Three Dimensional Modeling of Shaft with Process Structures on CATIA

Three dimensional models of shaft were completed on CATIA Part Design module with the Chinese national standard （GB） process structures such as chamfers, threads and tool withdrawal grooves, center holes, flat/woodruff/gib head taper keyseats, grinding undercuts, straight-sidedsplines, circlip slots and collars. The modeling steps are arranged in dialog menu interface by VB 6.0, the shaft creator, that permits users input geometric feature based parameters explicitly, and the standardized processdata are reorganized in Excel files that can be invoked correspondingly in the modeling procedure. It is aimed that this process may supply a simple way for shaft rapid modeling and comprehensive discipline for engineering students in their professional design activities.

Numerical Analysis of the Structure of High-Strength Double-Layer Steel Plate Concrete Shaft by Drilling Method of Water-Bearing Weak Rock Formation

In order to ensure the safety of coal mine shaft construction, a double-layer steel plate concrete composite shaft wall structure was proposed. However, fewer studies were conducted on this structure, which made engineers too confused to fully recognize its feasibility of this structure. Hence, based on the previous experimental research on the Taohutu mine construction project in Ordos in Inner Mongolia, this research paper aims to provide a widely deep numerical analysis by the usage of the finite element software, in fact, to establish the corresponding numerical analysis model and make a comparison with the experimental data to get the rationality of the verified model. The influence of the composite characteristics of the steel plate and concrete on the ultimate bearing capacity and stress field of the shaft wall structure is studied here through the method of multi-factor analysis. Also, the optimal design scheme of the double-layer steel plate and concrete composite shaft wall structure is proposed in this research paper.

Micro Hierarchical Structure and Mechanical Property of Sparrow Hawk (Accipiter nisus) Feather Shaf

In this study,the real 3D model of the feather shaft that is composed of medulla and cortex is characterized by X-ray computer tomography,and the structural features are quantitatively analyzed.Compression and tensile tests are conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance of the feather shaft and cortex at different regions.The analysis of the 3D model shows that the medulla accounts for∼70%of the shaft volume and exhibits a closed-cell foam-like structure,with a porosity of 59%.The cells in the medulla show dodecahedron and decahedron morphology and have an equivalent diameter of∼30μm.In axial compression,the presence of medulla enhances the shaft stability.Especially,the combined effect of the medulla and cortex increases the buckling strength of the middle and distal shaft by 77%and 141%,respectively,compared to the calculated value of the shaft using linear mixed rule.The tensile properties of the cortex along the shaft axis are anisotropic because of the different fiber structures.As the fiber orientation gradually becomes uniform in the axial direction,the Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the cortex on the dorsal gradually increase from calamus to the distal shaft,and the fracture mode changes from tortuous fracture to V-shaped fracture.The cortex on the lateral shows the opposite trend,that is the distal shaft becomes weaker due to fiber tangles.

Coupling simulation of fluid structure interaction in the stirred vessel with a pitched blade turbine

The interaction between fluid and a down-pumping pitched blade turbine fixed with a flexible shaft in the stirred vessel, as a typical fluid structure interaction phenomenon, was simulated by coupling the Computational Fluid Dynamics and Computational Structural Dynamics. Based on the verification of the simulated impeller torque and dimensionless shaft bending moment with experimental result, the dimensionless shaft bending moment and various loads acting on impeller(including lateral force, axial force and bending moment) were discussed in detail. By separating and extracting the fluid and structural components from those loads, the results show that the shaft bending moment mainly results from the lateral force on impeller although the axial force on impeller is much larger. The impeller mass imbalance increases the shaft bending moment and the lateral force on impeller, but has little influence on the axial force and bending moment acting on impeller. The dominant frequencies of impeller forces are macro-frequency, speed frequency and blade passing frequency, and are associated with the impeller mass imbalance.

Rapid excavation with a newly developed retaining system: Spiral assembly steel structure

The spiral assembly steel structure, a newly developed retaining wall for the rapid excavation of small-sized foundation pits in unsaturated soil, is presented. This new type of retaining structure is prefabricated in the factory and is assembled on site in the excavation of a pit. This retaining structure is composed of several prefabricated steel structural units, in which the adjacent steel structural units are joined with connectors. Each steel structural unit has one steel pipe in the radial direction and is welded to a single piece of steel plate. After full installation in situ, the retaining structure becomes a cylindrical steel structure. With the protection afforded by this new type of retaining structure, excavation work can be completed within 24 h to a depth up to 5 m. In order to verify the reliability and effectiveness of this new retaining structure, field construction tests were conducted in Beijing, China. The test construction was monitored. The monitoring program included measuring stress in the structure, lateral earth pressure, and lateral deformation of the surrounding soil. The monitoring data from the field test were compared with the theoretical results. The results show that the proposed new structure is reliable and effective.

Torque and bending moment acting on a flexible shaft agitated by disk turbines in a gas–liquid stirred vessel

The torque and bending moment acting on a flexible overhung shaft in a gas–liquid stirred vessel agitated by a Rushton turbine and three different curved-blade disk turbines(half circular blades disk turbine, half elliptical blades disk turbine, and parabolic blades disk turbine) were experimentally measured by a customized moment sensor. The results show that the amplitude distribution of torque can be fitted by a symmetric bimodal distribution for disk turbines, and generally the distribution is more dispersive as the blade curvature or the gas flow rate increases. The amplitude distribution of shaft bending moment can be fitted by an asymmetric Weibull distribution for disk turbines. The relative shaft bending moment manifests a "rising-falling-rising" trend over the gas flow number, which is a corporate contribution of the unstable gas–liquid flow around the impeller, the gas cavities behind the blades, and the direct impact of gas on the impeller. And the "falling" stage is greater and lasts wider over the gas flow number for Rushton turbine than for the curved-blade disk turbines.

A study on the characterization of smoke movement in shafts with different fire source positions

In this study,experimental and numerical simulation methods were combined to simulate the changing course of the temperature and velocity fields in nine different fire scenes. The characteristics of smoke movement in shafts with different fire source position factors(h/H) were quantitatively investigated,and the non-dimensional fitting function between the fire source position factors and the maximum temperature was deduced. The results showed that the location of the neutral plane moved upward as the fire source rose,and all the generated smoke spread to the upper areas;however,there was barely any smoke in the lower areas. The maximum temperature was inversely proportional to the fire source position factor;the higher the source position is,i.e. the higher the ratio factor is,the lower the maximum temperature is in the shaft. The experimental verification of the fire dynamics simulator(FDS) showed good results.

盾构始发与接收对工作井围护结构的影响研究

[目的]一般情况下,盾构机均在盾构工作井主体结构施工完成后才进行始发或接收,由于诸多因素的限制,往往需要考虑盾构工作井主体结构尚未施工时进行盾构始发或接收的情况,因此需研究盾构始发与接收对盾构工作井围护结构的影响。[方法]以成都地铁某标准地下三层岛式车站为例,研究盾构工作井在未施作主体内衬结构状态下实现盾构始发与接收时的围护结构受力及变形情况,并分析了盾构始发与接收对围护结构稳定性的影响。[结果及结论]研究结果表明:无内衬状态工作井盾构始发与接收时,围护结构桩体水平位移最大值及弯矩最大值均发生在盾构工作井端墙中跨第4道钢支撑处,围护结构剪力最大值发生在盾构工作井端墙中跨底板处;当盾构工作井未施作主体内衬结构时,围护结构桩体变形及受力均有所增大,但其位移及力学指标均满足规范要求;围护结构在剪力及弯矩作用下能够满足承载能力及强度要求;无内衬状态下的工作井盾构始发与接收可提高施工效率,有效节省工期,节约工程成本。

电梯井的构造缺陷对隔震结构碰撞危险性研究

本研究以电梯井的构造缺陷为研究对象,运用SAP2000软件模拟建立了一栋10层隔震结构,并针对电梯井周围填充物的不同、电梯井与填充物间距的不同以及电梯井位置的不同这三种情况,进行了碰撞危险性研究。经过时程分析后,发现刚度越大对建筑物的底部加速度影响越大,而对顶层加速度、结构层间位移和层间剪力影响较小,但相比于未碰撞结构的响应要大。同时,碰撞的间距还与地震特性相关。此外,电梯井位于建筑物外侧时,会产生明显的扭转效应,进一步增加结构的响应。综上所述,电梯井的构造缺陷会严重影响隔震结构的减震效果。

地浸采铀用潜水电泵泵轴结构与材料优选

泵轴断裂、泵体腐蚀导致潜水电泵损毁率高。通过理论计算和ANSYS数值模拟,对六棱轴和圆柱轴结构的强度、刚度等力学特性进行了对比,并开展了304、316L、904不锈钢材料的耐腐蚀现场对比试验。结果表明:在同等载荷和等效直径条件下,圆柱轴的圆截面所受剪切应力为六棱轴的64.95%,且扭转角度仅为六棱轴的56.25%;模拟结果显示圆柱轴联轴器最大环向形变为六棱柱轴最大环向形变的68.4%,圆柱轴结构的抗扭性能更优;904不锈钢抗腐蚀性能最佳,但304和316L不锈钢对酸性介质具有类似抗腐蚀性能。综合考虑耐腐蚀余量和制造成本,建议在地浸采铀专用潜水电泵研发过程中选用圆柱泵轴结构,沿用现有316L不锈钢作为主材的选材方案。

超深基坑吊脚桩局部稳定性分析

目前基坑设计中对于吊脚桩预留岩肩的宽度和支护桩的嵌固深度取值大多从对上部支护结构内力及变形的影响角度出发,往往忽略了支护结构底部附近的局部稳定性问题。依托珠江三角洲水资源配置工程超深竖井项目,提出了外倾结构面下或破碎岩体吊脚桩基坑可能存在的3种破坏模式,采用极限平衡法分别给出了不同破坏模式下稳定安全系数的计算方法。同时针对不同破坏模式下,影响稳定安全系数的参数如岩层的埋深、结构面的倾角和力学参数、岩肩宽度、岩肩深度等进行了分析,结果表明外倾结构面倾角、结构面或岩体的力学参数对稳定安全系数影响较大。研究成果可为类似工程提供参考。

土耳其某矿山竖井三维设计的应用

针对竖井马头门、硐室和井巷交接处井筒设计的难度大,设计工作量繁杂,耗时长,容易出错且核对相对困难,本文以土耳其某铅锌矿山竖井工程为背景,介绍了竖井三维设计相关的计算书、竖井掘砌及井筒装备三维建模和软件输出施工图纸的数字化交付案例。通过竖井三维设计,能快速、准确的完成竖井施工图设计任务,大大减轻设计人员工作量,提高设计效率。相较目前常用的二维cad出图模式,可节省时间1~2个月。

卧式单轴捏合反应器结构对流体流动与混合特性的影响

为进一步分析卧式单轴捏合反应器内流体流动与混合特性,采用有限元方法与粒子示踪技术,通过数值模拟方法研究了高黏牛顿流体在不同结构卧式单轴捏合反应器内的流动与混合过程。首先,采用有限元方法对不同结构反应器内流体流动过程进行模拟,以分析反应器结构变化对流体速度分布、剪切速率分布和混合指数分布的影响规律;然后,采用粒子示踪技术对不同结构反应器内流体混合过程进行分析,以探究反应器结构变化对流体分布混合过程、拉伸率及混合效率的影响规律。结果表明:分布混合的实验结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好;高速度、高剪切区域的面积随捏合杆侧边长度的增加而增大;反应器内混合指数分布大于0.7所占的比例,随静态捏合杆数目和捏合杆侧边长度的增加而先增大后减小;增加静态捏合杆数目有利于强化分布混合过程;平均对数拉伸率随静态捏合杆数目和捏合杆侧边长度的增加而增大;平均时均混合效率随静态捏合杆数目的增加而先增大后减小,随捏合杆侧边长度的增加而增大。该研究得到的反应器结构变化对流体流动与混合特性的影响规律,可为卧式单轴捏合反应器的优化设计提供理论指导。

超大地面荷载下盾构工作井叠合结构的力学响应

为了解决现行盾构工作井的设计缺乏对超大地面荷载作用的验算问题,通过开展室内缩尺模型试验,研究盾构工作井从施工期到服役期在超大地面荷载下地下连续墙与主体结构侧墙所构成叠合结构的力学响应,并考虑盾构工作井周围土体中地下水的作用,探讨土体抗剪强度减小对超大地面荷载最大值的影响。结果表明:在超大地面荷载作用下,盾构工作井中隔墙的抗压刚度较大,以受压的形式承担了大量的荷载效应,导致叠合结构上部容易发生低应力水平下的整体水平位移,进而在围护结构底部发生失稳,导致整体破坏;主体结构侧墙在施工期的初始挠度及叠合结构整体水平位移使得叠合结构中地下连续墙承担了大部分内力;通过观测室内缩尺模型中叠合结构的变形量,由模型数据换算得到盾构工作井顶部极限超载为445.5 kPa,远大于盾构工作井周围土体地基承载力特征值130 kPa,验证了采用地基承载力对超大地面荷载下地面硬化进行设计的安全、可靠性。

竖井结构初衬及二次衬砌水平地震响应解析解

基于弹性地基梁理论建立了考虑竖井初衬与二次衬砌相互作用的地震响应力学模型,将竖井初衬和二次衬砌简化为欧拉-伯努利梁,采用均布弹簧模拟竖井初衬与二次衬砌的法向相互作用,推导了水平地震作用下的竖井振动微分控制方程。通过分布传递函数法实现了竖井初衬和二次衬砌水平地震响应的快速求解,并通过与有限元模拟数值解进行对比,验证了本文解析解的正确性。应用该解析解表达式分别从地基刚度、二次衬砌刚度、竖井外径和初衬与二次衬砌之间连接层刚度的角度出发,对竖井顶部峰值地震响应开展参数化分析,结果发现二次衬砌顶部的峰值地震响应大于初衬顶部,随着地基刚度的增大,初衬与二次衬砌顶部峰值响应均减小;二次衬砌刚度增加会导致二次衬砌顶部峰值响应明显增大;随着竖井外径的增大,初衬和二次衬砌顶部峰值响应均会明显增大;当弹性连接层刚度增大时,初衬顶部峰值响应会略微增大,而二次衬砌顶部峰值响应会显著减小。

基于FEM/CFD方法的桨-轴系统双向流固耦合特性数值模拟研究

船舶航行时螺旋桨产生的激励力会引起推进轴系振动,而轴系振动也会对螺旋桨产生反馈,引起复杂空间运动,桨-轴系统中存在着双向流固耦合问题。为了研究这种复杂动力学特性,本文基于有限元(FEM)和计算流体力学(CFD)方法,建立能够模拟轴系多自由度振动与螺旋桨粘性流场耦合的数值模型,在流场求解器中进行二次开发实现双向耦合的迭代求解,并进行多个算例的模拟来研究流体激励与振动响应的变化规律。结果表明:本文提出的方法具有实用价值,采用该方法进行双向流固耦合分析时收敛性与精度满足工程要求,求解速度较快且无需附加的计算资源;双向耦合效应与质量不平衡对轴频处的幅值有较大影响,而非均匀来流对叶频处的幅值有较大影响。

深立井井筒围岩破坏机理及井壁结构设计

为指导赵固二矿井筒建设,综合理论分析、数值模拟等方法,对井筒围岩损伤变形及井壁结构进行研究,结果表明:井筒穿越地层水平围压系数为1.75~1.86,导致软弱地层井筒塑性区蝶化分布,塑性区尺寸与双向主应力关系的RPP特性围岩强度影响较大;当埋深500~600m时,在冻结前后,及时浇筑井筒围岩损伤形态尺寸差异较大。基于此,确定选择冻结法施工,理论计算设计并校核了井壁结构参数,现场施工监测显示设计参数能够满足工程建设的安全稳定,为类似条件井筒建设提供参考。

Effect of screw casing structure on descending of burdens in COREX shaft furnace

COREX shaft furnace（SF）is a typical screw feeder with a storage container coupled with eight screw casings and screws.The structure of screw casing plays an important role in the moving behavior of burdens,stress distribution,abrasive wear of screws,and energy consumption during the operation of SF.Therefore,a three-dimensional semi-cylindrical model of actual size of COREX-3000 SF was established based on discrete element method to investigate the influences of screw casing structure.The results show that the increase in the gap between the outside of screw flight and screw casing is beneficial for the smooth operation of SF,resulting in uniform descending velocity along the radius of SF in the lower part,decreasing the size of recirculation region,and alleviating stress concentration in the screw casing.Moreover,raising the gap appropriately is also beneficial to weaken screw abrasive wear,decrease energy consumption,and then prolong the service life of the screws.However,enlarging the gap also leads to more undesired high temperature reduction gas into the SF from melter gasifier,thereby deteriorating the operation of SF.Thus,an ideal distance exists between the outside of the screw flight and the screw casing,which is suggested to be equal to the average of particle diameter.

蒸发循环泵泵轴性能的仿真分析

为了探究极限工况下泵轴受力变形对轴流泵性能的影响,采用ANSYS软件中流固耦合技术与CFD模块相结合的方法,模拟ZWX-1600型蒸发循环泵在不同工况下工作时,泵轴的受力情况,并将泵轴转速以及受到的扭矩、径向力、轴向力等拟合成关系曲线,基于以上数据使用nCode软件进行寿命预测,最终形成高可靠设计方案,为轴流泵的设计和制造提供参考。

高速地铁隧道洞口及风井对压力波的影响研究

研究目的:地铁车辆由明线高速驶入隧道洞口和经过中间风井时,由于断面突变引起车厢内部压力剧烈波动,导致乘客不舒适,为解决该问题,本文使用三维可压缩黏性流体N-S方程和RNG k-ε两方程模型,研究不同中间风井位置和采取不同形式洞口缓冲结构工况对地铁隧道的空气动力学效应的影响。研究结论:(1)中间风井位置的不合理设置会导致膨胀波叠加使车厢内压力梯度不满足要求,可根据列车长度、列车运行速度等因素计算出中间风井的合理位置;(2)隧道洞口采取断面扩大型和喇叭型缓冲结构分别能使车厢表面压力梯度最大值下降29.3%和38.2%;(3)按照现行标准中人体舒适性的考核指标进行评价,140 km/h高速磁浮列车系统隧道口缓冲结构缓压段的长度设置为2倍的隧道断面水力直径更合理;(4)本文研究可以为优化高速地铁列车驶入隧道洞口时的气动效应问题提供参考。