A Study on the Design for Object-Oriented Adaptive Decision-Making Teams

The modern war features a highly distributed coordination. In the face of great time constrains, it is important to change command organizations to adapt to the real environment. Therefore it's a key step to set up adaptive C2 teams. In this paper, the relational problems about distributed C2 organizational structure adaptation are discussed, and the methodology for team decision making design based on the object oriented technique is studied.

NDVI-Based Lacunarity Texture for Improving Identification of Torreya Using Object-Oriented Method

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） is a very useful feature for differentiating vegetation and non-vegetation in remote sensed imagery. In the light of the function of NDVI and the spatial patterns of the vegetation landscapes, we proposed the lacunarity texture derived from NDVI to characterize the spatial patterns of vegetation landscapes concerning the ＂gappiness＂ or ＂emptiness＂ characteristics. The NDVI-based lacunarity texture was incorporated into object-oriented classification for improving the identification of vegetation categories, especially Torreya which was the targeted tree species in the present research. A three-level hierarchical network of image objects was defined and the proposed texture was integrated as potential sources of information in the rules base. A knowledge base of rules created by classifier C5.0 indicated that the texture could potentially be applied in object-oriented classification. It was found that the addition of such texture improved the identification of every vegetation category. The results demonstrated that the texture could characterize the spatial patterns of vegetation structures, which could be a promising approach for vegetation identification.

Kind of Fuzzy Method Determining Index Weight on Multi-Objctive Decision Making

Based on fuzzy characteristic of dicision-making thought, matrix of priority relation has been introduced and blurrized. A kind of fuzzy method, which is to determine the index weight on multi-objective decision making, has been put forward by means of the sequence root method for analysis of hierarchical process (AHP). Using this method an example which is to define the index weigbt on multi-objective decision making in thc scheme optimization of mine design has been given.

Ranking environmental projects model based on multicriteria decision-making and the weight sensitivity analysis

With the fast growth of Chinese economic, more and more capital will be invested in environmental projects. How to select the environmental investment projects （alternatives） for obtaining the best environmental quality and economic benefits is an important problem for the decision makers. The purpose of this paper is to develop a decision-making model to rank a finite number of alternatives with several and sometimes conflicting criteria. A model for ranking the projects of municipal sewage treatment plants is proposed by using exports＇ information and the data of the real projects. And, the ranking result is given based on the PROMETHEE method. Furthermore, by means of the concept of the weight stability intervals （WSI）, the sensitivity of the ranking results to the size of criteria values and the change of weights value of criteria are discussed. The result shows that some criteria, such as “proportion of benefit to project cost”, will influence the ranking result of alternatives very strong while others not. The influence are not only from the value of criterion but also from the changing the weight of criterion. So, some criteria such as “proportion of benefit to project cost” are key critera for ranking the projects. Decision makers must be cautious to them.

Object-Oriented Modeling of the Variation of Acceleration and Deceleration Characteristics in Relation to Speed Bands for Railway Vehicles

Automated operation and artificial intelligence technology have become essential for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and punctuality of railways, with applications such as ATO (Automatic Train Operation). In this study, the authors propose a method to efficiently simulate the kinematic characteristics of railroad vehicles depending on their speed zone. They utilized the function overloading function supported by a programming language and applied the fourth-order Lunge-Kutta method for dynamic simulation. By constructing an object model, the authors calculated vehicle characteristics and TPS and compared them with actual values, verifying that the developed model represents the real-life vehicle characteristics accurately. The study highlights potential improvements in automated driving and energy consumption optimization in the railway industry.

A Multi-Criteria Decision Making for the Unrelated Parallel Machines Scheduling Problem

In this paper, we propose a multi-criteria machine-schedules decision making method that can be applied to a produc-tion environment involving several unrelated parallel machines and we will focus on three objectives: minimizing makespan, total flow time, and total number of tardy jobs. The decision making method consists of three phases. In the first phase, a mathematical model of a single machine scheduling problem, of which the objective is a weighted sum of the three objectives, is constructed. Such a model will be repeatedly solved by the CPLEX in the proposed Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing (MOSA) algorithm. In the second phase, the MOSA that integrates job clustering method, job group scheduling method, and job group – machine assignment method, is employed to obtain a set of non-dominated group schedules. During this phase, CPLEX software and the bipartite weighted matching algorithm are used repeatedly as parts of the MOSA algorithm. In the last phase, the technique of data envelopment analysis is applied to determine the most preferable schedule. A practical example is then presented in order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed decision making method.

一种基于Object-Z的面向方面建模方法

提出一种基于Object-Z的形式化面向方面建模语言及其建模方法。方面规范提供了观察基本模块和方面模块的行为、描述它们相互关系的手段,编织机制将两类模块系统地集成为一个完整的系统模型。该方法能有效地简化系统建模,提高系统模型的可复用性,也为进一步验证系统性质提供了理论基础。

A Simulation-Based Decision Support System for Manufacturing Enterprise

The simulation-based decision support system (SBDSS) is designed to achieve a highlevel of performance, flexibility and adaptability, in response to meet the special needs of productionand logistics management during the economic system reform era in China. It consists two subsys-tems: the object library modeler (OLM) and the simulation engine and its manager (SEM). UsingSBDSS the decision makers can work out their optimal production choice under certain circumstancesthrough scenario simulations. And they can test a set of virtual organizations reflecting systems re-form before a real reorganization has been taken, as well as perform a virtual manufacturing processfor a new product design (Copyright @ 1998 IFAC).

Mixed Least Square Method for Priority of Complementary Judgement Matrix and Its Algorithm

Based on the concept of multiplicative fuzzy consistent complementary judgement matrix, the mixed least square method （MLSM） for priority of complementary judgement matrix is proposed and proved. Then, the corresponding convergent iterative algorithm is given and its convergence is proved. Finally, some main properties of the developed priority method, such as rank preservation under strong condition, etc., ate introduced. The theoretical analyses show that the MLSM can sufficiently reflect the preference information of the decision maker, and is easy to realize on a computer.

基于组合赋权与灰云模型的综合能源系统需求响应效益评价

考虑到当前综合能源系统研究缺乏完善的需求响应量化评估方案,难以在优化运行层面综合评估需求响应效益这一问题,提出了一种基于改进AHP群决策—CRITIC组合赋权与灰云模型的综合能源系统需求响应效益评价方法。首先,从综合能效性、社会经济性和需求侧互动性三个维度构建了需求响应效益评价指标体系。其次,采用一致性和权重拟合性更优的指数标度法构造判断矩阵,降低赋值误差,并通过AHP群决策法确定主观权重,从而削弱主观极值偏差对权重的影响;在由CRITIC法确定客观权重后,基于最小欧氏距离建立组合权重模型,并通过非线性规划求取最优组合权重;针对评价等级信息的模糊性与隶属等级的随机性,采用正态灰云白化权模型确定指标分类等级与场景评分。最后,以北方某综合能源系统为例,根据用户参与需求响应方式设置了4种运行场景,分析了不同需求响应对系统运行的影响与作用,算例结果表明所提指标体系与评价方法科学有效。

基于组合赋权云模型的塔台管制系统运行安全评估

随着我国民航业的迅猛发展,空中交通流量不断攀升,机场塔台管制系统的运行安全面临严峻考验,因此,正确识别和评估风险成为有效提高塔台管制系统运行安全水平的重要前提。为精准且有效地完成对塔台管制系统运行的安全评估,构建了基于模糊决策实验室分析法(Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory,DEMATEL)网络层次分析法(Analytic Network Process,ANP)熵权法云模型的塔台管制系统运行安全评估模型。首先,通过流程图法并结合人机环管的思想建立塔台管制系统运行安全评估指标体系,并采用模糊DEMATEL法确定评估指标间的相互影响关系,绘制评估指标之间的网络结构图;然后,通过ANP法确定各评估指标的主观权重,采用熵权法确定各评估指标的客观权重,并通过博弈论方法计算评估指标的综合权重;最后,将权重结果与评语层云模型结合使用对各级安全评估指标进行安全评估,通过MATLAB软件完成算例的仿真分析。结果表明:该塔台管制系统运行安全等级在一般和良好之间,仍需采取有效措施对某些风险因素进行控制;同时验证了该模型在塔台管制系统运行安全评估中具有可行性和准确性,对塔台管制系统安全评估具有指导意义。

属性权重动态更新的自适应群体共识决策方法

为了提高不确定语言环境下异构多属性群决策的质量、效率及可解释性,提出一种属性权重动态更新的自适应群体共识决策方法。首先,定义不确定语言变量与中间值之间的转换函数,发展多级共识测度,建立计算属性初始权重的双目标优化模型;进而,构建包含群体共识自动达成规则和属性权重动态更新机制的自适应共识模型,实现待调整值的精准定位和自动修改,在优化属性权重的同时进一步提升群体共识水平;然后,对于达成共识的群体决策矩阵,先利用转换函数将中间值转换为不确定语言变量,再使用属性权重和集结算子得到各方案的综合评价结果;最后,通过供应商选择实例和实验比较分析验证所提方法的有效性和可行性。本文研究结果为灵活、高效地求解复杂环境下的多属性群决策问题提供了有效途径。

基于改进DEMATEL-ISM的钢桁梁桥施工风险影响因素研究

为提高钢桁梁桥施工过程中的安全管理,对钢桁梁桥施工中的风险因素进行分析,提出了一种基于改进DEMATEL-ISM的评价方法,首先引入三角模糊数对DEMATEL法中的直接影响矩阵进行改进,从而去模糊化以减少专家评价的主观性,再通过DEMATEL法分析各影响因素的影响度、被影响度、中心度与原因度并加以排序,对得到的主要影响因素进行初步分析,利用ISM法对筛选出的影响因素进行层次划分,得到直接层影响因素、过渡层影响因素与本质影响因素,并针对分析得到的5个本质影响因素提出深入的预防预警措施,可为钢桁梁桥施工方向的安全管理提供针对性措施,为事故预防提供一定的参考依据。

基于改进北方苍鹰优化算法的封闭小区开放决策模型

为减少封闭小区开放过程中安全、环境与噪声等因素带来的影响,考虑小区开放的影响因素与费用值之间的关系,同时考虑小区出口和入口数量对内部交通疏散的影响,建立封闭小区是否开放的多目标优化模型。在北方苍鹰优化算法基础上,优化苍鹰的捕食行为,改进北方苍鹰优化算法对模型进行求解。通过虚拟路网验证模型和改进算法的有效性,计算结果表明,合理设置封闭小区的决策方式,可以减少车辆出行时间和出行总费用值,开放封闭小区能有效缓解交通压力。此外,将改进北方苍鹰优化算法(ENGO)与非支配排序遗传算法和社会工程优化器进行比较,研究结果能表明ENGO具有的优越性,相比其它两种算法,其反世代距离平均上升9.59%,超体积平均上升3.21%,运行时间平均下降5.88%。

基于多准则决策方法的避难场所选址模型研究

针对避难场所规划选址中的现实问题与需求,从方法易操作和可实施角度出发,构建了面向城市规划业务流程与工作实践的防灾避难场所选址模型。该模型基于多准则决策方法(MCDM),以避难场所选址的安全性和均好性为主要目标。模型综合考虑了人口密度、建筑质量、交通系统和避难场所设施配置四项选址影响因素,并采用AHP-熵权法确定影响要素权重。以江阴市为实证案例,套用模型经过两轮评估及编码者测试,最终明确了备选避难场所资源的优先建设排序,验证了模型的可行性与实用性。研究提出的影响要素和量化指标易于取得,打分方法便于操作,适用于城市规划阶段的避难场所规划选址与建设时序决策。

基于24Model-D-ISM的地铁站火灾疏散影响因素研究

为预防地铁站火灾事故,深入了解地铁站火灾人员疏散影响因素间的内在联系与层次结构,基于第6版“2-4”模型(24Model)分析63起地铁站火灾疏散事故,充分考虑各个因素之间的交互作用,提取19个影响地铁站人员疏散的关键因素,建立地铁站火灾人员疏散影响因素指标体系;采用算子客观赋权法(C-OWA)改进决策试验与评价实验法(DEMATEL),确定地铁站火灾人员疏散的重要影响因素;在此基础上,采用解释结构模型(ISM)分析各个因素间的层次结构及相互作用路径,构建地铁站火灾人员疏散影响因素的多级递阶结构模型。研究结果表明:疏散引导、恐慌从众行为、人员拥挤为地铁站火灾人员疏散的关键影响因素;地铁站火灾人员疏散受表层因素、中间层因素、深层因素共同作用的影响,其中,疏散教育与培训、设施维护与检查、疏散预案等因素是根源影响因素,重视根源影响因素的改善有利于从本质上预防和控制事故的发生。

“采购式”和“闲置式”共享经济比较研究

为促进科普工作发展,本文在前期成果WC&MC[1]基础上,对相关内容作了较大拓展。通过研究千家以上共享经济企业的代表性案例,为政府、投资人和创业者提供了一个简单判断共享经济项目的方法。共享经济分为“采购式共享经济”(PSE)和“闲置式共享经济”(ISE)两个类型。采购式共享企业是传统租赁企业,其共享的商品通过采购获得,会增加社会生产规模,其经营维护成本高,创业失败概率大,并会造成巨大的资源浪费和社会问题。由于具备规模经济和现金流优势,风险资本、政府和创业者一开始都会特别中意采购式共享项目,做出错误的决策。闲置式共享企业利用商业模式创新,循环使用社会闲置物,无需采购商品,不增加社会生产规模,将收入同共享闲置商品的主人进行分享而省掉了维护成本,符合人类可持续性发展理念,其经营成本低不易倒闭。社会应扶持闲置式共享企业而严格监管采购式共享企业的发展。风险资本应反思盲目依赖收入变量或现金流进行投资的原则,而应更多关注成本变量和人类可持续性发展原则。建议创业者从闲置式共享切入赛道。

景区分时预约策略下的旅游线路优化方法

为提升游客的旅游体验和景区的服务水平,探讨分时预约策略下游客游览决策行为,分析游客拥挤-调适行为对游线设计的影响及其机理.考虑游客分时预约时段选择下入园时间和游览总时间的变化、可游览景点数等约束,以游客总体拥挤感知最小、游线总体满意度最大和景点间总体走行时间最小为优化目标,构建分时预约策略下的多目标景区路线优化模型,并以颐和园为例进行实证和线路优度评价.结果表明颐和园上午预约时段(06:00—12:00)与下午预约时段(12:00—19:00)的推荐游线优度值分别为75.09、69.00,均高于颐和园推荐游线,表明优化模型精度较高.研究可为合理制定景区分时预约等客流调控措施、旅游线路优化设计、均衡景区客流的时空分布提供支撑.

考虑碳排放的新能源电网电力交易动态定价方法

随着“双碳”目标的持续推进,传统的电力交易体系面临新的挑战。为促进实现碳交易与电力交易市场的衔接,文章在考虑区域碳排放的基础上提出了一种基于电网需求侧响应的电能定价方法。首先,考虑碳减排激励及可控负荷参与调峰响应的经济补偿,建立考虑碳排放及调峰成本的负荷调动成本模型;然后,基于博弈思想,将需求侧储能装置及可控负荷作为灵活性资源,制定了需求侧参与的电能定价体系,并构建了1-K型Stackelberg主从博弈决策模型;最后,针对定价问题的非线性特点,采用遗传算法的逆向归纳法对模型进行求解,并进行了实例验证。仿真结果表明,文章提出的考虑区域碳排放的新能源电网电能定价方法能够促进电力系统的最优运营,可实现新型配电网效率、效益双提升。

曳引电梯部件故障相关性分析

针对电梯部件之间的故障影响,提出将决策试验与评价实验室法和解释结构模型结合建立电梯部件故障层次结构模型,并改进直接影响矩阵的确定方式。首先从多方面获取电梯部件故障关联评价,其次使用熵权法确定评价的权重并计算直接影响矩阵,最后使用建立的电梯部件故障相关模型得到电梯部件故障因果关系和故障传递规则。结果表明:电动机、制动器、限速器为强原因部件,曳引钢丝绳、轿厢以及导向系统的部件为强结果部件;电梯部件故障关联规则体现为同层级或跨层级传递。通过分析部件故障机理,所提方法得到的部件故障传递规则与电梯系统实际运行情况相符。