INFLUENCE OF ZnO AND BaO CONTENTS ON SINTERING AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF GLASSCERAMIC DECORATIVE MATERIALS

In this paper ,the influence of ZnO and BaO contents on sintering and crystallization of decorative materi-al in the system of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2wwas studied. The opti-mum ZnO 9 BaO contents and sintering or crystallization tem-perature for the glass-ceramic were determined.

A survey of decorative materials on the energy consumption of mid-rise residential buildings in Mashad,Iran

Polyvinylchloride(PVC)panel is one of the most favorite decorative materials that has been popularly applied as finishing of ceiling in residential buildings.It is about five years that the people incline to redecorate the ceiling of old buildings with PVC panel in big cities of Iran,such as Mashad.In this study,the influence of ceiling PVC panel on the cooling and heating loads of studied apartment were determined by software DeST-h.In addition,the summer natural ventilation of the mentioned apartment is investigated by determining the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software.The evaluation of environment indoor wind velocity showed that most of the apartment space is a comfortable zone.The results of studied building analyses demonstrated that using PVC panel on the ceiling can decline the energy consumption of the penthouse(fifth level)of the investigated building,which is about 3.7%and 7%for studied methods of without and with air layer,respectively.In addition,although the existence of air layer can decline the cooling and heating loads,the increase in air layer thickness did not show significant decrease on building energy consumption.However,the PVC panel is expensive and is not suitable to be used for ceiling thermal insulation,but adding a thin layer of air between ceiling and PVC panel can be a good step toward sustainable building,when the people are inclined to utilize it as a decorative ceiling.

An Experimental Investigation about the Levels of PM_(2.5) and Formaldehyde Pollutants inside an Office

PM_(2.5) and formaldehyde are two main indoor pollutants potentially threatening the health of human beings.In this paper,the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and formaldehyde inside an office were measured under different conditions.The effects of temperature on the formaldehyde originating from the decoration materials,including flooring,gypsum powder,joint mixture and corestock,were also assessed.The results show that window ventilation can produce the same PM_(2.5) purification as an air cleaner.The concentration of formaldehyde released from the decoration materials is highly correlated to the indoor temperature,but it is not significantly influenced by humidity.In particular,the percentage of formaldehyde grows approximately linearly with the increase in the heating temperature.The importance of the different sources responsible for the release of formaldehyde is as follows:joint mixture,gypsum powder,corestock and flooring.The concentration of released formaldehyde from the four decoration materials was found to vary from 0.08 ppm to 0.4 ppm when the heating temperature was increased from 16℃ to 30℃.