that lack of awareness of SDGs 87% impacts biodiversity conservation, coupled with 12% and 1%, respectively, who opined that limited SDGs knowledge sharing and corruption were barriers to biodiversity conservation. The majority of respondents believed that increased awareness of SDGs (78.2% ± 2.61%), and strengthened institutional capacity (58.7% ± 3.01%) underscores SDGs’ importance in biodiversity conservation. Knowledge of SDGs is pivotal in the enhancement of biodiversity conservation.

Exploring the Goal Synergy between the Ecological Carrying Capacity of Miyun District and the Development of the Ecological Home-stay Industry in Beijing

Green construction in culture and environmental protection will be the development trend in a long run,the urban and suburban area will be ecologically developed as well.Rural revitalization must adhere to the position of historical progress theory and modern concepts,innovate spatial layout,optimize ecological resources,and appropriately determine its historical significance and sustainable development responsibility with reasonable value orientation and environmental ecological carrying capacity for local ecological construction.In order to achieve this responsibility,the authors must expand the dimensions to consider more relevant factors.The guarantee of ecological carrying capacity is an important means to ensure the promotion of ecological civilization.This paper aims to integrate and regulate the goal synergy of the cultural development of the home-stay industry in Miyun District of Beijing by means of the innovative model of sustainable economic development of cultural ecology,ecological people,ecological health preservation and rich home-stay ecological elements.Assuming that the role of the former in promoting the latter can be expanded,then in the range of ecological and cultural towns(conceptual model)that maintain a certain tolerance of ecological carrying capacity,as a characteristic home-stay industry in Miyun,there will be some effective growth,so the integration and development of multiple cultural genes and elements must be the ecological and cultural town model under the enhanced multi-factor aggregation effect,(See the ecological environment carrying capacity development goal A:A=B12345+C1234567 later).This article will explain that the development goals of Miyun's ecological culture and the ecological homestay industry are coordinated,and the two are mutually raised in the same direction.

Research and Practice on the Multi-dimensional Course Goal Achievement Evaluation of Software Engineering

According to the standards of engineering education accreditation,the achievement paths and evaluation criteria of course goals are presented,aimed at the objectives of software engineering courses and the characteristics of hybrid teaching in Kunming University of Science and Technology.Then a multi-dimensional evaluation system for course goal achievement of software engineering is proposed.The practice’s results show that the multi-dimensional course goal achievement evaluation is helpful to the continuous improvement of course teaching,which can effectively support the evaluation of graduation outcomes.

煤炭工业数字智能绿色三化协同模式与新质生产力建设路径

煤炭工业是支撑我国经济社会高速发展和保障国家能源安全的压舱石与稳定器,承担着能源保供与支撑新能源稳定发展的时代使命,煤炭工业的高质量发展既是落实我国能源安全新战略与产业体系变革的关键,也是推进能源产业可持续发展与促进国家高质量发展的基础。当前我国煤炭工业高质量发展已取得阶段成效,能源保供成绩显著,产业结构不断优化,科技创新能力显著提高,绿色开发与清洁高效利用持续推进。但当前煤炭工业仍面临诸多挑战,发展水平与中国式现代化的国家需求差距较大,可持续发展受多重因素制约,数字技术与煤炭开发利用尚未深度融合,智能化建设仍处于示范培育阶段,绿色化发展不平衡且矛盾突出,煤炭工业的转型升级仍然任重道远。结合当前煤炭工业发展现状与挑战,提出了数字化、智能化、绿色化(三化)协同的发展模式,明确了煤炭新质生产力的核心内涵,构建了三化协同发展煤炭新质生产力的总体架构,阐述了通过数字化变革生产要素创新配置、智能化引领关键技术跨越突破、绿色化主导传统产业深度转型三大要素催生煤炭新质生产力的技术路径,提出了六大技术体系:通过研发全产业链数据高效采集与深度治理技术体系,打通煤炭产—运—储—销—用全流程的数据壁垒;通过研发构建煤炭行业知识图谱与智能决策管控技术体系,深度挖掘煤炭产业上下游各业务场景的关联关系与价值,为煤炭生产利用全流程的自主决策与智能控制奠定基础;开展煤炭资源智能-绿色-高效开发技术体系、煤炭产业安全协同保障技术体系、矿区生态智能监测-预警-修复技术体系、煤炭柔性开发与清洁低碳利用技术体系研究,实现煤炭开发利用全产业链、全流程的三化协同发展,培育形成煤炭新质生产力,为煤炭工业的整体形象带来根本性变革提升。

Research on the Spatiotemporal Evolution,and Optimized Paths of Carbon Pressure in Northwestern Sichuan under the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals

Consolidating carbon sink capacity and reducing carbon pressure are important channels to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals actively yet prudently.In order to study the current situation of carbon pressure in the Northwestern Sichuan,we took the carbon pressure of the Aba Tibetan-Qiang autonomous prefecture(Aba prefecture)as an example and used the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)approach to measure the carbon emissions,carbon uptake,and the carbon balance index(CBI)of each county-level city in Aba prefecture from 2012 to 2020.The study found that:(a)There was a continuous trend of declining carbon emissions,increased carbon uptake,and decreased CBI in Aba prefecture during the sample period,but there is a large variability among county-level cities;(b)Aba prefecture differs in the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon emissions,carbon uptake,and CBI.Based on the research results,we propose several optimized paths for alleviating the current carbon pressure situation in the Northwestern Sichuan.

领导与员工的超连接匹配对工作绩效的影响及其机制

数字技术在企业的创新应用正在重构传统企业管理学理论与方法.工作中片刻不离手机和笔记本等多种设备的“超连接”成为常态.已有研究关注了互联网超连接对个体心理和行为的一系列消极影响,却忽略了数字技术赋能下的领导与员工超连接对工作绩效的潜在积极影响.本文基于平衡理论,连续三个月跟踪调查了343份领导与员工的配对样本,结果发现:领导与员工之间的超连接越匹配,员工自主性越高,工作目标进展越快,工作绩效显著增加.进一步发现,当领导与员工同处于高超连接时,员工的自主性高,工作目标进展和工作绩效最佳;而在“员工低—领导高”的不匹配模式下,员工的自主性和工作进展都低.本文从匹配视角探究领导与员工超连接模式对工作绩效的积极后效,为数字技术赋能组织管理的工作模式提供了更加全面和均衡的分析视角,同时也为实现领导与员工的工作模式匹配、协同推进工作绩效提供实践指导.

国有企业的低碳双元战略发展路径——基于上海申通地铁集团的案例研究

在中国特色社会主义经济制度下,国有企业始终肩负着发展经济和服务社会的双重使命。根据企业所处的行业特点与所承担的业务特征,国有企业很可能面临高耗能的挑战。选取上海申通地铁集团有限公司作为典型案例,基于双元理论探究国有企业低碳双元战略的动态发展路径。研究发现,国有企业的低碳发展首先是将低碳理念融入其“经济—社会”双元目标,形成具有经济属性的成本性和效益性低碳导向,以及具有社会属性的政策性和公益性低碳导向。基于此,国有企业开发低碳双元战略实践,包括具有经济属性的低碳成本管理和低碳业务投资,以及具有社会属性的低碳政策落实和产业低碳引领。此外,知识和资源开发促进了低碳双元战略实践的相互转化,实现了低碳双元战略的协调统一。研究结论既为国有企业低碳发展中的协同辩证关系提供了新的理解,又拓展了双元理论在企业低碳管理领域的应用。

税收征管与中国工业低碳转型推进——基于绿色税收视角的实证

在加快实现“双碳”目标过程中,税收可成为运用市场机制完善气候治理的有力工具。基于绿色税收视角,文章在理论分析基础上,借助省份工业2006—2021年面板数据,运用全面FGLS方法,实证检验了税收征管对中国工业低碳转型的影响,并从绿色低碳技术创新、产业结构调整和政府环境治理三方面解构了其中的作用机制。进一步地,从能源消耗、产业多样化、税收负担三个维度探究了不同环境对绿色税收征管作用发挥的异质性影响。研究发现:绿色税收征管在研究期内能够显著推进中国工业低碳转型,这一结论在经过内生性讨论和一系列稳健性检验后依然成立;机制检验表明,绿色税收征管可通过激励绿色低碳技术创新渠道推进工业低碳转型,绿色税收征管对工业低碳转型的推进作用受到了产业结构调整的正向调节,但未受到政府环境治理的正向调节;异质性分析显示,绿色税收征管对工业低碳转型的推进作用随行业及省份能耗水平的下降而递增,更高的产业多样化水平和更低的税收负担强度能够增强绿色税收征管对工业低碳转型的推进作用。基于上述结论,从重视绿色税收体系建设、协调绿色税收征管与政府环境治理、优化绿色税收政策与相关政策的排列组合等方面提出了政策建议,为优化和完善碳减排相关税收政策提供了参考。

新时代中医药学科专业人才培养的目标与路径剖析

中医药学科专业人才培养长期处于中医思维弱化阶段,其培养过程重知识、轻文化,导致执业中医医师在临床诊疗实践时运用中医思维和典籍理论、方药等力有未逮,中医药特色优势亟待强化。复兴新时代中华文化成为潮流,为培养中医药学科专业人才提供新机遇、提出新要求,以人才培养为切入点是解决影响中医药发展核心瓶颈问题、全面营造良好中医药生态环境、造就一批堪当时代大任的中医药行业学者专家的关键。遵循中医药自身规律,以马克思主义坚持问题导向的世界观、方法论为原则,提出新时代中医药学科专业人才培养的目标和路径,剖析面临的问题。新时代背景下中医药专业人才的培养可以从加强中医药经典古籍教学改革、优化中医药基层临床人才培养、大力开展卓越复合型优秀人才培养、建设一批中医药学科专业人才培养高地等方面实施。

融入区块链的课程目标达成评价系统建构与应用研究

推进课程评价数字化转型升级,是实现教育现代化、推进教育高质量发展、建设教育强国的重要举措。然而,当前课程目标达成评价领域存在中心化管理、数据孤岛、安全性不足等问题,影响了课程目标达成评价的科学性和公信力,进而制约了课程评价数字化转型。为此,文章提出一种基于区块链技术变革课程评价的新思路,设计了融入区块链的课程目标达成评价系统,从数据共享框架、课程目标达成评价合约、隐私保护方案三个层面探讨系统的运行机制,并阐述该系统的主要功能和应用成效。文章设计的系统,可为消除数据孤岛、提高评价数据安全性、推动课程评价数字化转型提供参考。

“双碳”目标下数字化转型与企业ESG责任表现:影响效应与作用机制

数字化转型赋予企业经济绩效与非经济绩效增长新的驱动力,但其能否进一步改善企业在环境、社会与治理方面的表现,助推“双碳”目标实现?以2012—2021年华证ESG评分披露的2 909家A股上市公司为样本,实证检验数字化转型对企业ESG责任表现的影响及作用机制,结果发现:第一,数字化转型可以改善企业ESG责任表现,尤其可以提升其在环境与社会责任两方面表现,且云计算技术对企业ESG责任表现的贡献最为突出。经过一系列稳健性检验后,上述结论仍然成立。第二,机制检验表明,数字化转型能够促进企业财务绩效提升并降低企业风险水平,进而促进企业绿色技术创新,故有助于提升企业ESG责任表现。第三,数字化转型对企业ESG责任表现的影响存在异质性,国有企业、成熟期企业与重污染企业ESG责任表现对数字化转型更为敏感。结论基于数字化视角可为企业绿色高质量发展提供新思路、新方法,从而为实现“双碳”目标与经济目标提供启示。

生态修复目标司法确认的类型化构造

生态环境修复目标决定了生态环境修复责任的配置程度。司法确认生态环境修复目标的实践中存在损害前状态和功能的适用不合理、可接受风险水平被基本弃用和具体指向笼统模糊等问题,其原因在于司法中恢复原状思维的影响难以消弭以及现实危害的规制被过度关注。司法应当将生态环境修复目标划分为基线水平、人体健康可接受风险水平和生态环境可接受风险水平,然后根据生态环境的特质确认适宜的修复目标。对于价值较高的生态环境应当将其修复到基线水平,对于价值特殊的生态环境,即便在经济不合理的情况下,也应当将其修复到基线水平。对于人类密切相关的受污染生态环境应当将其修复到人体健康可接受风险水平。当生态环境可接受风险水平较为宽松之时可以考虑将其作为修复目标进行适用。