The coal-bearing strata of the deep Upper Paleozoic in the GS Sag have high hydrocarbon potential. Because of the absence of seismic data, we use electromagnetic （MT） and gravity data jointly to delineate the distri...The coal-bearing strata of the deep Upper Paleozoic in the GS Sag have high hydrocarbon potential. Because of the absence of seismic data, we use electromagnetic （MT） and gravity data jointly to delineate the distribution of deep targets based on well logging and geological data. First, a preliminary geological model is established by using three-dimensional （3D） MT inversion results. Second, using the formation density and gravity anomalies, the preliminary geological model is modified by interactive inversion of the gravity data. Then, we conduct MT-constrained inversion based on the modified model to obtain an optimal geological model until the deviations at all stations are minimized. Finally, the geological model and a seismic profile in the middle of the sag is analysed. We determine that the deep reflections of the seismic profile correspond to the Upper Paleozoic that reaches thickness up to 800 m. The processing of field data suggests that the joint MT-gravity modeling and constrained inversion can reduce the multiple solutions for single geophysical data and thus improve the recognition of deep formations. The MT-constrained inversion is consistent with the geological features in the seismic section. This suggests that the joint MT and gravity modeling and constrained inversion can be used to delineate deep targets in similar basins.展开更多
The aims of this study were to prepare novel transfersomes(TFs)for tacrolimus to treat atopic dermatitis,and to observe the therapeutic effects on mice atopic dermatitis,as compared to commercial tacrolimus ointment(P...The aims of this study were to prepare novel transfersomes(TFs)for tacrolimus to treat atopic dermatitis,and to observe the therapeutic effects on mice atopic dermatitis,as compared to commercial tacrolimus ointment(Protopic)and liposomes-gel.Different kinds of surfactantsdsodium cholate,Tween 80 and Span 80 were investigated to prepare TFs respectively.TFs-Tween 80 was selected as the optimal carrier owing to the best deformability and the highest drug retentions.Entrapment efficiency and diameter were also evaluated.The optimized TFs were further made into gel and in vitro drug release of TFs-gel after 24 h was higher than the commercial ointment.Cumulative drug release from TFs-gel after 12 h in vitro was 37.6%.The optimized TFs-gel illustrated remarkably highest drug skin retentions when compared with liposomes-gel and commercial ointment in vivo skin retention experiments.The amounts of tacrolimus in epidermis and dermis from TFsgel were 3.8 times and 4.2 times respectively as much as ointment,while liposomes-gel was only 1.7 times and 1.4 times respectively as compared to ointment.Topical application of TFs-gel displayed the best therapeutic effect on mice atopic dermatitis induced by repeated topical application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene.Thus TFs displayed superior performance and effective skin target for topical delivery of tacrolimus.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2016ZX05018006)the National Key Research Development Program(No.2016YFC0601104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41472136)
文摘The coal-bearing strata of the deep Upper Paleozoic in the GS Sag have high hydrocarbon potential. Because of the absence of seismic data, we use electromagnetic （MT） and gravity data jointly to delineate the distribution of deep targets based on well logging and geological data. First, a preliminary geological model is established by using three-dimensional （3D） MT inversion results. Second, using the formation density and gravity anomalies, the preliminary geological model is modified by interactive inversion of the gravity data. Then, we conduct MT-constrained inversion based on the modified model to obtain an optimal geological model until the deviations at all stations are minimized. Finally, the geological model and a seismic profile in the middle of the sag is analysed. We determine that the deep reflections of the seismic profile correspond to the Upper Paleozoic that reaches thickness up to 800 m. The processing of field data suggests that the joint MT-gravity modeling and constrained inversion can reduce the multiple solutions for single geophysical data and thus improve the recognition of deep formations. The MT-constrained inversion is consistent with the geological features in the seismic section. This suggests that the joint MT and gravity modeling and constrained inversion can be used to delineate deep targets in similar basins.
文摘The aims of this study were to prepare novel transfersomes(TFs)for tacrolimus to treat atopic dermatitis,and to observe the therapeutic effects on mice atopic dermatitis,as compared to commercial tacrolimus ointment(Protopic)and liposomes-gel.Different kinds of surfactantsdsodium cholate,Tween 80 and Span 80 were investigated to prepare TFs respectively.TFs-Tween 80 was selected as the optimal carrier owing to the best deformability and the highest drug retentions.Entrapment efficiency and diameter were also evaluated.The optimized TFs were further made into gel and in vitro drug release of TFs-gel after 24 h was higher than the commercial ointment.Cumulative drug release from TFs-gel after 12 h in vitro was 37.6%.The optimized TFs-gel illustrated remarkably highest drug skin retentions when compared with liposomes-gel and commercial ointment in vivo skin retention experiments.The amounts of tacrolimus in epidermis and dermis from TFsgel were 3.8 times and 4.2 times respectively as much as ointment,while liposomes-gel was only 1.7 times and 1.4 times respectively as compared to ointment.Topical application of TFs-gel displayed the best therapeutic effect on mice atopic dermatitis induced by repeated topical application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene.Thus TFs displayed superior performance and effective skin target for topical delivery of tacrolimus.
