With the development of the Tazhong No. 1 carbonate gas condensate reservoir in China, it has become more and more important to study the characteristics of gas condensate well deliverability. A single-well radial sim...With the development of the Tazhong No. 1 carbonate gas condensate reservoir in China, it has become more and more important to study the characteristics of gas condensate well deliverability. A single-well radial simulator for dual-permeability reservoirs was established to study the influences of fluid properties, permeability, and pressure drawdown on well deliverability with and without the capillary number effect. The simulation shows that well deliverability basically maintains its initial value and is not affected by the capillary number when the formation pressure is higher than dew-point pressure. However, well deliverability drops rapidly when the formation pressure is lower than dew-point pressure. Even if the condensate dropout is very low, well deliverability without the capillary number effect reduces to 50 percent of its initial value when reservoir pressure declines to 95 percent of dew-point pressure, but well deliverability is significantly improved if the capillary number effect exists. The capillary number effect is most significant when reservoir pressure is just lower than dew point pressure, then the effect decreases; the reduction of well deliverability is mainly caused by the reduction of gas relative permeability of the matrix system near the wellbore.展开更多
Calculating the absolute open flow potential timely and investigating production capacity so as to adjust working system of production wells is one of main means to effectively recovery gas reservoirs during intermedi...Calculating the absolute open flow potential timely and investigating production capacity so as to adjust working system of production wells is one of main means to effectively recovery gas reservoirs during intermediate and late development stage.In order to obtain the open flow potential of gas wells accurately,a new method which utilized a single steady point was proposed in this research,which was based on deliverability formula of a gas well in pseudo-steady state flow with pseudo-pressure form.The influence on factor B in binomial productivity equation caused by the changed permeability was taken into consideration.According to the stable production data,reservoir permeability K can be determined by iterative method firstly,and the coefficient A,B in binomial productivity equation can be calculated with the open flow potential subsequently.It illustrated clearly by a practical example that the new method was suitable for gas wells especially when the producing pressure drop is large.Additionally,the error between the open flow potential value and interpretation result from the multi-point test was small,which proved it to be more simple,economic and effective than the common one.展开更多
KeLa-2 gas reservoir is the largest uncompartimentalized gas field so far discovered in China, with a reserve of hundreds of billions of cubic meters of dry gas. It has such features as extremely long interval (550m)...KeLa-2 gas reservoir is the largest uncompartimentalized gas field so far discovered in China, with a reserve of hundreds of billions of cubic meters of dry gas. It has such features as extremely long interval (550m), high pressure (74.5MPa) and pressure coefficient (2.022). Gas reservoirs with a pressure coefficient of over 2.0 are not commonly found. The abnormal high-pressure reservoirs are quite different in characteristic and performance during the process of depletion exploitation. Therefore, it is necessary to know the property of pressure sensitivity for this abnormal high-pressure reservoir. The aim of this paper is to test the reservoir pressure sensitivity and to analyze its effect on the deliverability of gas. Through some experiments, the permeability change with the confining pressure of rock samples from KeLa-2 abnormal high-pressure gas reservoir is measured. A power function is used to match the measured data, and to derive an empirical equation to describe the change of permeability through the change of the reservoir pressure or effective overburden pressure. Considering the permeability change during the development of reservoirs, a conventional deliverability equation is modified, and the deliverability curve for KeLa-2 gas reservoir is predicted. The research indicates that the extent of the pressure sensitivity of rock samples from KeLa-2 is higher than that from the Daqing oilfield. KeLa-2 reservoir rock has the feature of an undercompaction state. The pressure sensitivity of a reservoir may decrease the well deliverability. It is concluded that for KeLa-2 reservoir the predicted absolute open flow (AOF), when the pressure sensitivity is taken into account, is approximately 70% of the AOF when permeability is constant and does not change with pressure.展开更多
This paper examines five cases of mistranslation to shed light on the deliverability and truthfulness of mistranslations.In some cases,a“mistranslation”turns out to be a brilliant translation.Case 1:At a meeting for...This paper examines five cases of mistranslation to shed light on the deliverability and truthfulness of mistranslations.In some cases,a“mistranslation”turns out to be a brilliant translation.Case 1:At a meeting for the UN Security Council Resolution 242,an intentional mistranslation may have been conducted between English and French texts,so Arab nations and Israel would agree.Case 2:At the time of the Sino-Japan diplomatic normalization,Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka made an apology to China that was mistranslated into something banal sounding.Case 3:During his US visit to see President Reagan,Japanese Prime Minister Nakasone’s remarks for an aircraft carrier were mistranslated.Case 4:In TPP negotiations,an ultimatum was pronounced by a Japanese interpreter,although the Japanese negotiator had not said it.Case 5:At a Japanese event,a supposedly deaf composer was dubbed a“digital-age Beethoven”in English;but he replaced it with a“modern-day Beethoven”in Japanese to make himself sound more significant.In hindsight,some cases of mistranslations are hard to judge as mistakes.However,identifying mistranslations helps reveal cultural differences and complicated political differences,and can help improve the quality of translation and interpretation.展开更多
Recombinant bacteria secreting the transmembrane-truncated region of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) envelope protein VP28 named DhpVB were constructed, using live Escherichia coli as a deliverer and a con- stituti...Recombinant bacteria secreting the transmembrane-truncated region of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) envelope protein VP28 named DhpVB were constructed, using live Escherichia coli as a deliverer and a con- stitutive secretory expression plasmid as the expression vector. With the ability to deliver recombinant pro- tein products outside, DhpVB could make VP28 directly interact with the shrimp when injected into shrim- p. In order to test the protection potential, live DhpVB were injected into the marine shrimp Exopalamon carincauda Holthuis for three times and WSSV challenge was performed twice simultaneously at the last two injections of the bacteria. The results showed that DhpVB displayed statistically significant advantage over bacteria without VP28 after the second challenge with an average RI (Resistance index) of 0.67±0.08, compared with 0.41±0.09 of bacteria without VP28 (P 〈0.05). The data suggested that a quasi-immune response may exist in E. carincauda and live bacteria carrying VP28 could enhance the shrimp resistance against WSSV.展开更多
Mr.Chairman,Ladies and Gentlemen,It is a great honour and pleasure for me tohave the opportunity to deliver this lecture on“How Acupuncture-Moxibustion Should Go For-ward into the 21st Century”.In 1978,the Internati...Mr.Chairman,Ladies and Gentlemen,It is a great honour and pleasure for me tohave the opportunity to deliver this lecture on“How Acupuncture-Moxibustion Should Go For-ward into the 21st Century”.In 1978,the International Conference onPrimary Health Care held in Alma-Ata recog-nized the potential of traditional medicine in ex-tending primary health care to underserved pop-ulations.In many developing countries,in fact,people have always used both traditional展开更多
The Film Copy Deliverer Problem (FDP),much more difficult than TSP,is a new problem in the combination optimization. In this paper,a new algorithm is introduced. First,the FDP is converted to TSP. Then an evolutionary...The Film Copy Deliverer Problem (FDP),much more difficult than TSP,is a new problem in the combination optimization. In this paper,a new algorithm is introduced. First,the FDP is converted to TSP. Then an evolutionary algorithm based on inversion operator is adopted. Compared with other Genetic Algorithms,it is not only more simple and easier to realize but also faster and more accurate.展开更多
Medical education is associated with significant costs[1].These costs have led to a growing interest in how to deliver high quality or high quantity education on a limited budget.This in turn has led to an interest in...Medical education is associated with significant costs[1].These costs have led to a growing interest in how to deliver high quality or high quantity education on a limited budget.This in turn has led to an interest in how best to measure quantity,quality and cost and how to track these variables over time.The ultimate aim of the interest in cost and value in medical education is to展开更多
The Internet of thing(Io T) emerges as a possible solution to realize a smart life in the modern age. In this article, we design and realize a novel near field communication(NFC)-driven smart home system for Io T,...The Internet of thing(Io T) emerges as a possible solution to realize a smart life in the modern age. In this article, we design and realize a novel near field communication(NFC)-driven smart home system for Io T, which integrates the wireless sensor network(WSN), social networks, and the cloud computing. NFC technology provides a way for users to exchange information between them and the system by simply contacting. So, we propose to use NFC as the system drive in the architecture, such that users can intuitively interact with the system and deliver their intentions. Then, the corresponding service over the system will control or adjust the “things” at home to fit users' needs. Furthermore, the proposed system provides a platform for developers to easily and rapidly implement their smart home related services. In the system, WSN sensing and control, NFC communications and identification, user profile management and preference analysis, and social network integration are all provided as platform services. We will show how the system works for home automation, intruder detection, and social network sharing.展开更多
Standards digitalization is a priority of future standardization work in China,as the National Standardization Development Outline puts forward“promoting the transformation of standardization in a digital,networked a...Standards digitalization is a priority of future standardization work in China,as the National Standardization Development Outline puts forward“promoting the transformation of standardization in a digital,networked and smart way”.When delivering a report at the National Standardization Work Conference earlier this year.展开更多
The development of novel drug delivery systems is an essential step toward controlled site-specific administration of therapeutics within the body. It is desirable for delivery vehicles to be introduced into the body ...The development of novel drug delivery systems is an essential step toward controlled site-specific administration of therapeutics within the body. It is desirable for delivery vehicles to be introduced into the body through minimally invasive means and, these vehicles should be capable of releasing drug to their intended location at a controlled rate. Furthermore, it is desirable to develop drug delivery systems that are capable of in vivo to suffer degradation and to deliver the drug completely, avoiding the need to surgically remove the vehicle at the end of its useful lifetime. Hydrogels are of particular interest for drug delivery applications due to their ability to address these needs in addition to their good biocompatibility, tunable network structure to control the diffusion of drugs and, tunable affinity for drugs. However, hydrogels are also limited for drug delivery applications due to the often quick elution of drug from their highly swollen polymer matrices as well as the difficulty inherent in the injection of macroscopic hydrogels into the body. This paper presents an overview to the advances in hydrogels based drug delivery. Different types of hydrogels can be used for drug delivery to specific sites in the gastrointestinal tract ranging from the oral cavity to the colon. These novel systems exhibit a range of several peculiar properties which make them attractive as controlled drug release formulations. Moreover, such materials are biocompatible and can be formulated to give controlled, pulsed, and triggered drug release profiles in a variety of tissues.展开更多
A discrete event heuristic feedback control system fo r a steel plate storage at Odense Steel Shipyard Ltd is developed and implemente d in a computer-based simulation model. The plant is subject to stochastic dist ur...A discrete event heuristic feedback control system fo r a steel plate storage at Odense Steel Shipyard Ltd is developed and implemente d in a computer-based simulation model. The plant is subject to stochastic dist urbances. The control system is able to handle this stochastic behaviour bec ause of the feedback design. The present simulation results indicate that a bene fit in the range of 30%~40% is reachable by modifying the plant. Plant description The steel plate storage is located at Odense Steel Shipyard Ltd, Denmark. The st eel plate storage contains steel plates used to build ship sections. The size of the storage is 600x35 meters. It consists of 32x8 stacks of plates. Plates are delivered and removed dynamically. The plate storage contains 5.000 steel plates in average. Over time, new plates delivered to the storage replace plates removed from the storage. The maximum si ze of a plate is 17x4 meters with a weight of up to 22 tons. The plates are uniq ue and dedicated to a specific purpose but in average the 5 000 plates consist o f 2 500 types. Plates are transported around the plate storage by two portal cranes. The cranes drive on a common rail and hence they cannot overtake each other. The cranes us e magnetic force to lift the plates. The crane can deliver the lifted plate to a conveyor belt or to another stack depending on whether the plate has been order ed for the current day or later. The plant is subject to different kinds of disturbances. The processes performed at the plant are stochastic. Furthermore, the due dates of the plates are frequ ently changed and hence the effect of previously sorting might be lost. The control task is to dispatch movements of plates to the two cranes. The overa ll goal is to minimize the costs at the plate storage and hence the two cranes a re used for executing the movements as fast as possible without colliding and re spect other physical constraints. Problem solution Different approaches have been investigated to solve the problem. A discrete eve nt heuristic feedback controller is used as an online algorithm. The controller is combined with a local search heuristic for improving the initial plan deliver ed by the controller. The improved plan is used as a reference for another feedb ack controller. To indicate the size of the problem, consider an example where the online algori thm is used for executing 600 movements for one day. Through the day the algorit hm finds the locally optimal movement between 20 executable movements. Then the number of different solutions is 20 600! Notice that the possibility of cho osing another destination for the plates to be moved is not taken into account! Results Without time disturbances the controller using an optimised plan as a reference supply the best performance. Nevertheless, when time disturbances are introduces the discrete event heuristic feedback controller performs as well. The comparis on depends on the size of the disturbances. When the disturbances reach a certai n level the discrete event heuristic feedback controller supply the best perform ance and robustness. If the performance is compared with the working system of today, it seems realis tic that a 30%~40% reduction in time is reachable.展开更多
Recombinant vaccinia virus has many advantagesover more restricted vectors like retrovirus andadenovirus. The proven safety of vaccinia virus, which isrestricted to local and transitory infection, favors clinicalappli...Recombinant vaccinia virus has many advantagesover more restricted vectors like retrovirus andadenovirus. The proven safety of vaccinia virus, which isrestricted to local and transitory infection, favors clinicalapplication of vaccinia virus to deliver cytokines locally.展开更多
In recent years, great enthusiasm is given to theresearches of cancer gene therapy, which seems to bea promising novel strategy for cancer treatment.There are several strategies to deliver target genes intobodies. Amo...In recent years, great enthusiasm is given to theresearches of cancer gene therapy, which seems to bea promising novel strategy for cancer treatment.There are several strategies to deliver target genes intobodies. Among them, adenovirus-mediated genetransfection exhibits great advantages including highgene transfer efficiency and high expression level. Butthe optimal route of gene delivery is still uncertain.展开更多
It has been approximately six and one-half yearssince the first patient was enrolled in a gene therapyclinical trial. Since that important begining, this typeof genetic intervention has grown into a worldwideinvestiga...It has been approximately six and one-half yearssince the first patient was enrolled in a gene therapyclinical trial. Since that important begining, this typeof genetic intervention has grown into a worldwideinvestigative activity involving about 2100 patients asof December 1996. Although it was initially展开更多
The facilities of 50 kl/a TDI unit at the North Jinghua Polyurethane Company in Liaoning province have been operating smoothly and safely for 158 h to deliver 500 tons of first-grade TDI products.The construction of t...The facilities of 50 kl/a TDI unit at the North Jinghua Polyurethane Company in Liaoning province have been operating smoothly and safely for 158 h to deliver 500 tons of first-grade TDI products.The construction of this project has incarnated that the North Jinghua Polyurethane Company has completely mastered the TDI production technique.展开更多
基金Project "973",a national fundamental research development program,for its financial support
文摘With the development of the Tazhong No. 1 carbonate gas condensate reservoir in China, it has become more and more important to study the characteristics of gas condensate well deliverability. A single-well radial simulator for dual-permeability reservoirs was established to study the influences of fluid properties, permeability, and pressure drawdown on well deliverability with and without the capillary number effect. The simulation shows that well deliverability basically maintains its initial value and is not affected by the capillary number when the formation pressure is higher than dew-point pressure. However, well deliverability drops rapidly when the formation pressure is lower than dew-point pressure. Even if the condensate dropout is very low, well deliverability without the capillary number effect reduces to 50 percent of its initial value when reservoir pressure declines to 95 percent of dew-point pressure, but well deliverability is significantly improved if the capillary number effect exists. The capillary number effect is most significant when reservoir pressure is just lower than dew point pressure, then the effect decreases; the reduction of well deliverability is mainly caused by the reduction of gas relative permeability of the matrix system near the wellbore.
基金Fund project:National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program-2014CB239205).
文摘Calculating the absolute open flow potential timely and investigating production capacity so as to adjust working system of production wells is one of main means to effectively recovery gas reservoirs during intermediate and late development stage.In order to obtain the open flow potential of gas wells accurately,a new method which utilized a single steady point was proposed in this research,which was based on deliverability formula of a gas well in pseudo-steady state flow with pseudo-pressure form.The influence on factor B in binomial productivity equation caused by the changed permeability was taken into consideration.According to the stable production data,reservoir permeability K can be determined by iterative method firstly,and the coefficient A,B in binomial productivity equation can be calculated with the open flow potential subsequently.It illustrated clearly by a practical example that the new method was suitable for gas wells especially when the producing pressure drop is large.Additionally,the error between the open flow potential value and interpretation result from the multi-point test was small,which proved it to be more simple,economic and effective than the common one.
文摘KeLa-2 gas reservoir is the largest uncompartimentalized gas field so far discovered in China, with a reserve of hundreds of billions of cubic meters of dry gas. It has such features as extremely long interval (550m), high pressure (74.5MPa) and pressure coefficient (2.022). Gas reservoirs with a pressure coefficient of over 2.0 are not commonly found. The abnormal high-pressure reservoirs are quite different in characteristic and performance during the process of depletion exploitation. Therefore, it is necessary to know the property of pressure sensitivity for this abnormal high-pressure reservoir. The aim of this paper is to test the reservoir pressure sensitivity and to analyze its effect on the deliverability of gas. Through some experiments, the permeability change with the confining pressure of rock samples from KeLa-2 abnormal high-pressure gas reservoir is measured. A power function is used to match the measured data, and to derive an empirical equation to describe the change of permeability through the change of the reservoir pressure or effective overburden pressure. Considering the permeability change during the development of reservoirs, a conventional deliverability equation is modified, and the deliverability curve for KeLa-2 gas reservoir is predicted. The research indicates that the extent of the pressure sensitivity of rock samples from KeLa-2 is higher than that from the Daqing oilfield. KeLa-2 reservoir rock has the feature of an undercompaction state. The pressure sensitivity of a reservoir may decrease the well deliverability. It is concluded that for KeLa-2 reservoir the predicted absolute open flow (AOF), when the pressure sensitivity is taken into account, is approximately 70% of the AOF when permeability is constant and does not change with pressure.
文摘This paper examines five cases of mistranslation to shed light on the deliverability and truthfulness of mistranslations.In some cases,a“mistranslation”turns out to be a brilliant translation.Case 1:At a meeting for the UN Security Council Resolution 242,an intentional mistranslation may have been conducted between English and French texts,so Arab nations and Israel would agree.Case 2:At the time of the Sino-Japan diplomatic normalization,Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka made an apology to China that was mistranslated into something banal sounding.Case 3:During his US visit to see President Reagan,Japanese Prime Minister Nakasone’s remarks for an aircraft carrier were mistranslated.Case 4:In TPP negotiations,an ultimatum was pronounced by a Japanese interpreter,although the Japanese negotiator had not said it.Case 5:At a Japanese event,a supposedly deaf composer was dubbed a“digital-age Beethoven”in English;but he replaced it with a“modern-day Beethoven”in Japanese to make himself sound more significant.In hindsight,some cases of mistranslations are hard to judge as mistakes.However,identifying mistranslations helps reveal cultural differences and complicated political differences,and can help improve the quality of translation and interpretation.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under contract No. 2012CB114403General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China to Dr. Fuhua Li under contract No. 31072203+1 种基金National Hightech Research and Development Program under contract Nos 2012AA10A404 and 2012AA092205China Agriculture Research System under contract No. CARS-47
文摘Recombinant bacteria secreting the transmembrane-truncated region of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) envelope protein VP28 named DhpVB were constructed, using live Escherichia coli as a deliverer and a con- stitutive secretory expression plasmid as the expression vector. With the ability to deliver recombinant pro- tein products outside, DhpVB could make VP28 directly interact with the shrimp when injected into shrim- p. In order to test the protection potential, live DhpVB were injected into the marine shrimp Exopalamon carincauda Holthuis for three times and WSSV challenge was performed twice simultaneously at the last two injections of the bacteria. The results showed that DhpVB displayed statistically significant advantage over bacteria without VP28 after the second challenge with an average RI (Resistance index) of 0.67±0.08, compared with 0.41±0.09 of bacteria without VP28 (P 〈0.05). The data suggested that a quasi-immune response may exist in E. carincauda and live bacteria carrying VP28 could enhance the shrimp resistance against WSSV.
文摘Mr.Chairman,Ladies and Gentlemen,It is a great honour and pleasure for me tohave the opportunity to deliver this lecture on“How Acupuncture-Moxibustion Should Go For-ward into the 21st Century”.In 1978,the International Conference onPrimary Health Care held in Alma-Ata recog-nized the potential of traditional medicine in ex-tending primary health care to underserved pop-ulations.In many developing countries,in fact,people have always used both traditional
文摘The Film Copy Deliverer Problem (FDP),much more difficult than TSP,is a new problem in the combination optimization. In this paper,a new algorithm is introduced. First,the FDP is converted to TSP. Then an evolutionary algorithm based on inversion operator is adopted. Compared with other Genetic Algorithms,it is not only more simple and easier to realize but also faster and more accurate.
文摘Medical education is associated with significant costs[1].These costs have led to a growing interest in how to deliver high quality or high quantity education on a limited budget.This in turn has led to an interest in how best to measure quantity,quality and cost and how to track these variables over time.The ultimate aim of the interest in cost and value in medical education is to
基金supported in part by the NSC under Grant No.103-2815-C-024-013-E and 102-2218-E-009-014-MY3the MOST under Grant No.103-2221-E-024-005
文摘The Internet of thing(Io T) emerges as a possible solution to realize a smart life in the modern age. In this article, we design and realize a novel near field communication(NFC)-driven smart home system for Io T, which integrates the wireless sensor network(WSN), social networks, and the cloud computing. NFC technology provides a way for users to exchange information between them and the system by simply contacting. So, we propose to use NFC as the system drive in the architecture, such that users can intuitively interact with the system and deliver their intentions. Then, the corresponding service over the system will control or adjust the “things” at home to fit users' needs. Furthermore, the proposed system provides a platform for developers to easily and rapidly implement their smart home related services. In the system, WSN sensing and control, NFC communications and identification, user profile management and preference analysis, and social network integration are all provided as platform services. We will show how the system works for home automation, intruder detection, and social network sharing.
文摘Standards digitalization is a priority of future standardization work in China,as the National Standardization Development Outline puts forward“promoting the transformation of standardization in a digital,networked and smart way”.When delivering a report at the National Standardization Work Conference earlier this year.
基金This work was financially supported by a Grant(Praxis SFRH/BD/48324/2008)from FCT(Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia,Portugal).
文摘The development of novel drug delivery systems is an essential step toward controlled site-specific administration of therapeutics within the body. It is desirable for delivery vehicles to be introduced into the body through minimally invasive means and, these vehicles should be capable of releasing drug to their intended location at a controlled rate. Furthermore, it is desirable to develop drug delivery systems that are capable of in vivo to suffer degradation and to deliver the drug completely, avoiding the need to surgically remove the vehicle at the end of its useful lifetime. Hydrogels are of particular interest for drug delivery applications due to their ability to address these needs in addition to their good biocompatibility, tunable network structure to control the diffusion of drugs and, tunable affinity for drugs. However, hydrogels are also limited for drug delivery applications due to the often quick elution of drug from their highly swollen polymer matrices as well as the difficulty inherent in the injection of macroscopic hydrogels into the body. This paper presents an overview to the advances in hydrogels based drug delivery. Different types of hydrogels can be used for drug delivery to specific sites in the gastrointestinal tract ranging from the oral cavity to the colon. These novel systems exhibit a range of several peculiar properties which make them attractive as controlled drug release formulations. Moreover, such materials are biocompatible and can be formulated to give controlled, pulsed, and triggered drug release profiles in a variety of tissues.
文摘A discrete event heuristic feedback control system fo r a steel plate storage at Odense Steel Shipyard Ltd is developed and implemente d in a computer-based simulation model. The plant is subject to stochastic dist urbances. The control system is able to handle this stochastic behaviour bec ause of the feedback design. The present simulation results indicate that a bene fit in the range of 30%~40% is reachable by modifying the plant. Plant description The steel plate storage is located at Odense Steel Shipyard Ltd, Denmark. The st eel plate storage contains steel plates used to build ship sections. The size of the storage is 600x35 meters. It consists of 32x8 stacks of plates. Plates are delivered and removed dynamically. The plate storage contains 5.000 steel plates in average. Over time, new plates delivered to the storage replace plates removed from the storage. The maximum si ze of a plate is 17x4 meters with a weight of up to 22 tons. The plates are uniq ue and dedicated to a specific purpose but in average the 5 000 plates consist o f 2 500 types. Plates are transported around the plate storage by two portal cranes. The cranes drive on a common rail and hence they cannot overtake each other. The cranes us e magnetic force to lift the plates. The crane can deliver the lifted plate to a conveyor belt or to another stack depending on whether the plate has been order ed for the current day or later. The plant is subject to different kinds of disturbances. The processes performed at the plant are stochastic. Furthermore, the due dates of the plates are frequ ently changed and hence the effect of previously sorting might be lost. The control task is to dispatch movements of plates to the two cranes. The overa ll goal is to minimize the costs at the plate storage and hence the two cranes a re used for executing the movements as fast as possible without colliding and re spect other physical constraints. Problem solution Different approaches have been investigated to solve the problem. A discrete eve nt heuristic feedback controller is used as an online algorithm. The controller is combined with a local search heuristic for improving the initial plan deliver ed by the controller. The improved plan is used as a reference for another feedb ack controller. To indicate the size of the problem, consider an example where the online algori thm is used for executing 600 movements for one day. Through the day the algorit hm finds the locally optimal movement between 20 executable movements. Then the number of different solutions is 20 600! Notice that the possibility of cho osing another destination for the plates to be moved is not taken into account! Results Without time disturbances the controller using an optimised plan as a reference supply the best performance. Nevertheless, when time disturbances are introduces the discrete event heuristic feedback controller performs as well. The comparis on depends on the size of the disturbances. When the disturbances reach a certai n level the discrete event heuristic feedback controller supply the best perform ance and robustness. If the performance is compared with the working system of today, it seems realis tic that a 30%~40% reduction in time is reachable.
文摘Recombinant vaccinia virus has many advantagesover more restricted vectors like retrovirus andadenovirus. The proven safety of vaccinia virus, which isrestricted to local and transitory infection, favors clinicalapplication of vaccinia virus to deliver cytokines locally.
文摘In recent years, great enthusiasm is given to theresearches of cancer gene therapy, which seems to bea promising novel strategy for cancer treatment.There are several strategies to deliver target genes intobodies. Among them, adenovirus-mediated genetransfection exhibits great advantages including highgene transfer efficiency and high expression level. Butthe optimal route of gene delivery is still uncertain.
文摘It has been approximately six and one-half yearssince the first patient was enrolled in a gene therapyclinical trial. Since that important begining, this typeof genetic intervention has grown into a worldwideinvestigative activity involving about 2100 patients asof December 1996. Although it was initially
文摘The facilities of 50 kl/a TDI unit at the North Jinghua Polyurethane Company in Liaoning province have been operating smoothly and safely for 158 h to deliver 500 tons of first-grade TDI products.The construction of this project has incarnated that the North Jinghua Polyurethane Company has completely mastered the TDI production technique.