In order to explore the resource utilization of the harmless treatment product(pork meat and bone meal,abbreviated PM)of pigs died of non-communicable diseases,the general nutritional components and amino acid composi...In order to explore the resource utilization of the harmless treatment product(pork meat and bone meal,abbreviated PM)of pigs died of non-communicable diseases,the general nutritional components and amino acid composition of PM and fish meal were determined and compared.The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in PM and fish meal were 3.25%and 8.92%,66.65%and 66.67%,13.52%and 8.23%,18.25%and 21.50%,respectively.The contents of essential amino acids(EAA)in PM and fish meal were 19.94%and 22.35%,respectively.For PM and fish meal,the first limiting amino acid was Met(methionine)+Cys(cysteine),and the second limiting amino acid was Lys(lysine);their essential amino acid indexes(EAAI)were 66.60 and 77.04,respectively;and their delicious amino acid(DAA)contents were 26.89%and 23.15%,respectively.In summary,the meat and bone meal of pigs died of non-communicable diseases has the characteristics of high protein and low ash contents,and has certain development and utilization potential as a recycled waste resource,especially in aquatic feed to replace fish meal.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and safety of black soldier flies fed with dead pig meat and bone meal(DPMBM)and to explore the resource utilization of DPMBM.[Methods]The general...[Objectives]This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and safety of black soldier flies fed with dead pig meat and bone meal(DPMBM)and to explore the resource utilization of DPMBM.[Methods]The general nutrient composition,amino acids,fatty acids and mineral elements of black soldier fly meal(BSLM)were detected and analyzed.[Results]The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in BSLM were 3.42%,42.31%,34.04%and 5.40%,respectively.The contents of total amino acids(TAA),essential amino acids(∑EAA)and non-essential amino acids(∑NEAA)and umami amino acids(∑DAA),the EAA/TAA value and the EAA/NEAA value were 37.93%,13.08%,24.85%,13.43%,34.47%,52.61%,respectively.A total of eight kinds of saturated fatty acids and seven kinds of unsaturated fatty acids were detected,accounting for 63.65%and 32.67%of the total fatty acids.Among the major mineral elements,the content of Ca was the highest,followed by K,Mg and Na.Among the trace mineral elements,the content of Mn was the highest,followed by Fe,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Cd,As,Pb,Se,Sn,Ti,Sb and Hg.The contents of heavy metal mineral elements in BSLM were far lower than the limits specified in Hygienical Standard for Feeds.[Conclusions]In conclusion,BSLM has high nutritional value and good safety of heavy metals,and thus great potential for development and utilization as a high quality dietary protein,fat and mineral elements source.展开更多
With the development of large-scale and intensive pig breeding,the harmless disposal of dead pigs has become increasingly prominent.The method to process dead pigs by biogas engineering can realize resource utilizatio...With the development of large-scale and intensive pig breeding,the harmless disposal of dead pigs has become increasingly prominent.The method to process dead pigs by biogas engineering can realize resource utilization of dead pigs and and obtain high economic benefit. In this paper,through a batch of experiments,the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of dead pigs and pig manure was verified,and effects of addition proportion of dead pigs and reaction temperature on biogas production from the anaerobic co-digestion were analyzed. The results showed that when the reaction temperature was 35 ℃ and the adding proportion of the dead pig was 12%,the fermentation could get the best effect,and the maximum of methane content could reach 64. 72%,while the total biogas yield was up to 5 310 ml,which was 26% higher than single fermentation of pig manure. Meanwhile,the unit TS and VS biogas yield could rise by 30% and 22% respectively.展开更多
To analyze the causes affecting production situation of one pig farm in southwest region,group leader,assistant and related staffs in the pig farm were queried,mating and delivery situation of sow and dead-culling sit...To analyze the causes affecting production situation of one pig farm in southwest region,group leader,assistant and related staffs in the pig farm were queried,mating and delivery situation of sow and dead-culling situation ofpigletwere investigated.The results showed that(1) mating situation: mating 691 pigs,returning to love 42 pigs,abortion 4 pigs,mismatching rate was 7.59%.(2) Delivery situation: delivering 175 nests,total birth 2538,total piglet per fetus 14.5,average healthy piglet per fetus 10.12,invalid piglet rate was30.21%.Among them,mummy fetus,dead fetus,weak piglet and deformity accounted for 47.78%,35.64%,10.71% and 5.87% of invalid piglet.(3) Dead-culling situation: dead-culling rate in breeding process was 12.37%.Among them,diarrhea death wasthemain cause,accounting for 44.47%,followed by pressing,falling to the ground,disease,joint swelling,weakness and other causes,and they respectively accounted for 18.58%,13.36%,13.36%,8.56%,5.85% and 0.62%.展开更多
【目的】实现病死猪无害化处理运输车辆在无害化处理厂和收集点之间流通的安全追溯。【方法】以病死猪无害化处理运输车辆作为研究对象,系统总体构架由三层结构设计:数据服务层、数据处理层和数据采集层;数据采集层采用北斗/GPS双模用...【目的】实现病死猪无害化处理运输车辆在无害化处理厂和收集点之间流通的安全追溯。【方法】以病死猪无害化处理运输车辆作为研究对象,系统总体构架由三层结构设计:数据服务层、数据处理层和数据采集层;数据采集层采用北斗/GPS双模用户机、温度传感器、无线射频阅读器、有源电子标签和GPRS无线传输模块组成,实现对病死猪无害化处理运输车辆安全可追溯系统(traceability safety system of the transport vehicle for dead pig harmless handling,TSDPHH)运输车辆地理位置信息、车厢温度信息、消毒点车载有源电子标签信息的采集与传输。其中,运输车辆地理位置信息主要使用采集到的北斗导航定位系统数据,当北斗导航定位系统数据出现较大偏差时,将GPS导航定位的WGS-84坐标系数据转换到北斗导航系统的BJ-45坐标系,利用GPS导航定位系统对数据进行修正,实现互补定位,提高运输车辆地理位置信息采集精度;在数据处理层实现对采集到的数据进行提取、修改、储存等操作;数据服务层主要是给工作人员、监控部门提供信息服务。本系统以Visual Studio2010为集成开发环境,采用C#语言进行系统开发,在数据库SQL server 2008中利用SQL语言实现对数据的存储、修改。【结果】TSDPHH的功能包括线路安全管理、消毒安全管理、温度监控管理、卫生防疫管理和安全预警管理;利用蚁群算法对病死猪无害化处理运输车辆的路径规划进行仿真,合理规避大型养殖厂、人群密集地等规避区域,仿真结果切合实际,为病死猪无害化处理运输车辆在指定运输区域进行合理路径规划提供参考。TSDPHH为无害化处理厂的工作人员提供了实现运输车辆行走线路监测、运输车辆智能调配、车厢温度监控、车辆信息查询等管理功能,系统在江苏省涟水县病死猪无害化处理厂试点基地进行实地测试,测试表明系统硬件模块工作稳定,网络丢包率为0.26%,车载有源电子标签识别误差率为0.97%;通过运输车辆行走线路Arc GIS监控管理功能模块,对运输车辆进行连续2 h行走路线实时监控,并且对温度监控管理、消毒安全管理等功能模块进行测试,系统各个模块工作正常,能够满足TSDPHH运行要求;同时,通过监控客户端实现以电话、网络、短信的方式为动物卫生防疫的监控管理部门提供服务,将TSDPHH监测数据(车辆行走线路、车厢温度等信息)实时推送给监管部门,实现对病死猪无害化处理运输车辆进行全方位监督管理,保证动物卫生安全。【结论】为病死猪无害化处理运输车辆安全管理提供了有效手段,实现对病死猪无害化处理运输车辆实行全方位监督管理,合理规避动物卫生安全事件的发生,并给其他病死猪无害化处理综合管理系统的开发提供了参考与借鉴。展开更多
基金Major Science and Technology Special Project in Hunan(2017NK1030)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-45-48)。
文摘In order to explore the resource utilization of the harmless treatment product(pork meat and bone meal,abbreviated PM)of pigs died of non-communicable diseases,the general nutritional components and amino acid composition of PM and fish meal were determined and compared.The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in PM and fish meal were 3.25%and 8.92%,66.65%and 66.67%,13.52%and 8.23%,18.25%and 21.50%,respectively.The contents of essential amino acids(EAA)in PM and fish meal were 19.94%and 22.35%,respectively.For PM and fish meal,the first limiting amino acid was Met(methionine)+Cys(cysteine),and the second limiting amino acid was Lys(lysine);their essential amino acid indexes(EAAI)were 66.60 and 77.04,respectively;and their delicious amino acid(DAA)contents were 26.89%and 23.15%,respectively.In summary,the meat and bone meal of pigs died of non-communicable diseases has the characteristics of high protein and low ash contents,and has certain development and utilization potential as a recycled waste resource,especially in aquatic feed to replace fish meal.
基金Supported by Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-45)Science and Technology Major Project of Hunan Province(2017NK1030).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and safety of black soldier flies fed with dead pig meat and bone meal(DPMBM)and to explore the resource utilization of DPMBM.[Methods]The general nutrient composition,amino acids,fatty acids and mineral elements of black soldier fly meal(BSLM)were detected and analyzed.[Results]The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in BSLM were 3.42%,42.31%,34.04%and 5.40%,respectively.The contents of total amino acids(TAA),essential amino acids(∑EAA)and non-essential amino acids(∑NEAA)and umami amino acids(∑DAA),the EAA/TAA value and the EAA/NEAA value were 37.93%,13.08%,24.85%,13.43%,34.47%,52.61%,respectively.A total of eight kinds of saturated fatty acids and seven kinds of unsaturated fatty acids were detected,accounting for 63.65%and 32.67%of the total fatty acids.Among the major mineral elements,the content of Ca was the highest,followed by K,Mg and Na.Among the trace mineral elements,the content of Mn was the highest,followed by Fe,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Cd,As,Pb,Se,Sn,Ti,Sb and Hg.The contents of heavy metal mineral elements in BSLM were far lower than the limits specified in Hygienical Standard for Feeds.[Conclusions]In conclusion,BSLM has high nutritional value and good safety of heavy metals,and thus great potential for development and utilization as a high quality dietary protein,fat and mineral elements source.
基金Supported by Project of Applying Science and Technology in Agriculture in Shanghai City((2014)No.5-4)National Key Technology R&D Program(2015BAD21B04)
文摘With the development of large-scale and intensive pig breeding,the harmless disposal of dead pigs has become increasingly prominent.The method to process dead pigs by biogas engineering can realize resource utilization of dead pigs and and obtain high economic benefit. In this paper,through a batch of experiments,the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of dead pigs and pig manure was verified,and effects of addition proportion of dead pigs and reaction temperature on biogas production from the anaerobic co-digestion were analyzed. The results showed that when the reaction temperature was 35 ℃ and the adding proportion of the dead pig was 12%,the fermentation could get the best effect,and the maximum of methane content could reach 64. 72%,while the total biogas yield was up to 5 310 ml,which was 26% higher than single fermentation of pig manure. Meanwhile,the unit TS and VS biogas yield could rise by 30% and 22% respectively.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities:the Young Teachers Fund of Southwest Minzu University(2017NZYQN38)Innovative Scientific Research Project for Postgraduates of Southwest Minzu University(CX2018SZ43)
文摘To analyze the causes affecting production situation of one pig farm in southwest region,group leader,assistant and related staffs in the pig farm were queried,mating and delivery situation of sow and dead-culling situation ofpigletwere investigated.The results showed that(1) mating situation: mating 691 pigs,returning to love 42 pigs,abortion 4 pigs,mismatching rate was 7.59%.(2) Delivery situation: delivering 175 nests,total birth 2538,total piglet per fetus 14.5,average healthy piglet per fetus 10.12,invalid piglet rate was30.21%.Among them,mummy fetus,dead fetus,weak piglet and deformity accounted for 47.78%,35.64%,10.71% and 5.87% of invalid piglet.(3) Dead-culling situation: dead-culling rate in breeding process was 12.37%.Among them,diarrhea death wasthemain cause,accounting for 44.47%,followed by pressing,falling to the ground,disease,joint swelling,weakness and other causes,and they respectively accounted for 18.58%,13.36%,13.36%,8.56%,5.85% and 0.62%.
文摘【目的】实现病死猪无害化处理运输车辆在无害化处理厂和收集点之间流通的安全追溯。【方法】以病死猪无害化处理运输车辆作为研究对象,系统总体构架由三层结构设计:数据服务层、数据处理层和数据采集层;数据采集层采用北斗/GPS双模用户机、温度传感器、无线射频阅读器、有源电子标签和GPRS无线传输模块组成,实现对病死猪无害化处理运输车辆安全可追溯系统(traceability safety system of the transport vehicle for dead pig harmless handling,TSDPHH)运输车辆地理位置信息、车厢温度信息、消毒点车载有源电子标签信息的采集与传输。其中,运输车辆地理位置信息主要使用采集到的北斗导航定位系统数据,当北斗导航定位系统数据出现较大偏差时,将GPS导航定位的WGS-84坐标系数据转换到北斗导航系统的BJ-45坐标系,利用GPS导航定位系统对数据进行修正,实现互补定位,提高运输车辆地理位置信息采集精度;在数据处理层实现对采集到的数据进行提取、修改、储存等操作;数据服务层主要是给工作人员、监控部门提供信息服务。本系统以Visual Studio2010为集成开发环境,采用C#语言进行系统开发,在数据库SQL server 2008中利用SQL语言实现对数据的存储、修改。【结果】TSDPHH的功能包括线路安全管理、消毒安全管理、温度监控管理、卫生防疫管理和安全预警管理;利用蚁群算法对病死猪无害化处理运输车辆的路径规划进行仿真,合理规避大型养殖厂、人群密集地等规避区域,仿真结果切合实际,为病死猪无害化处理运输车辆在指定运输区域进行合理路径规划提供参考。TSDPHH为无害化处理厂的工作人员提供了实现运输车辆行走线路监测、运输车辆智能调配、车厢温度监控、车辆信息查询等管理功能,系统在江苏省涟水县病死猪无害化处理厂试点基地进行实地测试,测试表明系统硬件模块工作稳定,网络丢包率为0.26%,车载有源电子标签识别误差率为0.97%;通过运输车辆行走线路Arc GIS监控管理功能模块,对运输车辆进行连续2 h行走路线实时监控,并且对温度监控管理、消毒安全管理等功能模块进行测试,系统各个模块工作正常,能够满足TSDPHH运行要求;同时,通过监控客户端实现以电话、网络、短信的方式为动物卫生防疫的监控管理部门提供服务,将TSDPHH监测数据(车辆行走线路、车厢温度等信息)实时推送给监管部门,实现对病死猪无害化处理运输车辆进行全方位监督管理,保证动物卫生安全。【结论】为病死猪无害化处理运输车辆安全管理提供了有效手段,实现对病死猪无害化处理运输车辆实行全方位监督管理,合理规避动物卫生安全事件的发生,并给其他病死猪无害化处理综合管理系统的开发提供了参考与借鉴。