Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch system

To achieve high efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and to investigate the rule of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phosphorus removal （SNDPR）, a whole course of SNDPR damage and recovery was studied in a pilot-scale, anaerobicanoxic oxidation ditch （OD）, where the volumes of anaerobic zone, anoxic zone, and ditches zone of the OD system were 7, 21, and 280 L, respectively. The reactor was fed with municipal wastewater with a flow rate of 336 L/d. The concept of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） rate （rSND） was put forward to quantify SND. The results indicate that： （1） high nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies were achieved during the stable SND phase, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphate （TP） removal rates were 80% and 85%, respectively; （2） when the system was aerated excessively, the stability of SND was damaged, and rSND dropped from 80% to 20% or less; （3） the natural logarithm of the ratio of NOx to NH4^＋ in the effluent had a linear correlation to oxidation-reduction potential （ORP）; （4） when NO3^- was less than 6 mg/L, high phosphorus removal efficiency could be achieved; （5） denitrifying phosphorus removal （DNPR） could take place in the anaerobic-anoxic OD system. The major innovation was that the SND rate was devised and quantified.

Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in a combined A^2/O-BAF system with a short aerobic SRT

A bench-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process-biological aerated filter （A^2/O-BAF） combined system was carded out to treat wastewater with lower C/N and C/P ratios. The A^2/O process was operated in a short aerobic sludge retention time （SRT） for organic pollutants and phosphorus removal, and denitrification. The subsequent BAF process was mainly used for nitrification. The BAF effluent was partially returned to anoxic zone of the A^2/O process to provide electron acceptors for denitrification and anoxic P uptake. This unique system formed an environment for reproducing the denitdfying phosphate-accumulating organisms （DPAOs）. The ratio of DPAOs to phosphorus accumulating organisms （PAOs） could be maintained at 28% by optimizing the organic loads in the anaerobic zone and the nitrate loads into the anoxic zone in the A^2/O process. The aerobic phosphorus over-uptake and discharge of excess activated sludge was the main mechanism of phosphorus removal in the combined system. The aerobic SRT of the A^2/O process should meet the demands for the development of aerobic PAOs and the restraint on the nitrifiers growth, and the contact time in the aerobic zone of the A^2/O process should be longer than 30 min, which ensured efficient phosphorus removal in the combined system. The adequate BAF effluent return rates should be controlled with 1--4 mg/L nitrate nitrogen in the anoxic zone effluent of A^2/O process to achieve the optimal nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies.

Enhanced Nutrient Removal with Upflow Biological Aerated Filter for Reclaimed Water

A two-stage upflow biological aerated filter was designed as an advanced treatment process to optimize the operating parameters and study the correlative factors influencing the efficiency of nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal. The experimental results showed that the final effluent of the two-stage upflow biofilter process operated in series could meet the stringent limits of the reclaimed water for the total nitrogen of 2 mg/L, and total phosphorus of 0.3 mg/L. The high treatment efficiency allowed the reactor operating at very high hydraulic loadings and reaching nearly complete nitrification and denitrifieation.

Advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in A^(2)O-BAF system treating low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio domestic wastewater

A laboratory-scale anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process(A^(2)O)with a small aerobic zone and a bigger anoxic zone and biologic aerated filter(A^(2)O-BAF)system was operated to treat low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio domestic wastewater.The A^(2)O process was employed mainly for organic matter and phosphorus removal,and for denitrification.The BAF was only used for nitrification which coupled with a settling tank Compared with a conventional A^(2)O process,the suspended activated sludge in this A^(2)OBAF process contained small quantities of nitrifier,but nitrification overwhelmingly conducted in BAF.So the system successfully avoided the contradiction in sludge retention time(SRT)between nitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulating organisms(PAOs).Denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms(DPAOs)played an important role in removing up to 91%of phosphorus along with nitrogen,which indicated that the suspended activated sludge process presented a good denitrifying phosphorus removal performance.The average removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand(COD),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),and NH_(4)^(+)-N were 85.56%,92.07%,81.24%and 98.7%respectively.The effluent quality consistently satisfied the national first level A effluent discharge standard of China.The average sludge volume index(SVI)was 85.4 mL·g^(-1)additionally,the volume ratio of anaerobic,anoxic and aerobic zone in A^(2)O process was also investigated,and the results demonstrated that the optimum value was 1:6:2.

Research on polyhydroxyalkanoates and glycogen transformations: Key aspects to biologic nitrogen and phosphorus removal in low dissolved oxygen systems

In this paper,a study was conducted on the effect of polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHA)and glycogen transformations on biologic nitrogen and phosphorus removal in low dissolved oxygen(DO)systems.Two laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors(SBR1 and SBR2)were operating with anaerobic/aerobic(low DO,0.15-0.45 mg·L^(-1))configurations,which cultured a propionic to acetic acid ratio(molar carbon ratio)of 1.0 and 2.0,respectively.Fewer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate(PHB),total PHA,and glycogen transformations were observed with the increase of propionic/acetic acid,along with more poly-3-hydroxyvalerate(PHV)and poly-3-hydroxy-2-methyvalerate(PH2MV)shifts.The total nitrogen(TN)removal efficiency was 68%and 82%in SBR1 and SBR2,respectively.In the two SBRs,the soluble ortho-phosphate(SOP)removal efficiency was 94%and 99%,and the average sludge polyphosphate(poly-P)content(g·g-MLVSS^(-1))was 8.3%and 10.2%,respectively.Thus,the propionic to acetic acid ratio of the influent greatly influenced the PHA form and quantity,glycogen transformation,and poly-P contained in activated sludge and further determined TN and SOP removal efficiency.Moreover,significant correlations between the SOP removal rate and the(PHV+PH2MV)/PHA ratio were observed(R^(2)>0.99).Accordingly,PHA and glycogen transformations should be taken into account as key components for optimizing anaerobic/aerobic(low DO)biologic nitrogen and phosphorus removal systems.

硝化液回流比对A^2/O-BCO工艺反硝化除磷特性的影响

以低C/N城市生活污水为处理对象,重点考察了硝化液回流比对A2/O-BCO(生物接触氧化)工艺脱氮除磷特性的影响.在A2/O反应池水力停留时间(HRT)为8h,污泥回流比为100%条件下,将硝化液回流比分别设定为100%、200%、300%和400%进行试验.结果表明,系统在A2/O中实现了反硝化除磷,具有很好的同步氮磷的去除效果,出水COD浓度均在50mg/L以下.上述不同硝化液回流比下总氮(TN)去除率分别为48.8%、66.5%、75.6%和62.5%,总磷(TP)去除率分别为86.0%、90.3%、91.0%和95.0%.在硝化液回流比为300%时,系统平均出水TN和TP浓度分别为14.96mg/L和0.49mg/L.系统反硝化除磷量随着硝化液回流比的增大略有增加,在硝化液回流比为400%时,反硝化除磷量高达磷总去除量的98%.

A^2/O-曝气生物滤池工艺反硝化除磷

以低C/N生活污水为研究对象,考察了A2/O-曝气生物滤池生化系统的脱氮除磷特性。通过缩短A2/O的泥龄,把硝化过程从A2/O中分离出去,让曝气生物滤池实现硝化;A2/O在短泥龄条件下运行,有利于除磷及反硝化,曝气生物滤池在长泥龄条件下运行,有利于硝化效果的稳定和氨氮的彻底去除;曝气生物滤池回流来的硝化液为A2/O的缺氧区提供了充足的电子受体,为反硝化除磷提供了必要条件。试验结果表明,在HRT为7.5 h,泥龄为15 d,硝化液回流比为400%的条件下,平均进水COD、NH+4-N、TN和TP浓度分别为376、67.9、72.9、6.1 mg.L-1时,系统出水COD、NH+4-N、TN和TP浓度分别为42、0.86、9.6、0.1 mg.L-1,实现了COD和氮磷的同步深度去除;硝化液回流比为200%和400%时,反硝化除磷量分别为1.49、1.64 gTP.(g MLVSS)-1.d-1;序批试验表明,反硝化聚磷菌占聚磷菌的比值为68.2%;泥龄增加,TP去除率下降。

内循环对A^2/O-曝气生物滤池工艺脱氮除磷特性影响

在原水温度为15℃和C/N为4.9的条件下,以实际生活污水为研究对象,重点考察了内回流比为100%、200%、300%和400%时小试规模A2/O-曝气生物滤池工艺脱氮除磷特性.结果表明,该生化系统可实现有机物、氮和磷的同步深度去除.在总HRT为8.0 h、SRT为15 d、污泥回流比为100%和MLSS为4.0 g.L-1的条件下,平均出水COD、TP和NH 4+-N浓度分别小于50.0、0.5和1.0 mg.L-1;在平均进水TN浓度分别为70.9、72.1、70.6和73.3 mg.L-1的条件下,平均出水TN浓度分别为24.8、16.5、9.6和8.7 mg.L-1,TN去除率分别为65.0%、77.1%、86.4%和88.1%.内回流比与COD、TP和NH 4+-N的去除没有明显相关性,而TN去除率随内回流比的增大呈升高趋势,但升高幅度呈递减规律.缺氧反硝化能力和反硝化吸磷量亦随内回流比的增大而增大.序批试验表明,反硝化聚磷菌占总聚磷菌的40.5%.