By comparing China's import of major imported agriculture textile material( cotton and wool),the characteristics of import are concluded. On this basis,a restricted version of source differentiated almost ideal de...By comparing China's import of major imported agriculture textile material( cotton and wool),the characteristics of import are concluded. On this basis,a restricted version of source differentiated almost ideal demand system( RSDAIDS) is used to estimate the income and price elasticity of major imported agriculture textile material from the major sources based on the data from 1992 to 2015. The results are shown as follows.( 1) Although the dependency on imported cotton is lower than wool, the fluctuation of cotton import is much more drastic; China's demand for cotton is relatively price elastic with higher expenditure elasticity compared with wool; besides,the existence of complementarity is proved between imported cotton and wool.( 2) According to the import elasticity of cotton,demand for cotton imported from India shows priority over cotton from other sources; demand for cotton imported from America is the most price-sensitive one; substitution among cotton from different sources is weak.( 3) According to the import elasticity of wool,wool imported from Uruguay has bright market prospects. In addition,wool imported from Australia has irreplaceable advantage than that from New Zealand.展开更多
This paper explores the importance of customer-industry engagement (CIE) to peak energy demand by means of a newly developed Bayesian Network (BN) complex systems model entitled the Residential Electricity Peak Demand...This paper explores the importance of customer-industry engagement (CIE) to peak energy demand by means of a newly developed Bayesian Network (BN) complex systems model entitled the Residential Electricity Peak Demand Model (REPDM). The REPDM is based on a multi-disciplinary perspective designed to solve the complex problem of residential peak energy demand. The model provides a way to conceptualise and understand the factors that shift and reduce consumer demand in peak times. To gain insight into the importance of customer-industry engagement in affecting residential peak demand, this research investigates intervention impacts and major influences through testing five scenarios using different levels of customer-industry engagement activities. Scenario testing of the model outlines the dependencies between the customer-industry engagement interventions and the probabilities that are estimated to govern the dependencies that influence peak demand. The output from the model shows that there can be a strong interaction between the level of CIE activities and interventions. The influence of CIE activity can increase public and householder support for peak reduction and the model shows how the economic, technical and social interventions can achieve greater peak demand reductions when well-designed with appropriate levels of CIE activities.展开更多
Through the study of mutual process between groundwater systems and eco-environmental water demand, the eco-environmental water demand is brought into groundwater systems model as the important water consumption item ...Through the study of mutual process between groundwater systems and eco-environmental water demand, the eco-environmental water demand is brought into groundwater systems model as the important water consumption item and unification of groundwater抯 economic, environmental and ecological functions were taken into account. Based on eco-environmental water demand at Da抋n in Jilin province, a three-dimensional simulation and optimized management model of groundwater systems was established. All water balance components of groundwater systems in 1998 and 1999 were simulated with this model and the best optimal exploitation scheme of groundwater systems in 2000 was determined, so that groundwater resource was efficiently utilized and good economic, ecologic and social benefits were obtained.展开更多
This paper presents a study to optimize the heating energy costs in a residential building with varying electricity price signals based on an Economic Model Predictive Controller (EMPC). The investigated heating syste...This paper presents a study to optimize the heating energy costs in a residential building with varying electricity price signals based on an Economic Model Predictive Controller (EMPC). The investigated heating system consists of an air source heat pump (ASHP) incorporated with a hot water tank as active Thermal Energy Storage (TES), where two optimization problems are integrated together to optimize both the ASHP electricity consumption and the building heating consumption utilizing a heat dynamic model of the building. The results show that the proposed EMPC can save the energy cost by load shifting compared with some reference cases.展开更多
This paper applies Yourdon's (1989) structured systems analysis techniques to transport planning, and the environmental analysis of transport plans. It is usual for planners to treat these activities as separate p...This paper applies Yourdon's (1989) structured systems analysis techniques to transport planning, and the environmental analysis of transport plans. It is usual for planners to treat these activities as separate processes or 'systems'. Six serious shortcomings are identified in prevailing approaches to accounting for the environmental impacts of transport plans. The application of systems analysis has elucidated opportunities for overcoming these problems by integrating the two processes. The paper highlights the benefits of using these methods to direct research into, and development of, an integrated transport planning- environmental analysis system. Techniques applied are data flow diagrams, a Venn diagram and an entity-relationship diagram. Significant potential exists for integration within a geographic information system(GIS), although adoption of integrated methods by transport planners is likely to be incremental. Research confirms the usefulness of systems analysis in guiding the development of a GIS application to accommodate integrated transport planning and environmental analysis. Systems analysis also facilitates more careful and effective design of the databases underlying GIS analysis.展开更多
基金Industrial Research of National Wool and Csahmere Industry Technology System,China(No.CARS-40-20)
文摘By comparing China's import of major imported agriculture textile material( cotton and wool),the characteristics of import are concluded. On this basis,a restricted version of source differentiated almost ideal demand system( RSDAIDS) is used to estimate the income and price elasticity of major imported agriculture textile material from the major sources based on the data from 1992 to 2015. The results are shown as follows.( 1) Although the dependency on imported cotton is lower than wool, the fluctuation of cotton import is much more drastic; China's demand for cotton is relatively price elastic with higher expenditure elasticity compared with wool; besides,the existence of complementarity is proved between imported cotton and wool.( 2) According to the import elasticity of cotton,demand for cotton imported from India shows priority over cotton from other sources; demand for cotton imported from America is the most price-sensitive one; substitution among cotton from different sources is weak.( 3) According to the import elasticity of wool,wool imported from Uruguay has bright market prospects. In addition,wool imported from Australia has irreplaceable advantage than that from New Zealand.
文摘This paper explores the importance of customer-industry engagement (CIE) to peak energy demand by means of a newly developed Bayesian Network (BN) complex systems model entitled the Residential Electricity Peak Demand Model (REPDM). The REPDM is based on a multi-disciplinary perspective designed to solve the complex problem of residential peak energy demand. The model provides a way to conceptualise and understand the factors that shift and reduce consumer demand in peak times. To gain insight into the importance of customer-industry engagement in affecting residential peak demand, this research investigates intervention impacts and major influences through testing five scenarios using different levels of customer-industry engagement activities. Scenario testing of the model outlines the dependencies between the customer-industry engagement interventions and the probabilities that are estimated to govern the dependencies that influence peak demand. The output from the model shows that there can be a strong interaction between the level of CIE activities and interventions. The influence of CIE activity can increase public and householder support for peak reduction and the model shows how the economic, technical and social interventions can achieve greater peak demand reductions when well-designed with appropriate levels of CIE activities.
基金The Key Project of the National Ninth-Five-Year Plan No. 96-004-02-09The 48Project of Ministry of Water Resources No. 985106The Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Through the study of mutual process between groundwater systems and eco-environmental water demand, the eco-environmental water demand is brought into groundwater systems model as the important water consumption item and unification of groundwater抯 economic, environmental and ecological functions were taken into account. Based on eco-environmental water demand at Da抋n in Jilin province, a three-dimensional simulation and optimized management model of groundwater systems was established. All water balance components of groundwater systems in 1998 and 1999 were simulated with this model and the best optimal exploitation scheme of groundwater systems in 2000 was determined, so that groundwater resource was efficiently utilized and good economic, ecologic and social benefits were obtained.
文摘This paper presents a study to optimize the heating energy costs in a residential building with varying electricity price signals based on an Economic Model Predictive Controller (EMPC). The investigated heating system consists of an air source heat pump (ASHP) incorporated with a hot water tank as active Thermal Energy Storage (TES), where two optimization problems are integrated together to optimize both the ASHP electricity consumption and the building heating consumption utilizing a heat dynamic model of the building. The results show that the proposed EMPC can save the energy cost by load shifting compared with some reference cases.
文摘This paper applies Yourdon's (1989) structured systems analysis techniques to transport planning, and the environmental analysis of transport plans. It is usual for planners to treat these activities as separate processes or 'systems'. Six serious shortcomings are identified in prevailing approaches to accounting for the environmental impacts of transport plans. The application of systems analysis has elucidated opportunities for overcoming these problems by integrating the two processes. The paper highlights the benefits of using these methods to direct research into, and development of, an integrated transport planning- environmental analysis system. Techniques applied are data flow diagrams, a Venn diagram and an entity-relationship diagram. Significant potential exists for integration within a geographic information system(GIS), although adoption of integrated methods by transport planners is likely to be incremental. Research confirms the usefulness of systems analysis in guiding the development of a GIS application to accommodate integrated transport planning and environmental analysis. Systems analysis also facilitates more careful and effective design of the databases underlying GIS analysis.