The deformation monitoring of long-span railway bridges is significant to ensure the safety of human life and property.The interferometric synthetic aperture radar(In SAR)technology has the advantage of high accuracy ...The deformation monitoring of long-span railway bridges is significant to ensure the safety of human life and property.The interferometric synthetic aperture radar(In SAR)technology has the advantage of high accuracy in bridge deformation monitoring.This study monitored the deformation of the Ganjiang Super Bridge based on the small baseline subsets(SBAS)In SAR technology and Sentinel-1A data.We analyzed the deformation results combined with bridge structure,temperature,and riverbed sediment scouring.The results are as follows:(1)The Ganjiang Super Bridge area is stable overall,with deformation rates ranging from-15.6 mm/yr to 10.7 mm/yr(2)The settlement of the Ganjiang Super Bridge deck gradually increases from the bridge tower toward the main span,which conforms to the typical deformation pattern of a cable-stayed bridge.(3)The sediment scouring from the riverbed cause the serious settlement on the bridge’s east side compared with that on the west side.(4)The bridge deformation negatively correlates with temperature,with a faster settlement at a higher temperature and a slow rebound trend at a lower temperature.The study findings can provide scientific data support for the health monitoring of long-span railway bridges.展开更多
In recent years, ground-based micro-deformation monitoring radar has attracted much attention due to its excellent monitoring capability. By controlling the repeated campaigns of the radar antenna on a fixed track, gr...In recent years, ground-based micro-deformation monitoring radar has attracted much attention due to its excellent monitoring capability. By controlling the repeated campaigns of the radar antenna on a fixed track, ground-based micro-deformation monitoring radar can accomplish repeat-pass interferometry without a space baseline and thus obtain highprecision deformation data of a large scene at one time. However, it is difficult to guarantee absolute stable installation position in every campaign. If the installation position is unstable, the stability of the radar track will be affected randomly, resulting in time-varying baseline error. In this study, a correction method for this error is developed by analyzing the error distribution law while the spatial baseline is unknown. In practice, the error data are first identified by frequency components, then the data of each one-dimensional array(in azimuth direction or range direction) are grouped based on numerical distribution period, and finally the error is corrected by the nonlinear model established with each group.This method is verified with measured data from a slope in southern China, and the results show that the method can effectively correct the time-varying baseline error caused by rail instability and effectively improve the monitoring data accuracy of groundbased micro-deformation radar in short term and long term.展开更多
In view of the disadvantages of vibration safety monitoring technology for offshore wind turbines,a new method is proposed to obtain deformation information of towering and dynamic targets in real-time by the ground-b...In view of the disadvantages of vibration safety monitoring technology for offshore wind turbines,a new method is proposed to obtain deformation information of towering and dynamic targets in real-time by the ground-based interferometric ra-dar(GBIR).First,the working principle and unique advantages of the GBIR system are introduced.Second,the offshore wind turbines in Rongcheng,Shandong Province are selected as the monitoring objects for vibration safety monitoring,and the GPRI-II portable radar interferometer is used for the health diagnosis of these wind turbines.Finally,the interpretation method and key processing flow of data acquisition are described in detail.This experiment shows that the GBIR system can accurately identify the millimeter-scale vibration deformation of offshore wind turbines and can quickly obtain overall time series deformation images of the target bodies,which demonstrate the high-precision deformation monitoring ability of the GBIR technology.The accuracy meets the requirements of wind turbine vibration monitoring,and the method is an effective spatial deformation monitoring means for high-rise and dynamic targets.This study is beneficial for the further enrichment and improvement of the technical system of wind turbine vibration safety monitoring in China.It also provides data and technical support for offshore power engineering management and control,health diagnosis,and disaster prevention and mitigation.展开更多
Structural deformation monitoring of flight vehicles based on optical fiber sensing(OFS)technology has been a focus of research in the field of aerospace.After nearly 30 years of research and development,Chinese and i...Structural deformation monitoring of flight vehicles based on optical fiber sensing(OFS)technology has been a focus of research in the field of aerospace.After nearly 30 years of research and development,Chinese and international researchers have made significant advances in the areas of theory and methods,technology and systems,and ground experiments and flight tests.These advances have led to the development of OFS technology from the laboratory research stage to the engineering application stage.However,a few problems encountered in practical applications limit the wider application and further development of this technology,and thus urgently require solutions.This paper reviews the history of research on the deformation monitoring of flight vehicles.It examines various aspects of OFS-based deformation monitoring including the main varieties of OFS technology,technical advantages and disadvantages,suitability in aerospace applications,deformation reconstruction algorithms,and typical applications.This paper points out the key unresolved problems and the main evolution paradigms of engineering applications.It further discusses future development directions from the perspectives of an evolution paradigm,standardization,new materials,intelligentization,and collaboration.展开更多
The measurements and analysis of deformation of engineering structures such as dams, bridges and high-rise buildings are important tasks for civil engineers. It is evident that, all civil engineering structures are su...The measurements and analysis of deformation of engineering structures such as dams, bridges and high-rise buildings are important tasks for civil engineers. It is evident that, all civil engineering structures are susceptible for deterioration over a period of time. Bridges in particular, deteriorate due to loading conditions, environmental changes, earth movement, material used during construction, age and corrosion of steel. Continuous monitoring of such structure is the most important aspect as it provides quantitative information, assesses the state of the structure, detects unsafe positions and proposes early safety measures to be taken before it can threaten the safety of vehicles, goods and human life. Despite government’s efforts to construct roads and highways, bridge deformation monitoring has not been given priority in most of African countries and ultimately causes some bridges to collapse unexpectedly. The purpose of this research is to integrate Global Positioning System (GPS) and Linear Variable Differential Transducers (LVDT) to monitor deformation of a bridge. The horizontal positions of reference and monitoring points were determined using Global Positioning System (GPS) while the vertical deflections, accelerations and strain were determined using Linear Variable Differential Transducers (LVDT). The maximum displacements obtained between zero and first epochs in x, y and z components were 0.798 m, at point LT08, 0.865 m at point BR13, and 0.56 m at point LT02 respectively. The maximum deflections for LVDT 1, 2 and 3 are 28.563 mm, 31.883 mm and 40.926 mm respectively. Finally, the correlation coefficient for the observations was 0.679 with standard deviations of 0.0168 and 0.0254 in x and y respectively. Our results identified some slight displacements in horizontal components at the bridge.展开更多
The real-time dynamic deformation monitoring of offshore platforms under environmental excitation is crucial to their safe operation.Although Global Navigation Satellite System-Precise Point Positioning(GNSS-PPP)has b...The real-time dynamic deformation monitoring of offshore platforms under environmental excitation is crucial to their safe operation.Although Global Navigation Satellite System-Precise Point Positioning(GNSS-PPP)has been considered for this purpose,its monitoring accuracy is relatively low.Moreover,the influence of background noise on the dynamic monitoring accuracy of GNSS-PPP remains unclear.Hence,it is imperative to further validate the feasibility of GNSS-PPP for deformation monitoring of offshore platforms.To address these concerns,vibration table tests with different amplitudes and frequencies are conducted.The results demonstrate that GNSS-PPP can effectively monitor horizontal vibration displacement as low as±30 mm,which is consistent with GNSS-RTK.Furthermore,the spectral characteristic of background noise in GNSS-PPP is similar to that of GNSS-RTK(Real Time Kinematic).Building on this observation,an improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise(CEEMDAN)has been proposed to de-noise the data and enhance the dynamic monitoring accuracy of GNSS-PPP.Field monitoring application research is also undertaken,successfully extracting and analyzing the dynamic deformation of an offshore platform structure under environmental excitation using GNSS-PPP monitoring in conjunction with improved CEEMDAN de-noising.By comparing the de-noised dynamic deformation trajectories of the offshore platform during different periods,it is observed that the platform exhibits reversible alternating vibration responses under environmental excitation,with more pronounced displacement deformation in the direction of load action.The research results confirm the feasibility and potential of GNSS-PPP for dynamic deformation monitoring of offshore platforms.展开更多
Deformation monitoring is vital for tunnel engineering.Traditional monitoring techniques measure only a few data points,which is insufficient to understand the deformation of the entire tunnel.Terrestrial Laser Scanni...Deformation monitoring is vital for tunnel engineering.Traditional monitoring techniques measure only a few data points,which is insufficient to understand the deformation of the entire tunnel.Terrestrial Laser Scanning(TLS)is a newly developed technique that can collect thousands of data points in a few minutes,with promising applications to tunnel deformation monitoring.The raw point cloud collected from TLS cannot display tunnel deformation;therefore,a new 3D modeling algorithm was developed for this purpose.The 3D modeling algorithm includes modules for preprocessing the point cloud,extracting the tunnel axis,performing coordinate transformations,performing noise reduction and generating the 3D model.Measurement results from TLS were compared to the results of total station and numerical simulation,confirming the reliability of TLS for tunnel deformation monitoring.Finally,a case study of the Shanghai West Changjiang Road tunnel is introduced,where TLS was applied to measure shield tunnel deformation over multiple sections.Settlement,segment dislocation and cross section convergence were measured and visualized using the proposed 3D modeling algorithm.展开更多
As a World Cultural Heritage site with sacred landscape featuring an exceptional range of Buddhist art and architecture,much attention has been focused on the sustainable development of Bagan(Myanmar).Particularly,the...As a World Cultural Heritage site with sacred landscape featuring an exceptional range of Buddhist art and architecture,much attention has been focused on the sustainable development of Bagan(Myanmar).Particularly,the monitoring of landscape surface subsidence and monument instability is of great importance to the protection and development planning of the Bagan heritage site.In this study,we applied high resolution TerraSAR-X imagery acquired from 2019 to 2020 for deformation monitoring based on the small baseline subset(SBAS)and persistent scatterer synthetic aperture radar interferometry(PSInSAR)approaches.We identified several hotspots and pagodas with displacement anomalies linked to land cover change and previous earthquakes.The cross comparison between SBAS and PSInSAR and the precision of height estimates derived by PSInSAR indicated a millimetric precision of the derived deformation products.The combination of the two multi-temporal SAR interferometry approaches satisfies the two-scale monitoring requirements from landscapes to monuments,particularly for large-scale World Heritage sites.The non-contact monitoring method has potential when traditional methods using field accessibility and surveillance are constrained.展开更多
Combining GPS and BDS technology to monitor the deformation of long-span railway bridges with stricter deformation control requirements is of significance to the safety and control of the bridge and the safety of rail...Combining GPS and BDS technology to monitor the deformation of long-span railway bridges with stricter deformation control requirements is of significance to the safety and control of the bridge and the safety of railway traffic.Previous studies have ignored the influence of coloured noise in the deformation time series.This is not conducive to accurate deformation analysis of long-span railway bridges.Therefore,GPS,BDS and GPS/BDS monitoring data of Ganjiang Bridge located in Ganzhou city,Jiangxi Province,China are adopted in this paper to filter the coloured noise in the deformation time series by principal component analysis(PCA),and the influence of coloured noise on the deformation analysis results of railway bridge is analysed.The experimental results show that the diurnal temperature difference causes the mid-span and the tower of the railway cable-stayed bridge to deform with a period of about one day in the vertical and longitudinal directions,respectively.Ignoring colored noise will make the uncertainty of the deformation parameter estimation overly optimistic.PCA can significantly reduce the coloured noise,and thus reduce the uncertainty of deformation parameter estimation by about 73%.Moreover,the average difference between the daily periodic motion amplitudes of the monitoring points obtained by using GPS and BDS deformation time series is 1.65 mm.The use of GPS/BDS deformation time series is not only helpful to reduce the influence of coloured noise,but also can reduce the difference between amplitude analysis results obtained from GPS and BDS deformation time series.展开更多
Using similar single-difference methodology(SSDM) to solve the deformation values of the monitoring points, there is unstability of the deformation information series, at sometimes.In order to overcome this shortcomin...Using similar single-difference methodology(SSDM) to solve the deformation values of the monitoring points, there is unstability of the deformation information series, at sometimes.In order to overcome this shortcoming, Kalman filtering algorithm for this series is established,and its correctness and validity are verified with the test data obtained on the movable platform in plane. The results show that Kalman filtering can improve the correctness, reliability and stability of the deformation information series.展开更多
The instability of saline soil foundation affects the safety of artificial construction,and may cause ground collapse,building destruction and road damage.It is fundamental to reduce the potential engineering geologic...The instability of saline soil foundation affects the safety of artificial construction,and may cause ground collapse,building destruction and road damage.It is fundamental to reduce the potential engineering geological disasters by exploring the dynamic evolution of saline soil.Most of the previous researches of saline soil were conducted by simulated experiments and traditional geodetic surveying methods.Restricted to the limited sampling points,the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of saline soil were difficult to find out in a large scale.This paper exploited SBAS-InSAR method to extract the deformation of the Qarhan Salt Lake(in Qinghai,China)section along Qinghai-Tibet railway,based on 119 image data acquired by Sentinel-1A from 2015 to 2020.The results showed that the deformation trends varied frequently in this saline mud flat.Between the adjacent areas with different deformation trends along Qinghai-Tibet railway,discontinuities caused by uplift and subsidence were very obvious.Besides,among the areas with brine exploitation or artificial construction,the maximum subsidence rate reached50 mm/yr,and the maximum cumulative subsidence exceeded 320 mm in the latest 5 years.In the saline mud flat closed to the rivers and lakes,the deformation trend was continuous uplift.Nevertheless,there were obvious seasonal deformation characteristics in those areas far away from the water body.Further analysis found out a sharply subsidence caused by the salt collapsibility appeared in rainy seasons.While an uplift trend induced by the salt swelling or frost heave was remarkable in dry seasons.Subsequently,the relationships were analyzed between the time series deformation and external environmental fac-tors.Furthermore,the deformation mechanism of saline soilin the Qarhan Salt Lake region was inter-preted then.In general,this study provides complete spatiotemporal evolution information of saline soil,and demonstrates the deformation characteristics of saline soil in the Qarhan Salt Lake region suc-cessfully.Related results would contribute to the safety monitoring for large-scale infrastructure con-struction in the saline soil areas.展开更多
Bridge deformation monitoring usually adopts contact sensors,and the implementation process is often limited by the environment and observation conditions,resulting in unsatisfactory monitoring accuracy and effect.Gro...Bridge deformation monitoring usually adopts contact sensors,and the implementation process is often limited by the environment and observation conditions,resulting in unsatisfactory monitoring accuracy and effect.Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar(GBSAR)combined with corner reflectors was used to perform static load-loaded deformation destruction experiments on solid model bridges in a non-contact manner.The semi parametric spline filtering and its optimization method were used to obtain the monitoring results of the GBSAR radar’s line of sight deformation,and the relative position of the corner reflector and the millimeter level deformation signals under different loading conditions were successfully extracted.The deformation transformation model from the radar line of sight direction to the vertical vibration direction was deduced.The transformation results of deformation monitoring and the measurement data such as the dial indicator were compared and analyzed.The occurrence and development process of bridge deformation and failure were successfully monitored,and the deformation characteristics of the bridge from continuous loading to eccentric loading until bridge failure were obtained.The experimental results show that GBSAR combined with corner reflector can be used for deformation feature acquisition,damage identification and health monitoring of bridges and other structures,and can provide a useful reference for design,construction and safety evaluation.展开更多
Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR)provides unique capabilities to map regional/global topography and deformation of the Earth’s surface and has led to a broad spectrum of deformation monitoring applicatio...Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR)provides unique capabilities to map regional/global topography and deformation of the Earth’s surface and has led to a broad spectrum of deformation monitoring applications.In order to adapt to various challenging monitoring environments,researchers have made tremendous innovations to deal with issues such as atmospheric and ionospheric effects,loss of coherence due to large displacements,geometric distortions and unwrapping errors.Owing to recent technical and methodological advances,the Earth’s surface deformation,ranging from earthquake ruptures,volcanic eruptions,landslides,glaciers,to groundwater storage variations,mining subsidence and infrastructure instability can now be mapped anywhere in the world at high spatial and temporal resolutions.This special issue received a set of contributions highlighting recent advances in methodologies and applications of InSAR to ground deformation monitoring.We aim to present overviews of both the state of the art of SAR/InSAR techniques and the next generation of applications across the broad range of deformation monitoring applications.展开更多
Owing to continuous global warming,frozen soil degradation has become a universal phenomenon,leading to large-scale ground deformation that affects engineering construction and the fragile ecological balance.Geodetic ...Owing to continuous global warming,frozen soil degradation has become a universal phenomenon,leading to large-scale ground deformation that affects engineering construction and the fragile ecological balance.Geodetic observations,especially temporal InSAR,can quantify ground deformation.However,the accuracy of InSAR modelling in capturing the spatial–temporal variability of the freeze–thaw process depends on the spatial resolution of temperature measurements.This paper proposes a freeze–thaw amplitude model incorporating MODIS LST based on a single-master InSAR time-series deformation to calculate frozen soil deformation.We applied this model to the Qumalai-Zhiduo area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and compared its results with those of the model using weather station temperature in terms of frozen soil deformation parameters,RSME,and characteristic targets.Our study found that the model incorporating MODIS LST performed better in areas far from weather stations,while both models produced similar results in areas of close proximity.Finally,we evaluated another commonly used method for calculating frozen soil deformation parameters and found that the method incorporating MODIS LST based on a single-master time-series deformation is more accurate and precise than the method based on a multi-master SBAS network.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42264004,42274033,and 41904012)the Open Fund of Hubei Luojia Laboratory(Grant Nos.2201000049 and 230100018)+2 种基金the Guangxi Universities’1,000 Young and Middle-aged Backbone Teachers Training Program,the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(Grant No.2042022kf1197)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei(Grant No.2020CFB282)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2020T130482,2018M630879)。
文摘The deformation monitoring of long-span railway bridges is significant to ensure the safety of human life and property.The interferometric synthetic aperture radar(In SAR)technology has the advantage of high accuracy in bridge deformation monitoring.This study monitored the deformation of the Ganjiang Super Bridge based on the small baseline subsets(SBAS)In SAR technology and Sentinel-1A data.We analyzed the deformation results combined with bridge structure,temperature,and riverbed sediment scouring.The results are as follows:(1)The Ganjiang Super Bridge area is stable overall,with deformation rates ranging from-15.6 mm/yr to 10.7 mm/yr(2)The settlement of the Ganjiang Super Bridge deck gradually increases from the bridge tower toward the main span,which conforms to the typical deformation pattern of a cable-stayed bridge.(3)The sediment scouring from the riverbed cause the serious settlement on the bridge’s east side compared with that on the west side.(4)The bridge deformation negatively correlates with temperature,with a faster settlement at a higher temperature and a slow rebound trend at a lower temperature.The study findings can provide scientific data support for the health monitoring of long-span railway bridges.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1508502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41601569,61661043,61631011)the Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2019GG139,KCBJ2017,KCBJ 2018014,2019ZD022)。
文摘In recent years, ground-based micro-deformation monitoring radar has attracted much attention due to its excellent monitoring capability. By controlling the repeated campaigns of the radar antenna on a fixed track, ground-based micro-deformation monitoring radar can accomplish repeat-pass interferometry without a space baseline and thus obtain highprecision deformation data of a large scene at one time. However, it is difficult to guarantee absolute stable installation position in every campaign. If the installation position is unstable, the stability of the radar track will be affected randomly, resulting in time-varying baseline error. In this study, a correction method for this error is developed by analyzing the error distribution law while the spatial baseline is unknown. In practice, the error data are first identified by frequency components, then the data of each one-dimensional array(in azimuth direction or range direction) are grouped based on numerical distribution period, and finally the error is corrected by the nonlinear model established with each group.This method is verified with measured data from a slope in southern China, and the results show that the method can effectively correct the time-varying baseline error caused by rail instability and effectively improve the monitoring data accuracy of groundbased micro-deformation radar in short term and long term.
基金This research was funded by the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean(No.201405028)the Scientific Research Project of Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co.,Ltd.(No.2020-059).
文摘In view of the disadvantages of vibration safety monitoring technology for offshore wind turbines,a new method is proposed to obtain deformation information of towering and dynamic targets in real-time by the ground-based interferometric ra-dar(GBIR).First,the working principle and unique advantages of the GBIR system are introduced.Second,the offshore wind turbines in Rongcheng,Shandong Province are selected as the monitoring objects for vibration safety monitoring,and the GPRI-II portable radar interferometer is used for the health diagnosis of these wind turbines.Finally,the interpretation method and key processing flow of data acquisition are described in detail.This experiment shows that the GBIR system can accurately identify the millimeter-scale vibration deformation of offshore wind turbines and can quickly obtain overall time series deformation images of the target bodies,which demonstrate the high-precision deformation monitoring ability of the GBIR technology.The accuracy meets the requirements of wind turbine vibration monitoring,and the method is an effective spatial deformation monitoring means for high-rise and dynamic targets.This study is beneficial for the further enrichment and improvement of the technical system of wind turbine vibration safety monitoring in China.It also provides data and technical support for offshore power engineering management and control,health diagnosis,and disaster prevention and mitigation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51705024,51535002,51675053,61903041,61903042,and 61903041)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFF0101801)+4 种基金the National Hightech Research and Development Program of China(2015AA042308)the Innovative Equipment Pre-Research Key Fund Project(6140414030101)the Manned Space Pre-Research Project(20184112043)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(F7202017 and 4204101)the Beijing Nova Program of Science and Technology(Z191100001119052)。
文摘Structural deformation monitoring of flight vehicles based on optical fiber sensing(OFS)technology has been a focus of research in the field of aerospace.After nearly 30 years of research and development,Chinese and international researchers have made significant advances in the areas of theory and methods,technology and systems,and ground experiments and flight tests.These advances have led to the development of OFS technology from the laboratory research stage to the engineering application stage.However,a few problems encountered in practical applications limit the wider application and further development of this technology,and thus urgently require solutions.This paper reviews the history of research on the deformation monitoring of flight vehicles.It examines various aspects of OFS-based deformation monitoring including the main varieties of OFS technology,technical advantages and disadvantages,suitability in aerospace applications,deformation reconstruction algorithms,and typical applications.This paper points out the key unresolved problems and the main evolution paradigms of engineering applications.It further discusses future development directions from the perspectives of an evolution paradigm,standardization,new materials,intelligentization,and collaboration.
文摘The measurements and analysis of deformation of engineering structures such as dams, bridges and high-rise buildings are important tasks for civil engineers. It is evident that, all civil engineering structures are susceptible for deterioration over a period of time. Bridges in particular, deteriorate due to loading conditions, environmental changes, earth movement, material used during construction, age and corrosion of steel. Continuous monitoring of such structure is the most important aspect as it provides quantitative information, assesses the state of the structure, detects unsafe positions and proposes early safety measures to be taken before it can threaten the safety of vehicles, goods and human life. Despite government’s efforts to construct roads and highways, bridge deformation monitoring has not been given priority in most of African countries and ultimately causes some bridges to collapse unexpectedly. The purpose of this research is to integrate Global Positioning System (GPS) and Linear Variable Differential Transducers (LVDT) to monitor deformation of a bridge. The horizontal positions of reference and monitoring points were determined using Global Positioning System (GPS) while the vertical deflections, accelerations and strain were determined using Linear Variable Differential Transducers (LVDT). The maximum displacements obtained between zero and first epochs in x, y and z components were 0.798 m, at point LT08, 0.865 m at point BR13, and 0.56 m at point LT02 respectively. The maximum deflections for LVDT 1, 2 and 3 are 28.563 mm, 31.883 mm and 40.926 mm respectively. Finally, the correlation coefficient for the observations was 0.679 with standard deviations of 0.0168 and 0.0254 in x and y respectively. Our results identified some slight displacements in horizontal components at the bridge.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4200705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52109146)。
文摘The real-time dynamic deformation monitoring of offshore platforms under environmental excitation is crucial to their safe operation.Although Global Navigation Satellite System-Precise Point Positioning(GNSS-PPP)has been considered for this purpose,its monitoring accuracy is relatively low.Moreover,the influence of background noise on the dynamic monitoring accuracy of GNSS-PPP remains unclear.Hence,it is imperative to further validate the feasibility of GNSS-PPP for deformation monitoring of offshore platforms.To address these concerns,vibration table tests with different amplitudes and frequencies are conducted.The results demonstrate that GNSS-PPP can effectively monitor horizontal vibration displacement as low as±30 mm,which is consistent with GNSS-RTK.Furthermore,the spectral characteristic of background noise in GNSS-PPP is similar to that of GNSS-RTK(Real Time Kinematic).Building on this observation,an improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise(CEEMDAN)has been proposed to de-noise the data and enhance the dynamic monitoring accuracy of GNSS-PPP.Field monitoring application research is also undertaken,successfully extracting and analyzing the dynamic deformation of an offshore platform structure under environmental excitation using GNSS-PPP monitoring in conjunction with improved CEEMDAN de-noising.By comparing the de-noised dynamic deformation trajectories of the offshore platform during different periods,it is observed that the platform exhibits reversible alternating vibration responses under environmental excitation,with more pronounced displacement deformation in the direction of load action.The research results confirm the feasibility and potential of GNSS-PPP for dynamic deformation monitoring of offshore platforms.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by National Basic Research Program of China-China(973 Program grants:2011CB013800)National Natural Science Foundation of China-China(41372273)Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds-China(14231200600,15DZ1203900,16DZ1200400).
文摘Deformation monitoring is vital for tunnel engineering.Traditional monitoring techniques measure only a few data points,which is insufficient to understand the deformation of the entire tunnel.Terrestrial Laser Scanning(TLS)is a newly developed technique that can collect thousands of data points in a few minutes,with promising applications to tunnel deformation monitoring.The raw point cloud collected from TLS cannot display tunnel deformation;therefore,a new 3D modeling algorithm was developed for this purpose.The 3D modeling algorithm includes modules for preprocessing the point cloud,extracting the tunnel axis,performing coordinate transformations,performing noise reduction and generating the 3D model.Measurement results from TLS were compared to the results of total station and numerical simulation,confirming the reliability of TLS for tunnel deformation monitoring.Finally,a case study of the Shanghai West Changjiang Road tunnel is introduced,where TLS was applied to measure shield tunnel deformation over multiple sections.Settlement,segment dislocation and cross section convergence were measured and visualized using the proposed 3D modeling algorithm.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[No.2017YFE0134400]the Jiangxi Provincial Technology Innovation Guidance Program(National Science and Technology Award Reserve Project Cultivation Program)[Grant No.20212AEI91006]the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)[Grant No.41771489].
文摘As a World Cultural Heritage site with sacred landscape featuring an exceptional range of Buddhist art and architecture,much attention has been focused on the sustainable development of Bagan(Myanmar).Particularly,the monitoring of landscape surface subsidence and monument instability is of great importance to the protection and development planning of the Bagan heritage site.In this study,we applied high resolution TerraSAR-X imagery acquired from 2019 to 2020 for deformation monitoring based on the small baseline subset(SBAS)and persistent scatterer synthetic aperture radar interferometry(PSInSAR)approaches.We identified several hotspots and pagodas with displacement anomalies linked to land cover change and previous earthquakes.The cross comparison between SBAS and PSInSAR and the precision of height estimates derived by PSInSAR indicated a millimetric precision of the derived deformation products.The combination of the two multi-temporal SAR interferometry approaches satisfies the two-scale monitoring requirements from landscapes to monuments,particularly for large-scale World Heritage sites.The non-contact monitoring method has potential when traditional methods using field accessibility and surveillance are constrained.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program under Grant 2021YFB2600400the Science And Technology Project For China Railway Construction Corporation Limited under Grant 2022-A 02,Wuhan Enterprise Technology Innovation Project under Grant 2019010702011314+4 种基金Guangxi Science And Technology Plan Project under Grant AD19110107Guangxi Natural Science Foundation under Grant 2018GXNSFBA050006the Project To Improve The Basic Research Ability Of Young And MiddleAged Teachers In Guangxi Universities under Grant 2020KY06032Urban Spatial Information Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory Funded Project under Grant number 2020217Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province under Grant 2020CFB282,National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 42264004.
文摘Combining GPS and BDS technology to monitor the deformation of long-span railway bridges with stricter deformation control requirements is of significance to the safety and control of the bridge and the safety of railway traffic.Previous studies have ignored the influence of coloured noise in the deformation time series.This is not conducive to accurate deformation analysis of long-span railway bridges.Therefore,GPS,BDS and GPS/BDS monitoring data of Ganjiang Bridge located in Ganzhou city,Jiangxi Province,China are adopted in this paper to filter the coloured noise in the deformation time series by principal component analysis(PCA),and the influence of coloured noise on the deformation analysis results of railway bridge is analysed.The experimental results show that the diurnal temperature difference causes the mid-span and the tower of the railway cable-stayed bridge to deform with a period of about one day in the vertical and longitudinal directions,respectively.Ignoring colored noise will make the uncertainty of the deformation parameter estimation overly optimistic.PCA can significantly reduce the coloured noise,and thus reduce the uncertainty of deformation parameter estimation by about 73%.Moreover,the average difference between the daily periodic motion amplitudes of the monitoring points obtained by using GPS and BDS deformation time series is 1.65 mm.The use of GPS/BDS deformation time series is not only helpful to reduce the influence of coloured noise,but also can reduce the difference between amplitude analysis results obtained from GPS and BDS deformation time series.
文摘Using similar single-difference methodology(SSDM) to solve the deformation values of the monitoring points, there is unstability of the deformation information series, at sometimes.In order to overcome this shortcoming, Kalman filtering algorithm for this series is established,and its correctness and validity are verified with the test data obtained on the movable platform in plane. The results show that Kalman filtering can improve the correctness, reliability and stability of the deformation information series.
基金This research was jointly funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0502700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41771402,41804009,42071410)+1 种基金the Scientific R&D Plan of China Railway Corporation(No.JXKT-1801-2-2-7,P2018G004)the Sichuan Science and Technology Support Project(No.2018JY0664,20YYJC4292,2020YJ0322)。
文摘The instability of saline soil foundation affects the safety of artificial construction,and may cause ground collapse,building destruction and road damage.It is fundamental to reduce the potential engineering geological disasters by exploring the dynamic evolution of saline soil.Most of the previous researches of saline soil were conducted by simulated experiments and traditional geodetic surveying methods.Restricted to the limited sampling points,the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of saline soil were difficult to find out in a large scale.This paper exploited SBAS-InSAR method to extract the deformation of the Qarhan Salt Lake(in Qinghai,China)section along Qinghai-Tibet railway,based on 119 image data acquired by Sentinel-1A from 2015 to 2020.The results showed that the deformation trends varied frequently in this saline mud flat.Between the adjacent areas with different deformation trends along Qinghai-Tibet railway,discontinuities caused by uplift and subsidence were very obvious.Besides,among the areas with brine exploitation or artificial construction,the maximum subsidence rate reached50 mm/yr,and the maximum cumulative subsidence exceeded 320 mm in the latest 5 years.In the saline mud flat closed to the rivers and lakes,the deformation trend was continuous uplift.Nevertheless,there were obvious seasonal deformation characteristics in those areas far away from the water body.Further analysis found out a sharply subsidence caused by the salt collapsibility appeared in rainy seasons.While an uplift trend induced by the salt swelling or frost heave was remarkable in dry seasons.Subsequently,the relationships were analyzed between the time series deformation and external environmental fac-tors.Furthermore,the deformation mechanism of saline soilin the Qarhan Salt Lake region was inter-preted then.In general,this study provides complete spatiotemporal evolution information of saline soil,and demonstrates the deformation characteristics of saline soil in the Qarhan Salt Lake region suc-cessfully.Related results would contribute to the safety monitoring for large-scale infrastructure con-struction in the saline soil areas.
基金Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC4037)National Natural Science Foundation of China:Deformation Monitoring Key Technology and Damage Mechanism Research on Data Fusion among GB-SAR and Multi-sensors(No.41877283)Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Natural Resources(No.2021-18)
文摘Bridge deformation monitoring usually adopts contact sensors,and the implementation process is often limited by the environment and observation conditions,resulting in unsatisfactory monitoring accuracy and effect.Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar(GBSAR)combined with corner reflectors was used to perform static load-loaded deformation destruction experiments on solid model bridges in a non-contact manner.The semi parametric spline filtering and its optimization method were used to obtain the monitoring results of the GBSAR radar’s line of sight deformation,and the relative position of the corner reflector and the millimeter level deformation signals under different loading conditions were successfully extracted.The deformation transformation model from the radar line of sight direction to the vertical vibration direction was deduced.The transformation results of deformation monitoring and the measurement data such as the dial indicator were compared and analyzed.The occurrence and development process of bridge deformation and failure were successfully monitored,and the deformation characteristics of the bridge from continuous loading to eccentric loading until bridge failure were obtained.The experimental results show that GBSAR combined with corner reflector can be used for deformation feature acquisition,damage identification and health monitoring of bridges and other structures,and can provide a useful reference for design,construction and safety evaluation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41941019,42174018).
文摘Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR)provides unique capabilities to map regional/global topography and deformation of the Earth’s surface and has led to a broad spectrum of deformation monitoring applications.In order to adapt to various challenging monitoring environments,researchers have made tremendous innovations to deal with issues such as atmospheric and ionospheric effects,loss of coherence due to large displacements,geometric distortions and unwrapping errors.Owing to recent technical and methodological advances,the Earth’s surface deformation,ranging from earthquake ruptures,volcanic eruptions,landslides,glaciers,to groundwater storage variations,mining subsidence and infrastructure instability can now be mapped anywhere in the world at high spatial and temporal resolutions.This special issue received a set of contributions highlighting recent advances in methodologies and applications of InSAR to ground deformation monitoring.We aim to present overviews of both the state of the art of SAR/InSAR techniques and the next generation of applications across the broad range of deformation monitoring applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42074008].
文摘Owing to continuous global warming,frozen soil degradation has become a universal phenomenon,leading to large-scale ground deformation that affects engineering construction and the fragile ecological balance.Geodetic observations,especially temporal InSAR,can quantify ground deformation.However,the accuracy of InSAR modelling in capturing the spatial–temporal variability of the freeze–thaw process depends on the spatial resolution of temperature measurements.This paper proposes a freeze–thaw amplitude model incorporating MODIS LST based on a single-master InSAR time-series deformation to calculate frozen soil deformation.We applied this model to the Qumalai-Zhiduo area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and compared its results with those of the model using weather station temperature in terms of frozen soil deformation parameters,RSME,and characteristic targets.Our study found that the model incorporating MODIS LST performed better in areas far from weather stations,while both models produced similar results in areas of close proximity.Finally,we evaluated another commonly used method for calculating frozen soil deformation parameters and found that the method incorporating MODIS LST based on a single-master time-series deformation is more accurate and precise than the method based on a multi-master SBAS network.