<div style="text-align:justify;"> In most cases, copper ore deposits occur at great depths, so the optimization of excavation costs is of utmost importance to identify the most cost effective and produ...<div style="text-align:justify;"> In most cases, copper ore deposits occur at great depths, so the optimization of excavation costs is of utmost importance to identify the most cost effective and productive mining methods, such as block caving or similar methods specifically developed for these deposits. To be able to apply such methods, it is necessary to have a detailed knowledge of the rock mass in terms of its geomechanical, engineering geological and hydrogeological characteristics. This research aims to reduce geological and geotechnical unknowns, analyze in detail the geological environment, and predict geotechnical conditions for the construction of the shaft. This paper uses the example of Borska Reka Copper Deposit, located in Serbia to illustrate the importance of geotechnical investigation to enable best practice in design and construction of shafts that are over 1000 m deep. </div>展开更多
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> In most cases, copper ore deposits occur at great depths, so the optimization of excavation costs is of utmost importance to identify the most cost effective and productive mining methods, such as block caving or similar methods specifically developed for these deposits. To be able to apply such methods, it is necessary to have a detailed knowledge of the rock mass in terms of its geomechanical, engineering geological and hydrogeological characteristics. This research aims to reduce geological and geotechnical unknowns, analyze in detail the geological environment, and predict geotechnical conditions for the construction of the shaft. This paper uses the example of Borska Reka Copper Deposit, located in Serbia to illustrate the importance of geotechnical investigation to enable best practice in design and construction of shafts that are over 1000 m deep. </div>
文摘以云南某矿山超深井衬砌支护为工程背景,对不同掺配方案、不同标号的钢纤维混凝土试样进行动态冲击试验,并采用数字图像相关技术分析了冲击荷载下试样表面的应变场演化.试验结果表明:三掺钢纤维混凝土动态抗压强度和耗散能占比大于单掺和双掺钢纤维混凝土;素混凝土的动态强度越小,掺配钢纤维后混凝土试样的动态强度提升越显著.采用高速摄像机记录了钢纤维混凝土试样的破坏全过程,试样破坏模式受混凝土标号和钢纤维掺配方案控制,可分为剪切、劈裂和剪切–劈裂复合型破坏.与素混凝土试样相比,钢纤维混凝土试样在冲击荷载下的裂纹数量减少,反射能占比更低,透射能和耗散能占比更高,表明钢纤维能有效抑制裂纹萌生扩展,增强井壁混凝土的稳定性.钢纤维混凝土试样的非破坏性冲击试验结果显示三掺钢纤维方案能够最大程度抑制混凝土在冲击荷载下的损伤.最终建议该矿山深部竖井衬砌支护采用混凝土标号为C50,钢纤维的掺配方案为每立方素混凝土掺配端钩型长纤维40 kg、镀铜平直型中长纤维5 kg以及短镀铜平直型短纤维10 kg.
