The effect of defect density on the modulation of incident laser waves is investigated. First, based on the actual defect distribution in the subsurface of fused silica, a three-dimensional （3D） grid model of defect...The effect of defect density on the modulation of incident laser waves is investigated. First, based on the actual defect distribution in the subsurface of fused silica, a three-dimensional （3D） grid model of defect sites is constructed. The 3D finite-difference time-domain method is developed to solve the Maxwell equations. Then the electrical field intensity in the vicinity of the defect sites in the subsurface of fused silica is numerically calculated. The relationships between the maximal electrical field intensity in fused silica and the geometry of the defect sites are given. The simulated results reveal that the modulation becomes more remarkable with an increase of the defect density. In addition, the effect of the distribution mode of defects on modulation is discussed. Meanwhile, the underlying physical mechanism is analyzed in detail.展开更多
Carbon is a normally used adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ion in aqueous solutions,but the efficient adsorbent needs intensive modification by heteroatom doped or supported noble metals that cause severe pollutio...Carbon is a normally used adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ion in aqueous solutions,but the efficient adsorbent needs intensive modification by heteroatom doped or supported noble metals that cause severe pollution and easy leaching of active components during use.In this paper,the role of intrinsic defects on Hg^(2+)adsorption for carbon adsorbent was investigated.The maximum adsorbing capacity of defectrich carbon has been improved up to 433 mg·g^(-1)which is comparable to most of the modified carbon adsorbents via supported metal chloride or noble metal components.The basicity is increased with the content of defective sites and the strong chemical bonding can be formed via electron transformation between the defect sites with adsorbed Hg^(2+).The present study gives a direction to explore cheap and easily scale-up high-performance mercury adsorbents by simply tuning the intrinsic defective structure of carbon without the necessity to support metal or other organic compounds.展开更多
AIM: To investigate donor site's area histological and immunohistochemical knee cartilage appearances after resurfacing iatrogenic defects with biosynthetic plugs orautografts. METHODS: Thirty New Zealand White ra...AIM: To investigate donor site's area histological and immunohistochemical knee cartilage appearances after resurfacing iatrogenic defects with biosynthetic plugs orautografts. METHODS: Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were used in this study. A full-thickness cylindrical defect of 4.5 mm(diameter) × 7 mm(depth) was created with a hand drill in the femoral groove of every animal. In Group A(n = 10) the defect of the donor site was re-paired with a biosynthetic osteochondral plug, in Group B(n = 10) with an osteochondral autograft, while in Group C(control group of 10) rabbits were left untreated. RESULTS: Twenty-four weeks postoperatively, smooth articular cartilage was found macroscopically in some trocleas' surfaces; in all others, an articular surface with discontinuities was observed. Twenty-eight out of 30 animals were found with predominantly viable chondrocytes leaving the remaining two-which were found only in the control group- with partially viable chondrocytes. However, histology revealed many statistical differences between the groups as far as the International Cartilage Repair Society(ICRS) categories are concerned. Immunofluoresence also revealed the presence of collagen Ⅱ in all specimens of Group B, whereas in Group A collagen Ⅱ was found in less specimens. In Group C collagen Ⅱwas not found. CONCLUSION: The matrix, cell distribution, subchondral bone and cartilage mineralization ICRS categories showed statistically differences between the three groups. Group A was second, while group B received the best scores; the control group got the worst ICRS scores in these categories. So, the donor site area, when repairing osteochondral lesions with autografting systems, is better amended with osteochondral autograft rather than bone graft substitute implant.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. ZYGX2010J045)the National Natural Science Fundation of China and the China Academy of Engineering Physics United Foundation (NSFA) (Grant No. 11076008)
文摘The effect of defect density on the modulation of incident laser waves is investigated. First, based on the actual defect distribution in the subsurface of fused silica, a three-dimensional （3D） grid model of defect sites is constructed. The 3D finite-difference time-domain method is developed to solve the Maxwell equations. Then the electrical field intensity in the vicinity of the defect sites in the subsurface of fused silica is numerically calculated. The relationships between the maximal electrical field intensity in fused silica and the geometry of the defect sites are given. The simulated results reveal that the modulation becomes more remarkable with an increase of the defect density. In addition, the effect of the distribution mode of defects on modulation is discussed. Meanwhile, the underlying physical mechanism is analyzed in detail.
基金funded by the 2019“Rare Earth and Coal Chemical Industry”Key Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2019ZD017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21908197,22108248,22208305)。
文摘Carbon is a normally used adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ion in aqueous solutions,but the efficient adsorbent needs intensive modification by heteroatom doped or supported noble metals that cause severe pollution and easy leaching of active components during use.In this paper,the role of intrinsic defects on Hg^(2+)adsorption for carbon adsorbent was investigated.The maximum adsorbing capacity of defectrich carbon has been improved up to 433 mg·g^(-1)which is comparable to most of the modified carbon adsorbents via supported metal chloride or noble metal components.The basicity is increased with the content of defective sites and the strong chemical bonding can be formed via electron transformation between the defect sites with adsorbed Hg^(2+).The present study gives a direction to explore cheap and easily scale-up high-performance mercury adsorbents by simply tuning the intrinsic defective structure of carbon without the necessity to support metal or other organic compounds.
文摘AIM: To investigate donor site's area histological and immunohistochemical knee cartilage appearances after resurfacing iatrogenic defects with biosynthetic plugs orautografts. METHODS: Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were used in this study. A full-thickness cylindrical defect of 4.5 mm(diameter) × 7 mm(depth) was created with a hand drill in the femoral groove of every animal. In Group A(n = 10) the defect of the donor site was re-paired with a biosynthetic osteochondral plug, in Group B(n = 10) with an osteochondral autograft, while in Group C(control group of 10) rabbits were left untreated. RESULTS: Twenty-four weeks postoperatively, smooth articular cartilage was found macroscopically in some trocleas' surfaces; in all others, an articular surface with discontinuities was observed. Twenty-eight out of 30 animals were found with predominantly viable chondrocytes leaving the remaining two-which were found only in the control group- with partially viable chondrocytes. However, histology revealed many statistical differences between the groups as far as the International Cartilage Repair Society(ICRS) categories are concerned. Immunofluoresence also revealed the presence of collagen Ⅱ in all specimens of Group B, whereas in Group A collagen Ⅱ was found in less specimens. In Group C collagen Ⅱwas not found. CONCLUSION: The matrix, cell distribution, subchondral bone and cartilage mineralization ICRS categories showed statistically differences between the three groups. Group A was second, while group B received the best scores; the control group got the worst ICRS scores in these categories. So, the donor site area, when repairing osteochondral lesions with autografting systems, is better amended with osteochondral autograft rather than bone graft substitute implant.
