Fuzzy data envelopment analysis approach based on sample decision making units

The conventional data envelopment analysis （DEA） measures the relative efficiencies of a set of decision making units with exact values of inputs and outputs. In real-world prob- lems, however, inputs and outputs typically have some levels of fuzziness. To analyze a decision making unit （DMU） with fuzzy input/output data, previous studies provided the fuzzy DEA model and proposed an associated evaluating approach. Nonetheless, numerous deficiencies must still be improved, including the α- cut approaches, types of fuzzy numbers, and ranking techniques. Moreover, a fuzzy sample DMU still cannot be evaluated for the Fuzzy DEA model. Therefore, this paper proposes a fuzzy DEA model based on sample decision making unit （FSDEA）. Five eval- uation approaches and the related algorithm and ranking methods are provided to test the fuzzy sample DMU of the FSDEA model. A numerical experiment is used to demonstrate and compare the results with those obtained using alternative approaches.

Perceptions of Collaboration and Satisfaction with Collaboration Regarding Care Decision-Making in Intensive Care Units in Japan: A National Survey

Multi-professional collaboration is being promoted worldwide as a response to the need for sophisticated medical care and for catering to patients’ diverse needs. Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are seriously ill, and their families may be at risk depending on the patient’s situation. Considering these characteristics of patients and families, there is a strong need for multi-professional collaboration within ICUs. The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine recognition and other factors related to collaboration and satisfaction involving care decisions in Japanese ICUs. A mail survey about collaboration of activities and systems was sent to physicians, clinical engineers, and nurses working in ICUs in Japan, 387 consented to participate in this study. Results showed that satisfaction scores were generally high among the three aforementioned professions, but collaboration scores on deciding care for patients showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The total collaboration score was the highest among physicians (36.7 ± 6.7 points), followed by nurses (32.8 ± 7.4 points), and CEs (32.8 ± 7.4 points). The factors that commonly affected collaboration scores were the satisfaction score and the ability to collaborate with other professionals and set team medical care as a goal. Moreover, it is worth noting that the degree of difficulty in collaboration negatively affected this factor. On the other hand, other factors differed among the three professions, suggesting that the purpose and need for collaboration differ depending on the profession.

Classifying and ranking DMUs in interval DEA

During efficiency evaluating by DEA, the inputs and outputs of DMUs may be intervals because of insufficient information or measure error. For this reason, interval DEA is proposed. To make the efficiency scores more discriminative, this paper builds an Interval Modified DEA (IMDEA) model based on MDEA. Furthermore, models of obtaining upper and lower bounds of the efficiency scores for each DMU are set up. Based on this, the DMUs are classified into three types. Next, a new order relation between intervals which can express the DM’s preference to the three types is proposed. As a result, a full and more convictive ranking is made on all the DMUs. Finally an example is given.

Vigilance in Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units

Background and Aim: Vigilance is an essential element in intensive care nursing. This study was conducted to determine nursing vigilance in nurses working in the intensive care units of educational and medical centers in Ardabil, Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study with 192 ICU nurses as the participants. The data were obtained through questionnaires regarding demographic characteristics and nursing vigilance. SPSS software version 24 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The mean total vigilance score was 3.86 ± 0.23 of 5. The mean scores of the timely diagnosis of changes, pattern recognition, and clinical decision-making subscales were 4.07 ± 0.26, 04.04 ± 0.41, and 3.44 ± 0.25, respectively. No significant relationships were observed between the total or subscale vigilance scores and other demographic characteristics. Conclusion: We assessed ICU nurses’ vigilance behaviors and found that their mean vigilance score was higher than the expected average, indicating our participants had a high level of clinical vigilance. These results suggest a need for effective educational interventions to boost clinical decision-making skills in ICU nurses, especially younger nurses.

基于物联网重症监护设备的临床辅助决策研究

目的:减轻医生临床压力,提高信息化辅助临床诊断决策水平。方法:运用物联网采集装置,采集重症监护室、普通病房呼吸机、监护仪等治疗设备生命体征和报警信息,设计假阳性报警过滤和临床辅助诊断信息化模型工具。结果:通过实施假阳性报警过滤和临床辅助诊断信息化工具,为医院阳性报警、远程ICU等应用推广提供数据支持。结论:重症监护室信息化辅助决策的研究与应用,可提升临床医生的决策效率,减轻临床工作压力,提高医疗服务水平。

美英日国家图书馆智库服务研究

国家图书馆智库作为国家发展和治理的重要支撑,其建设和发展应受到关注和重视。文章从机构概况、服务内容、服务成果三方面,详细介绍并对比了美国国会图书馆、英国下议院图书馆和日本国立国会图书馆的智库情况,并从人才队伍、组织结构、研究领域以及平台建设等方面,对我国国家图书馆智库建设和服务提出建议。

某三甲儿童医院重症患儿照顾者决策疲劳现状及影响因素分析

目的调查某三甲儿童医院重症患儿照顾者决策疲劳现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,于2022年6月-2023年6月选取在儿童重症监护室(pediatric intensive care unit,PICU)住院治疗的118例重症患儿的照顾者作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、决策疲劳量表、家庭成员决策自我效能量表对其进行调查。结果该组重症患儿照顾者决策疲劳量表得分为(12.16±3.81)分,决策疲劳量表得分与家庭成员决策自我效能量表得分呈负相关(r=-0.882,P=0.012)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,重症患儿照顾者性别、患儿入住PICU天数、家庭平均月收入、决策自我效能是患儿照顾者决策疲劳的独立影响因素(R^(2)=0.952,_(△)R^(2)=0.902,F=16.819,P<0.001)。结论PICU重症患儿照顾者决策疲劳处于中等水平,医护人员应重点关注女性、家庭平均月收入低、患儿入住PICU时间长、决策自我效能水平低的患儿照顾者,及时向照顾者提供重症患儿病情、治疗方案、预后等信息,加强其心理支持,提升照顾者决策自我效能,从而降低其决策疲劳水平。

ICU患者家属决策困境研究现状及启示

由于ICU环境的特殊性,家属探视时间被严格限制,家属不能与患者及时沟通以了解其意愿偏好,且疾病的突发性和临床的不确定性容易导致家属在决策时产生矛盾心理,从而陷入决策困境。概述了关于ICU患者家属决策困境的概念、评估工具、决策困境产生的原因、由于决策困境产生的影响,以及决策困境的应对策略,以期为未来ICU患者家属决策困境的干预提供理论依据,提高ICU患者家属代理决策质量,缩短患者住院时间,改善患者健康结局,从而提高医疗护理满意度。

网络信息时代C2组织结构的六维模型

从一般性组织结构的创新思路及指挥与控制(commandandcontrol,C2)方法空间模型出发,以决策权的分配程度、横向协调程度、交互程度、C2单元的规模大小、C2单元的数量及关系影响强度6个维度来描述网络信息时代C2组织结构内中心与边缘C2单元之间的关系。通过构建C2组织结构的六维模型,厘清信息共享在组织横纵向间的共享,决策权在不同层级之中有效赋能与分发,该组织结构在应对网络信息时代下不确定的战时环境时与传统结构相比更具备决胜优势。

交直流电网实时协调安全控制技术设计与实现

针对交直流混联送端电网依然存在着暂态稳定、弱阻尼振荡和频率稳定等运行风险,提出了交直流电网实时协调安全控制技术。根据送端电网受扰后不同阶段的特点,交直流电网实时协调安全控制技术充分发挥电力电子装置的控制性能,对暂态稳定、频率稳定和动态稳定等多种稳定过程协调优化并进行附加控制。以许继的HCM3000软硬件平台为稳控执行单元开展交直流电网实时协调安全附加控制技术研究,实现控制策略的在线优化,并在实验室条件下验证了交直流电网实时协调安全控制策略的有效性。

随机DMU相对稳定有效性分析

基于均值-方差原理,提出了随机条件下决策单元相对稳定有效的概念,建立了随机DEA模型,分析了其相对稳定有效性并给出模型的求解方法。

Decision Making for Managing Community Flood Risks:Perspectives of United States Floodplain Managers

To reduce flood losses,floodplain managers make decisions on how to effectively manage their community’s flood risks.While there is a growing body of research that examines how individuals and households make decisions to manage their flood risks,far less attention has been directed at understanding the decision-making processes for flood management at the community level.This study aimed to narrow this research gap by examining floodplain managers’perceptions of the quality of their community’s flood management decision-making processes.Data gathered from interviews with 200 floodplain managers in the United States indicate that most floodplain managers perceive their community’s flood management decision-making processes to be good.The results also indicate that communities participating in the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Community Rating System,as well as communities with a higher level of concern for flooding and a lower poverty rate,are significantly more likely to report better flood management decision-making processes.

Data envelopment analysis procedure with two non-homogeneous DMU groups

The classic data envelopment analysis（DEA） model is used to evaluate decision-making units＇（DMUs） efficiency under the assumption that all DMUs are evaluated with the same criteria setting. Recently, new researches begin to focus on the efficiency analysis of non-homogeneous DMU arose by real practices such as the evaluation of departments in a university, where departments argue for the adoption of different criteria based on their disciplinary characteristics. A DEA procedure is proposed in this paper to address the efficiency analysis of two non-homogeneous DMU groups. Firstly, an analytical framework is established to compromise diversified input and output（IO） criteria from two nonhomogenous groups. Then, a criteria fusion operation is designed to obtain different DEA analysis strategies. Meanwhile, Friedman test is introduced to analyze the consistency of all efficiency results produced by different strategies. Next, ordered weighted averaging（OWA） operators are applied to integrate different information to reach final conclusions. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the proposed method. The result indicates that the proposed method relaxes the restriction of the classical DEA model,and can provide more analytical flexibility to address different decision analysis scenarios arose from practical applications.

具有固定输入DMU的成本效率估计

讨论了评价生产有效性的非参数方法DEA在计算决策单元成本效率中的应用.针对具有固定投入的DEA效率评估模型,本文提出了这类生产系统决策单元的成本效率概念以及测算公式,并结合具体算例对有关定义和模型进行了验证.

城市高压配电网负荷转供辅助决策关键技术与系统

城市电网灵活性不足是造成系统调峰与输电阻塞问题的根本原因,为解决这一问题,提出了一种考虑城市高压配电网负荷转供及储能充放电策略的协同优化策略,并开发了一套可实现高压配电网灵活运行调度的在线辅助决策系统。通过分析城市高压配电网的拓扑特点,在其变电单元简化拓扑建模的基础上,分别以最小化220 kV输电网运行成本和110 kV高压配电网负荷削减成本为上、下层目标,建立时序双层优化模型,通过上下层模型的不断交替迭代,实现对高压配电网拓扑状态及储能运行状态的求解;基于高压配电网标准化站内接线的电气拓扑聚合通用方法,开发了一套可满足高压配电网灵活调度的运行控制与决策支持系统,以实现城市高压配电系统分布式新能源和储能广泛发展的运行方式优化以及调峰与负荷转供策略制定。最后,以某地区电网为例进行方法建模和实用性分析,测试并验证了所提方法的可行性与应用前景。

基于GIS-MCDM-GRU的舟山市波浪能电站选址决策研究

选址决策是开发利用波浪能资源的重要前提。为实现波浪能电站选址决策,本文基于地理信息系统(Geographic information system,GIS)、多准则决策(Multi-criteria decision making,MCDM)方法和门控循环单元(Gated recurrent unit,GRU)神经网络建立波浪能选址决策方法框架。在决策过程中,为降低主观偏差,提出基于云-层次分析法(Analytic hierarchy process,AHP)和熵值法的组合赋权方法进行权重求解;为更加准确地描述实际情况,应用基于区间数的简单加权法进行方案排序;为提高电站后期实施运行的可预测性和可控性,采用GRU神经网络对最优场址波功率密度进行短期预测。最后,以舟山市波浪能电站选址为例验证了该方法的鲁棒性和可靠性。本文为中国波浪能电站建设提供了重要的理论依据。

连续性肾脏替代治疗患者家属决策后悔现状及影响因素分析

目的了解连续性肾脏替代治疗患者家属决策后悔现状及影响因素,为针对性干预提供参考。方法采用一般资料调查表,决策后悔量表、决策参与量表、决策冲突量表、决策准备度量表对102名连续性肾脏替代治疗患者家属进行问卷调查。结果患者家属决策后悔得分为36.86±13.98,83.35%的家属决策后悔水平较高;决策类型中78人为被动型,14人为主动型,10人属于合作型;决策准备度得分为51.57±15.43;决策冲突得分27.63±9.47;决策准备度与决策后悔呈负相关,决策冲突与决策后悔呈正相关(均P<0.05);多元逐步线性回归分析显示,性别、照护经历、对连续性肾脏替代治疗了解程度、决策类型、决策准备度是患者家属决策后悔的重要影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论连续性肾脏替代治疗患者家属大部分存在决策后悔且水平较高,受多种因素影响;医护人员可针对男性、对连续性肾脏替代治疗缺乏了解、被动性决策及准备度较低的家属实施干预,以降低其决策后悔程度。

ICU急性肾损伤患者连续性肾脏替代治疗上机时家属决策困境的现象学研究

目的 探索ICU急性肾损伤患者连续性肾脏替代治疗上机时家属决策过程中面临的困境,为促进医患共同决策提供参考。方法 运用现象学研究方法,选取2022年6-8月在太原市某三级甲等医院ICU内行连续性肾脏替代治疗的患者家属15例进行半结构式访谈,采用Colaizzi七步分析法进行资料分析。结果 患者家属的决策困境包括3个主题:决策困境前因(决策内容复杂、信息来源广泛但利用程度低、决策时间紧急)、决策困境内容(权衡治疗利弊、家庭意见分歧、经济现实与舆论压力的冲突)、决策困境体验(情绪调节失控、认知处理能力下降)。结论 连续性肾脏替代治疗患者家属临床决策存在困境,受多重因素影响,医护人员应关注患者家属连续性肾脏替代治疗上机的决策困境,及时识别其决策状态,采取针对性措施改善其决策困境。

“效益-成本”多属性区间型决策的联系数新算法

对于属性值是区间数的效益-成本型多属性决策问题,首先把区间数转换成集对分析理论中的二元联系数,再利用二元联系数中不确定性系数取示性值的原理计算出二元联系数的效应值.用此效应值计算每个方案的综合效益与综合成本的商.根据商的大小对方案集中的方案进行优劣排序,由此形成基于区间数向联系数转换的效益-成本型决策模型,此过程思路清晰,算法简明.实例应用及其与其他决策方法的比较,说明了该模型的优越性和推广应用价值.

中压配电网近邻交互式分布式拓扑辨识算法

分布式决策的智能保护控制是应对分布式电源广泛接入后中压配电网灵活性和安全性挑战的前瞻性技术。实现智能分布式决策的前提是每个智能终端(smart terminal unit,STU)均能快速辨识和跟踪所在线路的拓扑连接关系及其变化。对此,文中提出一种基于对等通信且具有高容错性的分布式拓扑辨识算法。配置在环网节点的STU无须预存馈线组静态拓扑,仅依靠本地量测以及与近邻终端的信息交换,通过规则判断的方式,就能实现对馈线组完整拓扑和开环方式的动态跟踪与辨识,减少算法对终端的配置要求。同时,算法仅须各STU交互基本的量测信息与判断信息,降低对通信条件的要求。算例表明该方法合理有效,且通过结合本地量测互校核和对侧连通性预判修正,可显著提高拓扑辨识对量测数据的容错能力。