Automated integration of real-time and non-real-time defense systems

Various application domains require the integration of distributed real-time or near-real-time systems with non-real-time systems.Smart cities,smart homes,ambient intelligent systems,or network-centric defense systems are among these application domains.Data Distribution Service(DDS)is a communication mechanism based on Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe(DCPS)model.It is used for distributed systems with real-time operational constraints.Java Message Service(JMS)is a messaging standard for enterprise systems using Service Oriented Architecture(SOA)for non-real-time operations.JMS allows Java programs to exchange messages in a loosely coupled fashion.JMS also supports sending and receiving messages using a messaging queue and a publish-subscribe interface.In this article,we propose an architecture enabling the automated integration of distributed real-time and non-real-time systems.We test our proposed architecture using a distributed Command,Control,Communications,Computers,and Intelligence(C4I)system.The system has DDS-based real-time Combat Management System components deployed to naval warships,and SOA-based non-real-time Command and Control components used at headquarters.The proposed solution enables the exchange of data between these two systems efficiently.We compare the proposed solution with a similar study.Our solution is superior in terms of automation support,ease of implementation,scalability,and performance.

Optimization of Air Defense System Deployment Against Reconnaissance Drone Swarms

Due to their advantages in flexibility,scalability,survivability,and cost-effectiveness,drone swarms have been increasingly used for reconnaissance tasks and have posed great challenges to their opponents on modern battlefields.This paper studies an optimization problem for deploying air defense systems against reconnaissance drone swarms.Given a set of available air defense systems,the problem determines the location of each air defense system in a predetermined region,such that the cost for enemy drones to pass through the region would be maximized.The cost is calculated based on a counterpart drone path planning problem.To solve this adversarial problem,we first propose an exact iterative search algorithm for small-size problem instances,and then propose an evolutionary framework that uses a specific encoding-decoding scheme for large-size problem instances.We implement the evolutionary framework with six popular evolutionary algorithms.Computational experiments on a set of different test instances validate the effectiveness of our approach for defending against reconnaissance drone swarms.

Systemin/Jasmonate-Mediated Systemic Defense Signaling in Tomato

Wound-inducible proteinase inhibitors （PIs） in tomato plants provide a useful model system to elucidate the signal transduction pathways that regulate systemic defense response. Among the proposed intercellular signals for wound-induced PIs expression are the peptide systemin and the oxylipin-derived phytohormone jasmonic acid （JA）. An increasing body of evidence indicates that systemin and JA work in the same signaling pathway to activate the ex- pression of PIs and other defense-related genes. However, relatively less is known about how these signals interact to promote cell-to-cell communication over long distances. Genetic analysis of the systemin/JA signaling pathway in tomato plants provides a unique opportunity to study, in a single experimental system, the mechanism by which peptide and oxylipin signals interact to coordinate systemic expression of defense-related genes. Previously, it has been proposed that systemin is the long-distance mobile signal for defense gene expression. Recently, grafting experiments with tomato mutants defective in JA biosynthesis and signaling provide new evidence that JA, rather than systemin, functions as the systemic wound signal, and that the biosynthesis of JA is regulated by the peptide systemin. Further understanding of the systemin/JA signaling pathway promises to provide new insights into the basic mechanisms governing plant defense to biotic stress.