Objectives:Death fear is the main subject in thanatology.Several researchers have defined different reasons for fear of death.This study aimed to explore the performance of the Farsi version of the Reasons for Death F...Objectives:Death fear is the main subject in thanatology.Several researchers have defined different reasons for fear of death.This study aimed to explore the performance of the Farsi version of the Reasons for Death Fear Scale(RDFS)among a convenience sample of Iranian nurses(n=106).Methods:The nurses were selected by the convenience sampling method and were asked to complete the RDFS,Death Concern Scale,Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale,Death Anxiety Scale,Death Depression Scale,and Death Obsession Scale.Results:For the RDFS,the Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.90,and the 2-week test-retest reliability was 0.64.The RDFS was correlated at 0.34,0.39,0.50,0.35,and 0.39 to the above-mentioned five scales,indicating its good construct and criterion-related validity.Based on the exploratory factor analysis,the RDFS-identified four factors accounted for 66.20%of the variance and were labeled as"Fear of Pain and Punishment,""Fear of Losing Worldly Involvements,""Religious Transgressions and Failures,"and"Parting from Loved Ones."Conclusions:The RDFS presents good validity and reliability and can be used in clinical and research settings in Iran.展开更多
Crop diseases cause enormous yield losses and threaten global food security.Deployment of resistant cultivars can effectively control the disease and to minimize crop losses.However,high level of genetic immunity to d...Crop diseases cause enormous yield losses and threaten global food security.Deployment of resistant cultivars can effectively control the disease and to minimize crop losses.However,high level of genetic immunity to disease was often accompanied by an undesired reduction in crop growth and yield.Recently,literatures have been rapidly emerged in understanding the mechanism of disease resistance and development genes in crop plants.To determine how and why the costs and the likely benefit of resistance genes caused in crop varieties,we re-summarized the present knowledge about the crosstalk between plant development and disease resistance caused by those genes that function as plasma membrane residents,MAPK cassette,nuclear envelope(NE)channels components and pleiotropic regulators.Considering the growth-defense tradeoffs on the basis of current advances,finally,we try to understand and suggest that a reasonable balancing strategies based on the interplay between immunity with growth should be considered to enhance immunity capacity without yield penalty in future crop breeding.展开更多
文摘Objectives:Death fear is the main subject in thanatology.Several researchers have defined different reasons for fear of death.This study aimed to explore the performance of the Farsi version of the Reasons for Death Fear Scale(RDFS)among a convenience sample of Iranian nurses(n=106).Methods:The nurses were selected by the convenience sampling method and were asked to complete the RDFS,Death Concern Scale,Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale,Death Anxiety Scale,Death Depression Scale,and Death Obsession Scale.Results:For the RDFS,the Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.90,and the 2-week test-retest reliability was 0.64.The RDFS was correlated at 0.34,0.39,0.50,0.35,and 0.39 to the above-mentioned five scales,indicating its good construct and criterion-related validity.Based on the exploratory factor analysis,the RDFS-identified four factors accounted for 66.20%of the variance and were labeled as"Fear of Pain and Punishment,""Fear of Losing Worldly Involvements,""Religious Transgressions and Failures,"and"Parting from Loved Ones."Conclusions:The RDFS presents good validity and reliability and can be used in clinical and research settings in Iran.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1401000).
文摘Crop diseases cause enormous yield losses and threaten global food security.Deployment of resistant cultivars can effectively control the disease and to minimize crop losses.However,high level of genetic immunity to disease was often accompanied by an undesired reduction in crop growth and yield.Recently,literatures have been rapidly emerged in understanding the mechanism of disease resistance and development genes in crop plants.To determine how and why the costs and the likely benefit of resistance genes caused in crop varieties,we re-summarized the present knowledge about the crosstalk between plant development and disease resistance caused by those genes that function as plasma membrane residents,MAPK cassette,nuclear envelope(NE)channels components and pleiotropic regulators.Considering the growth-defense tradeoffs on the basis of current advances,finally,we try to understand and suggest that a reasonable balancing strategies based on the interplay between immunity with growth should be considered to enhance immunity capacity without yield penalty in future crop breeding.
