Mountainous areas exhibit highly variable decomposition rates as a result of strong local differences in climate and vegetation type. This paper describes the effect of these factors on two major determinants of the l...Mountainous areas exhibit highly variable decomposition rates as a result of strong local differences in climate and vegetation type. This paper describes the effect of these factors on two major determinants of the local carbon cycle: litter decomposition and carbon stabilization. In order to adequately reflect local heterogeneity, we have sampled 12 typical plant communities of the Russian Caucasus. In order to minimize confounding effects and encourage comparative studies, we have adapted the widely used tea bag index(TBI) that is typically used in areas with low decomposition. By incubating standardized tea litter for a year, we investigated whether(1) initial litter decomposition rate(k) is negatively correlated with litter stabilization(S) and(2) whether k or S exhibit correlations with altitude and other environmental conditions. Our results show that S and k are not correlated. Altitude, p H, and water content significantly influenced the stabilization factor S, while soil-freezing had no influence. In contrast, none of these factors predicted the decomposition rate k. Based on our data, we argue that collection of decomposition rates alone, as is now common practice, is not sufficient to understand carbon input to soils and can potentially lead to misleading results. Our data on community-specific decomposition and stabilization rates further constrain estimates of litter accumulation in subalpine communities and the potential effects of climate change.展开更多
We first study the relationship between operators decomposable with respect to identity and decomposable multiplication operators introduced by C. Apostol. Let (?) be a Banaeh space.Theorem 1. T is an operator decompo...We first study the relationship between operators decomposable with respect to identity and decomposable multiplication operators introduced by C. Apostol. Let (?) be a Banaeh space.Theorem 1. T is an operator decomposable with respect to the identity if and only if T is a decomposable multiplication operator on an uniform dosed normal subalgebra A of B((?)).Corollary. The sum or product of two commutative decomposable operators on a reflexive Banach space is decomposable.展开更多
In the Pontrjagin space π_K, there is a basic result that for any unitary (or self adjoint) operator, there exists a non-positive K-dimensional invariant subspace. For a self adjoint operator A on Krien space π, if ...In the Pontrjagin space π_K, there is a basic result that for any unitary (or self adjoint) operator, there exists a non-positive K-dimensional invariant subspace. For a self adjoint operator A on Krien space π, if π=H_-⊕_+ is a regular decomposition of π, and P_-AP_+ is a compact operator, then there exists a maximum non-positive in-展开更多
In this paper, it is shown that, for a contraction on π_k, the intersection of its spectrum with the exterior of the unit disk is a finite set of isolated eigenvalues, each of which has finite multplicity. Futhermore...In this paper, it is shown that, for a contraction on π_k, the intersection of its spectrum with the exterior of the unit disk is a finite set of isolated eigenvalues, each of which has finite multplicity. Futhermore some relations between its spectrum and the spectrum of its minimal unitary dilation are established.展开更多
基金supported by Russian Science Foundation(RSF),grant№16-14-10208
文摘Mountainous areas exhibit highly variable decomposition rates as a result of strong local differences in climate and vegetation type. This paper describes the effect of these factors on two major determinants of the local carbon cycle: litter decomposition and carbon stabilization. In order to adequately reflect local heterogeneity, we have sampled 12 typical plant communities of the Russian Caucasus. In order to minimize confounding effects and encourage comparative studies, we have adapted the widely used tea bag index(TBI) that is typically used in areas with low decomposition. By incubating standardized tea litter for a year, we investigated whether(1) initial litter decomposition rate(k) is negatively correlated with litter stabilization(S) and(2) whether k or S exhibit correlations with altitude and other environmental conditions. Our results show that S and k are not correlated. Altitude, p H, and water content significantly influenced the stabilization factor S, while soil-freezing had no influence. In contrast, none of these factors predicted the decomposition rate k. Based on our data, we argue that collection of decomposition rates alone, as is now common practice, is not sufficient to understand carbon input to soils and can potentially lead to misleading results. Our data on community-specific decomposition and stabilization rates further constrain estimates of litter accumulation in subalpine communities and the potential effects of climate change.
文摘We first study the relationship between operators decomposable with respect to identity and decomposable multiplication operators introduced by C. Apostol. Let (?) be a Banaeh space.Theorem 1. T is an operator decomposable with respect to the identity if and only if T is a decomposable multiplication operator on an uniform dosed normal subalgebra A of B((?)).Corollary. The sum or product of two commutative decomposable operators on a reflexive Banach space is decomposable.
文摘In the Pontrjagin space π_K, there is a basic result that for any unitary (or self adjoint) operator, there exists a non-positive K-dimensional invariant subspace. For a self adjoint operator A on Krien space π, if π=H_-⊕_+ is a regular decomposition of π, and P_-AP_+ is a compact operator, then there exists a maximum non-positive in-
文摘In this paper, it is shown that, for a contraction on π_k, the intersection of its spectrum with the exterior of the unit disk is a finite set of isolated eigenvalues, each of which has finite multplicity. Futhermore some relations between its spectrum and the spectrum of its minimal unitary dilation are established.
