Geophysical-Geological Interpretation and Deep-Seated Gold Deposit Prospecting in Sanshandong-Jiaojia Area, Eastern Shandong Province, China

Integrated gravitational, electrical-magnetic surveys and data processing carried out in the Sanshandao-Jiaojia area, Eastern Shandong Province, northeast China, aim to illuminate the geological characteristics of this shallow-covered area and delineate deep-seated gold prospecting targets. In this region, altogether 12 faults exert critical control on distribution of three types of Early Precambrian metamorphic rock series, i.e. those in the metamorphic rock area, in the granitic rock area underlying the metamorphic rock, and in the remnant metamorphic rock area in granites, respectively. Additionally, the faults have major effects on distribution of four Mesozoic Linglong rock bodies of granite, i.e. the Cangshang, Liangguo, Zhuqiao-Miaojia and Jincheng granites. The Sanshandao and Jiaojia Faults are two well-known regional ore-controlling faults; they have opposite dip direction, and intersect at a depth of 4500 m. Fracture alteration zones have striking geophysical differences relative to the surrounding county rocks. The two faults extend down along dip direction in a gentle wave form, and appear at some steps with different dips. These steps comprise favorable gold prospecting areas, consistent with a step metallogenic model. Six deep-seated gold-prospecting targets are delineated, i.e. Jincheng-Qianchenjia, Xiaoxizhuang-Zhaoxian, Xiyou-Wujiazhuangzi, Xiangyangling-Xinlicun, Panjiawuzi and Miaojia-Pinglidian.

Numerical modeling of deep-seated landslides interacting with man-made structures

This paper describes the interaction between deep-seated landslides and man-made structures such as dams, penstocks, viaducts, and tunnels. Selected case studies are reported first with the intent to gain insights into the complexities associated with the interaction of these structures with deep-seated landslides(generally referred to as deep-seated gravity slope deformations, DSGSDs). The main features, which characterize these landslides, are mentioned together with the interaction problems encountered in each case. Given the main objective of this paper, the numerical modeling methods adopted are outlined as means for increase in the understanding of the interaction problems being investigated. With the above in mind, the attention moves to an important and unique case history dealing with the interaction of a large-size twin-tunnel excavated with an earth pressure balance(EPB)tunnel boring machine(TBM) and a deep-seated landslide, which was reactivated due to the stress changes induced by tunnel excavation in landslide shear zone. The geological and geotechnical conditions are described together with the available monitoring data on the landslide movements, based on the advanced and conventional monitoring tools used. Numerical modeling is illustrated as an aid to back-analyze the monitored surface and subsurface deformations and to assist in finding the appropriate engineering solution for putting the tunnel into service and as a follow-up means for future understanding and control of the interaction problems. The simulation is based on a novel time-dependent model representing the landslide behavior.

Carbonate cementation-dissolution in deep-seated sandstones near the overpressure top in central Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, NW China

Fluid/rock interaction occurs frequently in the sandstones near the overpressure top in central Junggar Basin, and carbonate cementation-dissolution is related closely to the formation of secondary pores in the reservoir sandstones. From petrological, hydrochemical and fluid-inclusion studies of the deep-seated sandstones near the overpressure top in central Junggar Basin and the carbon and oxygen isotopic characteristics of carbonate cements in those sandstones, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Carbonates are the major cements. Two-stage cementation was commonly developed, with late-stage ferroan carbonate cementation being dominant; several secondary porosity zones were developed vertically in the sandstones near the overpressure top, and there is a mutually compensatory relationship between the carbonate contents and the mean porosity; (2) the alkalescent formation-water chemical environments are in favor of carbonate precipitation; (3) there were two phases of thermal fluid activity which are related to the late-stage carbonate cementation-dissolution; (4) with the overpressure top as the boundary, carbonate cements in the sandstones have slightly negative δ13C and δ18O values, showing such a variation trend that the δ13C and δ18O values near the coal-bearing Jurassic strata are lighter, those in the overpressure top are heavier, and those at the upper part of the overpressure top are lighter, which is considered to be the result of kinetic isotope fractionation driven by episodically overpressured fluid flow; (5) carbonate cementation is closely associated with the decarboxylation of organic acids, and secondary porosity zones resultant from dissolution by organic acids and CO2 derived from Jurassic coal-bearing strata, are the most important reservoir space of hydrocarbon, Studies of the mechanisms of carbonate cementation-dissolution and formation of secondary pores in the deep-seated sandstones near the overpressure top are of great significance both in theory and in practice in further investigating the rules of overpressured fluid flow (especially oil/gas migration) and predicting the reservoir space of hydrocarbon.

Deep- Seated Tectonic Activation of Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone and Its Control over Jiaodong Gold Concentrated Region, China

A comprehensive discussion on the deep seated genesis of gold metallogenic materials and the tectono magmatic controls over gold deposits is given in this paper, which is based on the crustal and upper mantle structural characteristics of the Jiaodong massif, the property, activation history and styles of the Tancheng Lujiang fault zone, as well as a series of accompanying tectono magmatic events. Prediction for further prospecting gold deposits in the area is also made.

Geochemical Characteristics of Deep-Seated Potassium-Rich Brine in the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation, Sichuan, China

Brine extremely rich in potassium,boron and bromine has been discovered from the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation at a depth of 4300 m in Sichuan Province.It contains-50g/L of K^+,>92g/L of Na^+,>12g/L of B2O3,>2.36g/L of Br^- and -0.030g/L of I^+.The solid precipitates during evaporation at 25℃ include KB5O8·4H2O,K2B4O7·3H2O,MgCl2·6H2O and KMgCl3·6H2O.The brine ranges from 2.2‰,to2.8‰(SMOW)inδ^18O,-38‰-53‰(SMOW)in δD,15.6‰inδ^34S,and 13.5‰-15.1‰inδ^11B.These data,particularly the isotopic composition of boron,indicate that the brine has a composite derivation from marine and nonmarine brines and dissolved marine evaporites in the Triassic system.

THE MECHANICAL RELATIONSHIP TO THE FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THEBURIED HILLS AND THE DEEP-SEATED FRACTURAL ZONE IN THE DIWA-TYPE FAULTED BASIN IN CENTRAL HEBEI PROVINCE,CHINA

The author proves the existence and movement of a deep-seated fraetural Zone located in the eenter zone of the diwa-type faulted basin in central Hebei Province. This deep-seated fraeturai zone tending in NNE direction is a structural effect of the mtodle East Asin Grustobody in the Mexozoic-Cenozoic. This paper will diseuss the formation, evolution and the meehanism of the deep-seated fraetural zone, faulted basin and the buried hills as well as their relationships. The uthor expounds that the deep geological process is the major factor of the structural effect.

数据-知识混合驱动的压裂球座坐封有效性智能诊断方法

水平井桥塞分段压裂时的桥塞球座坐封有效性实时诊断是其关键环节,若球座坐封失效,将无法正常进行后续作业,目前主要依靠人工观察井口压力变化特征,难以快速准确判识。为此,融合专家经验定性判识和坐封数据特征挖掘定量标注,滑动窗口数据切片形成5792组标签数据,优选井口压力–排量二维输入的长短期记忆神经网络,建立了压裂球座坐封有效性智能诊断模型,并采用欠采样平衡数据集方式提升模型预测精度。结果表明,井口压力呈现显著的陡升—陡降—平缓上升的三阶段特征,若井口压力缺失某个阶段特征,则为坐封失效;井口压力斜率统计值分布范围较大,无法形成明确规则实现准确诊断。采用人工智能技术学习不同井口压力形态的有效/无效坐封数据特征,实现了每秒输出诊断结果,测试集准确率96.8%,验证集准确率84.3%。研究结果为桥塞球座坐封有效性实时自动诊断提供了方法。

Real-Time CNN-Based Driver Distraction&Drowsiness Detection System

Nowadays days,the chief grounds of automobile accidents are driver fatigue and distractions.With the development of computer vision technology,a cutting-edge system has the potential to spot driver distractions or sleepiness and alert them,reducing accidents.This paper presents a novel approach to detecting driver tiredness based on eye and mouth movements and object identification that causes a distraction while operating a motor vehicle.Employing the facial landmarks that the camera picks up and sends to classify using a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)any changes by focusing on the eyes and mouth zone,precision is achieved.One of the tasks that must be performed in the transit system is seat belt detection to lessen accidents caused by sudden stops or high-speed collisions with other cars.A method is put forth to use convolution neural networks to determine whether the motorist is wearing a seat belt when a driver is sleepy,preoccupied,or not wearing their seat belt,this system alerts them with an alarm,and if they don’t wake up by a predetermined time of 3 s threshold,an automatic message is sent to law enforcement agencies.The suggested CNN-based model exhibits greater accuracy with 97%.It can be utilized to develop a system that detects driver attention or sleeps in real-time.

全球天然氢勘查开发最新发展态势分析

随着氢气地表异常显示的广泛发现以及对地下氢气成因机制和成藏机理认识的逐步深化,天然氢作为一种清洁能源,因其可能的巨大资源潜力和可再生性,有望成为全球实现能源转型和碳中和的关键能源。通过对全球天然氢勘查开发最新进展的跟踪研究认为:天然氢已成为全球地质与能源领域关注热点,多成因机制下资源调查发现呈点多面广特征,欧美强国持续投入带动全球发展,氢氦地质资源具有“兼探共采”潜力,等等。鉴于我国在天然氢资源发现方面取得的初步进展,以及对成藏条件及有利区带的初步评估,建议我国应尽快开展全国性天然氢资源调查评价工作。

天然氢气规模生成的成因类型与成藏特点

目前对全球天然氢气资源的估量十分巨大,寻找天然氢气的规模聚集区有赖于对其形成机理和富集规律的不断认识。通过对国内外典型天然氢气显示的数据统计,系统总结了全球天然氢气规模聚集的成因类型、并分析了天然氢气藏的分布和成藏特征。研究结果表明:①天然氢气的成因复杂多样,主要包括水岩反应、地幔脱氢、水的辐解、岩石破碎、有机质热解以及微生物作用等,其中,水岩反应生氢和地幔脱气生氢在自然界中普遍发生,在各种地质环境中广泛存在,且其生氢速率高、生氢量大,因此是天然氢气规模生成最重要的2种成因类型。②天然氢气藏的赋存环境集中体现于三大地质背景中:板块俯冲带、前寒武纪富铁地层发育区以及裂谷构造系统。③天然氢气藏的盖层条件受多个因素的影响,不仅要考虑盖层本身的封盖能力,还要考虑由于氢活跃的物理化学性质导致盖层机械性能发生的变化,影响其脆性-韧性行为形成新的裂缝而产生氢气的逃逸。④地下微生物利用氢气进行代谢活动、中深层的加氢生烃作用等耗烃作用不利于氢气规模聚集,因此在寻找天然氢气生成有利区时,应该避开氢被大量消耗的区域。⑤天然氢气的生成时间尺度短和易扩散性等因素,使得天然氢气成藏表现出动态成藏的特征,只要氢生成与散失始终处于一种动态平衡,就能够富集成藏。地下水是水岩反应生氢的必要条件,国外发现的很多天然氢气藏都分布在地下水循环较好的地区。

滇西地区深部构造特征及其对成岩-成矿的控制作用

滇西地区地处扬子板块与印度板块之间特殊地带,是西南三江复合造山带的重要组成部分。地球物理资料揭示该区深构造特征复杂:地壳呈相对稳定的三层结构,其内部存在不规则低速透镜体;莫霍面自北而南呈近东西向阶梯式逐渐抬升,形态上隆坳相间;壳-幔界面存在明显的壳-幔过渡带,软流层地幔具有多层次隆起现象。深浅部构造呈现明显的立交桥式多层架结构。深部构造与区域成岩成矿关系密切:空间上,岩体与成矿的集中区分布体现出受由幔坡带所推断的深大断构造所控制,并与壳内低速体和壳-幔混合带存在垂向上的对应关系。岩浆岩岩石组合、岩石学和地球化学特征反映岩浆形成于壳-幔混合带物质的部分熔融,而地幔流体上涌是激发壳-幔混合带发生部分熔融的重要因素。研究认为,滇西地区燕山晚期-喜马拉雅期所处的特殊构造部位及经历的区域构造动力体制时空转换是形成深部特殊地质结构的动力学条件,并是激发强烈壳-幔相互作用的重要前提。在壳幔相互作用过程中,大量地幔流体携带成矿物质经由深大断裂上升至壳-幔混合带,激发其部分熔融,形成原始岩浆;随岩浆上升和分异演化,在构造有利部位成岩成矿,由此形成区域成岩成矿的一体化特点。而软流层幔的多期次脉动式上涌则是导致成矿多期性的内在因素。

基于图网络的汽车零部件应力场快速预测方法研究

有限元分析作为一种重要的计算机辅助工程技术,在汽车零部件开发中起着极为重要的作用,但是在分析复杂问题时耗时长,影响开发周期。为此,本文提出了一种以有限元仿真提供样本数据、以图网络技术建立有限元输入与输出间的映射关系的神经网络方法,将该图网络方法应用于座椅骨架总成的应力场预测。该预测方法中采用图节点和图边模拟了有限元模型中节点间的连接关系,由此表达有限元模型中单元之间的拓扑关系,并将预测结果与有限元仿真结果进行了对比。结果表明该方法能准确预测座椅骨架总成的最大应力及其出现的位置,对应力分布一致性均有较好的预测能力,且计算速度比相应有限元求解度快3个数量级以上。

库水作用下深层倾倒变形体的失稳软化机制研究

在高山峡谷地貌和复杂脆弱的地质环境下,库岸边坡深层倾倒变形破坏现象成为了威胁水电工程安全运转的重大工程地质问题。近些年来随着越来越多大型、巨型水电工程建设与蓄水运行,深层倾倒变形体破坏问题逐渐凸显。这些深层倾倒变形体具有长期饱水(王雅雯,2016)、发育岩性为于遇水软化作用明显的软岩之中、滑坡演化时间长以及变形破坏模式为牵引式破坏(张成强,2018)等特点。综合以上特点.

乡镇滑坡灾害精细化易发性评价——以万州区熊家镇为例

地质灾害精细化易发性评价是乡镇尺度地质灾害风险防控的基础,探究适应于乡镇级评价精度需求和精细化调查数据的易发性评价方法成为研究的重点。以万州区熊家镇为研究区,在精细化地质灾害调查的基础上,将滑坡灾害细分为厚层堆积层滑坡和浅层堆积层滑坡,分别对其进行斜坡单元划分,并基于灾害的成因机制构建差异化的易发性评价指标体系;针对乡镇尺度评价区灾害样本数量少、难以采用统计和机器学习类评价方法的问题,引入多分类逻辑回归模型进行小样本区的易发性评价;综合滑坡单元、非滑坡单元和存在一定变形、但尚未形成整体滑移的不稳定斜坡单元,突破传统的0、1二元变量,构建包含“中间态”变量的易发性评价灾害样本集,从而实现对灾害样本的有效扩充和对不同程度易发性的量化评价。结果表明:浅层堆积层滑坡高和极高易发区主要位于研究区北部顺向坡以及中部、南部的人类活动集中区域,且70.59%的调查变形点位于高和极高易发区;厚层堆积层滑坡极高和高易发区主要分布于西部坡度较缓的河流两岸,评价结果精度AUC值为0.823。本研究对乡镇及其同等尺度地质灾害风险调查与评价具有参考价值。

基底变质岩深部潜山储层构造裂缝发育特征及主控因素——以渤海湾盆地渤中B区块为例

构造裂缝是改善基底变质岩潜山储层物性、提高油气产能的关键因素,但对于基底变质岩潜山储层构造裂缝的发育特征及主控因素的多尺度综合研究较少。以渤海湾盆地渤中B区块为例,综合利用薄片、岩心和成像测井资料,系统总结了基底变质岩潜山储层构造裂缝的特征,明确了主控因素,揭示了构造裂缝有效性影响因素和发育模式。研究区构造裂缝主要发育剪性裂缝,张性缝次之,斜交缝和直立缝较发育;裂缝整体充填程度高,主要充填物为泥质,其次为碳酸盐类;识别出近EW向、NE—SW向、NW—SE向和NNW—SSE向四组构造裂缝,其中近EW向裂缝较为发育,说明印支早期的强挤压作用环境是裂缝大规模发育的关键时期。研究区构造裂缝主要受岩石力学性质、构造作用、风化作用、储层物性和岩性控制。构造裂缝有效性主要受控于最大水平主应力方向与构造裂缝走向的夹角、构造运动、裂缝充填以及溶蚀作用等因素。纵向上基底变质岩深部潜山的构造裂缝随着深度增加所受风化作用减弱,在内幕带中沿断层局部发育溶蚀孔隙;不同岩石力学性质的岩石发育裂缝程度不同,脆性指数较大的岩石裂缝发育程度较高。横向上背斜核部的构造裂缝线密度大于翼部,当储层孔隙度和渗透率处于合适范围时有利于构造裂缝发育。

国内外典型露天矿山坍塌事故案例分析与启示

露天矿山的安全风险相对井工矿要低一些,但存在排土场坍塌事故隐患。以全球紧急灾难数据库中录入的2013-2022年矿山坍塌事故数据为基础,选取了5个国内外典型露天矿山坍塌事故案例进行研究,简要介绍了事故基本情况,总结了5起事故的共性原因。在此基础上,深入分析了事故发生背后的深层次原因,并提出加强矿山立法制修订工作、强化矿山企业主体责任落实、提高监管监察水平、提升强化技术保安能力等进一步完善我国露天矿山安全生产管理的发展建议。

苏北-胶南构造混杂岩带的地质特征和岩性地层柱

本文简要介绍了产于华北板块与扬子板块碰撞带范围内的苏北-胶南构造混杂岩带的地质构造背景,并系统地研究滑移介质、中-浅源和深源构造块的基本特征。在深源构造岩块的研究基础上建立了壳幔过渡带至上地幔段的岩性地层柱,对上地幔可能存在的地质作用类型进行了探讨。

改进Faster R-CNN模型的汽车喷油器阀座瑕疵检测算法

为完成喷油器阀座常见的瑕疵识别,对深度检测模型进行研究,提出基于Faster R-CNN模型的喷油器阀座瑕疵识别改进方法.首先,对常规生产下的喷油器阀座瑕疵图像进行采集、处理,构造出相关数据集;其次,在Faster R-CNN模型上对候选框和特征网络进行改进,获得比原有模型更高的精确度.实验结果表明:改进的Faster R-CNN模型在喷油器阀座瑕疵识别中精确度得到加强,识别精确度可达71.79%,相比原有模型精确度提升了近3.9%.说明该深度学习方法能够有效实现喷油器阀座瑕疵的识别,为后续自动一体化检测研究提供了基础.

初论安徽沿江地区成矿系统的深部构造-岩浆控制

深部构造岩浆作用对长江中下游成矿带安徽沿江地区成矿系统的控制表现为：（１）地幔隆起带与成矿系统的总体地质背景的演变密切相关；（２）源于地幔隆起带不同部位（幔脊与幔坡）的原始岩浆，其生成方式和物质组成不尽相同，它们分别产生相应的不同岩浆岩系列和成矿亚带；（３）不同深度的构造岩浆房组成中心式网格式环带式“三层结构”，是控制区内不同岩浆岩系列及有关矿床集中分布的主要因素；（４）源于地幔隆起带脊部的碱性玄武岩浆，由于与下地壳物质发生的ＡＦＣ作用强度不同，形成了高钾钙碱性岩浆和橄榄安粗岩浆，分别与铜、金成矿亚系统和铁。

马里亚纳海沟Challenger Deep的岩石圈流变结构与动力学分析

马里亚纳海沟是西太平洋板块边缘沟-弧-盆体系构造演化的关键地区,其南端的Challenger Deep不仅是地球表面最深点,也是马里亚纳海沟、马里亚纳岛弧、马里亚纳海槽、西马里亚纳洋脊和帕里西维拉海盆的构造汇聚点。开展岩石流变结构与动力学过程研究对于认识Challenger Deep的形成演化具有重要的科学意义。利用综合地球物理资料,通过对重、磁数据的计算分析,研究马里亚纳沟-弧-槽-盆系统的等效黏滞系数和岩石圈强度等流变学特征。利用地震资料,勾绘海沟之下贝尼奥夫带随深度变化的特征以及陡变形态。计算结果表明:对应马里亚纳海沟-岛弧-海槽系统,自由空气重力异常向东凸出,形成弧型异常区;区内异常表现为串珠状线性特征,异常值中间高,两侧低。不同深度岩石圈累积强度比值表明,海沟南北两侧地壳上硬下软,海沟中部地壳上软下硬。在给定应变速率条件下计算的等效黏滞系数东高西低,说明西侧构造体地壳比东侧构造体地壳更容易变形。Challenger Deep岩石圈强度较大,等效黏滞系数较高,具有上硬下软的流变学特征,为板块俯冲在该区的弯曲、撕裂与快速翻转提供了重要条件。地震与重力剖面分析表明,Challenger Deep处的岩石圈累积应力强度和有效粘滞系数条件,可以使马里亚纳海沟俯冲带在重力作用下弯曲、开裂,或部分向南翻转、变陡。