Combined Effects of Family History of Cardiovascular Disease and Serum C-reactive Protein Level on the Risk of Stroke: A 9.2-year Prospective Study among Mongolians in China

Objective We aimed to evaluate the combined effect of a family history of cardiovascular disease（CVD） and high serum C‐reactive protein（CRP） on the stroke incidence in an Inner Mongolian population in China. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from June 2002 to July 2012, with 2,544 participants aged 20 years and over from Inner Mongolia, China. We categorized participants into four groups based on the family history of CVD and CRP levels. Results We adjusted for age; sex; smoking; drinking; hypertension; body mass index; waist circumference; and blood glucose, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Compared with the group with no family history of CVD/low CRP levels, the group with family history of CVD/high CRP levels had a hazard ratio（HR） of 1.78 [95% confidence interval（CI）, 1.03‐3.07; P = 0.039] of stroke, and an HR of 2.14（95% CI, 1.09‐4.20; P = 0.027） of ischemic stroke. The HRs of hemorrhagic stroke for the other three groups were not statistically significant（all P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion Participants with both a family history of CVD and high CRP levels had the highest stroke incidence, suggesting that high CRP levels may increase stroke risk, especially of ischemic stroke, among individuals with a family history of CVD.

The Application of Geographic Information System(GIS) to the Study of Chinese History

Historical geographic information system construction echoes the call of academic development in the information era and demonstrates the in-depth advancement of history studies. In recent years, an increasing number of data platforms have been built to facilitate historical information storage, display, management and analysis. In such a context, the geographic information system(GIS) begins to contribute to the study of Chinese history. Its contribution is highlighted in nine areas: historical climate, fluvial landforms, town economies, rural settlements, hydraulic societies, environmental changes, ancient cities, ancient maps and HGIS-enabled research methods. The application of GIS to the study of Chinese history initiates a reform in research methods and at the same time upgrades the philosophy of history studies, facilitating the utilization of a diversity of historical data(documents, ancient maps, remote-sensing images, archaeological information, etc.) for dynamic tracing and multi-factor comprehensive research. At present, restricted by traditional disciplinary boundaries, the construction of HGIS platforms remains slow and insufficient, making it difficult to extensively apply GIS to the study of Chinese history.

Risk factors for the occurrence of insulinoma: a case-control study

BACKGROUND: The etiology of insulinoma is poorly understood. Few studies investigated the possible roles of environmental factors and lifestyle in the pathogenesis of insulinoma. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with occurrence of insulinoma in the Chinese population. METHODS: This study consisted of 196 patients with insulinoma and 233 controls. Demographic information of the patients and controls and risk factors of the disease were analyzed. Univariate and unconditional multivariable logistic regression analyses were made to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and possible risk factors. RESULTS: Approximately 68.88% (135/196) of the patients were from rural areas in contrast to 10.30% (24/233) of the controls (P【0.0001). This difference was confirmed by the multivariate analysis (OR=4.950; 95% CI: 2.928-8.370). Family history of pancreatic endocrine tumor (OR=16.754; 95% CI: 2.125-132.057) and other cancers (OR=2.360; 95% CI: 1.052-5.291) was also related to a high-risk population of insulinoma. CONCLUSION: Rural residents or people who have a family history of pancreatic endocrine tumor and other cancers are a high-risk population of insulinoma.

On the Combination of “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” —— and a Discussion on “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese Language Studies

In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and further developed. It will certainly do harm to the development of academic research if any of the two methods is given unreasonable priority. The author claims that the best or one of the best methodologies of the historical study of Chinese language is the combination of the two, hence a new interpretation of “The Double-proof Method”. Meanwhile, this essay is also an attempt to put forward “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese language studies, in which the author believes that it is not advisable to either treat Gui-mei as Quan-ma or vice versa in linguistic research. It is crucial for us to respect always the language facts first, which is considered the very soul of linguistics.

Studies on the History of Pangda Family in Markham

The famous female writer Ma Lihua in her well- known book The Red Mountain Ranges in East Tibet described the social status and influence of the Pangda family.She wrote:"The famous Pangda family in Tibetan pre-modern society stands on both

Prevalence of Family History of Cancer among Gastric Cancer Patients at Brazilian National Cancer Institute

Background: Gastric cancer is the third most incident malignancy and the fifth leading cause of death in the world. In Brazil, it is the fourth most common tumour in men and the fifth in women. Familial aggregation of this tumour is being studied and discussed by experts. Aim: Determine the frequency of family history of cancer in patients with gastric cancer, suggesting familial aggregation or increased risk for hereditary cancer syndromes. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out from January 2011 to March 2015 at the Department of Abdominal and Pelvic Surgery of the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA). Data were collected from electronic medical records and analyzed using SPSS Statistics? version 20. Results: 873 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were analyzed. A family history of cancer was reported by 451 patients (51.6%), which reported cancer in 878 relatives, of which 110 (12.6%), reported having more than three relatives with any type of cancer. The most prevalent malignancies among these relatives were gastric cancer (21.3%) and breast cancer (9.5%). Conclusion: Most of the patients had cancer family history, being gastric cancer the most common. The high percentage of cancer family history confirms the importance of collecting this information, whose lack reflects professional negligence, as family history study can serve as a low-cost tool, favoring prevention and early diagnosis, situations where morbidity and mortality are smaller, thus reducing health costs and assistance and preserving lives.

A family history of diabetes is not associated with arterial stiffness in non-diabetic Japanese population

Prevalent diabetes is at high risk for cardiovascular diseases and has a high familial inheritance. However, little is known whether a non-diabetic subject with a family history of diabetes is at high risk for vascular damage or not. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between a family history of diabetes and arterial stiffness in adult non-diabetic Japanese population. We analyzed eligible 787 non-diabetic subjects (502 men and 285 women) aged 35-69 years who enrolled in the baseline survey of a cohort study in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan and who underwent a brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) measurement. Information on individual life-style characteristics including medical history and treatment for diseases and a first-degree family history of diabetes was obtained through a structured self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between a family history of diabetes and ba-PWV. We found no differences in age-and-systolic blood pressure-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted means of ba-PWVs between subjects of both sexes with and without a family history of diabetes. Logistic regression analyses including both sexes also revealed that subjects with a family history of diabetes showed no differences in age-and-systolic blood pressure-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for high ba-PWV compared to those without that trait. Our results suggest that a family history of diabetes itself is not associated with arterial stiffness in adult non-diabetic Japanese population.

Is the Leader Effective in the Survival of the Managed Organization-a Case Study From the 20th Century

We can find many cases in the scientific literature,where the leader(CEO)of a political or business organisation is being declared a"hero"or"damned"in the"court of history"upon his/her action(s).The case study presented here analyses a politician who was active in the first half of the 20th century,examining if his activity was ended with success or failure for the state he led.The analysis focuses only on the decisions taken in the two world wars that were relevant for the'survival'of the organization he led.I examine his decisions that were made in a non'business-as-usual'situation from the view if they helped or threatened the survival of the state he led in the short and long term.In a particular situation,the decision has to be taken by the leader there and then,and it may not be possible to change or improve the decision later on.

Characteristics of the Function of Ice Force on Vertical Cylindrical Piles

A lot of tests on ice forces on vertical cylindrical piles are conducted in the ice basin of ice laboratory in Tianjin University to identify the characteristics of ice forces on fixed platforms in the Bohai Gulf. A function of ice forces is simplified on basis of test data, and the characteristics of the ice forces including the amplitude of the force and the breaking frequency of the ice sheet is detailed by use of the Fast-Fourier-Transform method, The results show that the ice breaking frequency presents a linear relationship with the ratio of ice moving velocity to ice thickness at low velocities. At high velocities, the frequency remains constant with the increase of the ratio of ice moving velocity to ice thickness. These conclusions are compared those published in literature.

一级学科视域下中共党史党建学理论的建设

作为一级学科,中共党史党建学要有源自并属于本学科的理论,中共党史党建学理论是必设的二级学科。搭建中共党史党建学理论自主的整体性框架,主要包括基本结构层面和功能运行层面。前者针对的是内部组成要素,涉及本体论、认识论和方法论;后者则针对研究过程中的边界与操作,从学理上将中共党史党建学理论研究同史学理论研究、政治学理论研究等相邻学科理论区分开来。作为独立的学科,中共党史党建学理论既不要理论依附、理论移植,也不要理论泛化,而是基于理论与实践通过有机联动、相互支撑、共同发展等手段而最终定型。中共党史党建学理论,不仅能够促进学科建设,更有利于服务中国共产党的治国理政。

当代医学家影像志的建构与意义——以近30年医学家专题节目为例

医学家是医史研究的重要内容,当代医史人物研究更注重行迹的状绘与分析,记录与传播,于是,医学家影像志的呈现更趋活跃。聚焦当代电视节目中的医学家自述与专访,从人物影像叙事与电视编创艺术的二元角度建构当代医学史的全新内涵,以30年来医学家专题节目为素材,开掘著名医学家精神世界的丰富性,技术与人文,理性与德行的双重风姿,揭示“医者厚道”职业价值,透过社会沟通,引领公众正确理解医学、医院、医生。促进医患关系的稳定与和谐。

20世纪以来中国目录学史书写回顾与展望——以通论性目录学史著作为中心的考察

[目的/意义]相较于中国目录学史的研究,学界对于中国目录学史研究史的梳理略显不够,通过梳理20世纪中国目录学史研究史,为新时代中国目录学史的研究与书写提供历史借鉴。[研究设计/方法]以20世纪以来出版的姚名达著《中国目录学史》、王重民著《中国目录学史论丛》、吕绍虞著《中国目录学史稿》、倪士毅著《中国古代目录学史》、乔好勤著《中国目录学史》、余庆蓉著《中国目录学思想史》以及柯平著《中国目录学史》7本通论性目录学史著作为研究对象,通过系统研读、分析与比较,借以梳理20世纪中国目录学史的书写路径。[结论/发现]20世纪以来中国目录学史书写呈现出如下特点:(1)历史学、图书馆学学者是中国目录学史书写的两大核心主体;(2)线性进化史观逐渐成为中国目录学史书写的主流史观;(3)书写的焦点由“以目录为中心”到“目录与人并重”。[创新/价值]在此基础上提出了未来中国目录学史书写展望:(1)明确“目录学史”的内涵;(2)明确“以西释中”还是“以中释中”;(3)明确中国目录学史的中心是“人”;(4)探索多体裁的中国目录学史书写形式;(5)拓展中国目录学史的关注视域。

回顾与省思:2023年近代社会史研究扫描

2023年中国近代社会史研究呈现出强劲兴盛的发展态势,其学术热点仍表现为对社会史学科的学术回顾与反思,主要包括史学研究“碎片化”问题、日常生活史研究、学术社会史研究、历史人类学研究、思想史与社会史研究等内容。同时,也形成一些新的学术增长热点,主要包括新革命生活史,全球史视野下的本土实践,借鉴社会史、社会经济史研究撰写某行业专业史等方面。但同时也存在着社会史研究理论探索明显滞后、研究“同质化“”碎片化”状态仍比较普遍等问题。期待未来社会史逐渐形成自身的特点和理论,甚至形成新的研究范式,为历史研究视野和解释能力的深度拓展做出贡献。

中日社区教育政策及执行比较

社区教育能够更有效调动区域内民众的个人素质要求、文化知识需求,社区教育政策为社区教育活动提供方向引导,为配备设施、经费、人员提供保障。中日社区教育政策背景、时期、内容不尽相同,以文献研究资料为基础,将日本第二次世界大战后社区教育政策的转折与完善时期,与我国80年代开始社区教育政策逐步系统化时期进行比较,细化中日社区教育政策政府与民众的着眼点、政策推行制度与力度、民众政策执行意识等通过比较的方式,明晰社区教育管理目标、组织形式、管理体制,为我国社区教育发展提供可借鉴、可推广的政策模式。

唐蕃交涉中的中书舍人行述研究

我国是一个多民族国家,中华民族发展史就是各民族以不同的方式相互联系、相互促进、相互融合的演进过程,中古时期唐蕃之间的交流与互动即是这一过程的生动体现。本文以两《唐书·吐蕃传》所载中书舍人为研究对象,聚焦唐蕃关系史上一直被忽略却又占据重要地位的中书舍人群体,探寻这一群体在唐代中书省中除了起草进画之外,还兼涉的参议政事、收集情报、分析战略、受命出使等社会功能。此外,吐蕃社会通过吸收整合唐代官制而设置的“知汉书舍人”,尽管与中书舍人的地位与职权天差地别,不可同日而语,但是这一群体在沟通唐蕃、修复旧好、密切关系方面却与中书舍人发挥了相似的作用,反映了吐蕃对汉文化的尊崇以及中华文化对吐蕃社会的浸润与融通。

基于语料库的“黄河”域外形塑考察:概念史视角

作为中国第二长河,黄河孕育了辉煌灿烂的华夏文明,是中华民族的母亲河。基于语料库检索发现,自19世纪下半叶以来,西方学术著述或主流媒体上,“黄河”这一概念的英语对应词“the Yellow River”不时与“China’s Sorrow”指称共现。为反拨这一被建构的负面形象,笔者借助COCA,COHA,TIME,GloWbE及WIKI等开放源语料库,从概念史的视角考察黄河被视作“China’s Sorrow”的成因及历史背景,分析近世以来黄河域外形象变迁及其“异化”背后的原因。

关于区域国别学发展的一些看法:世界史学科的视角

区域国别研究在中国是一个新的交叉学科,是中国国力增强的产物,也是世界主导性大国的学术标配。中国的区域国别研究应该为中国的现代化目标服务,应该把深入研究他国的政治、经济、历史、文化等作为主要任务,同时利用好现有的学科设置,充分发挥世界史、国际关系、外语类等涉外学科的优势,加强复合型人才培养,为中国的崛起发挥应有的作用。