Research on numerical simulation of flow field in shallow-bath dense-medium separator

介绍了浅槽重介分选机的结构、工作原理和技术特点，并采用Fluent软件，对浅槽重介分选机内部的流场进行了分析和研究，得出了各主要位置的速度和速度变化规律。揭示了浅槽重介分选机在分选过程中的悬浮液体流场形态及运动规律，以为其结构设计和改进提供理论依据。

Numerical simulations of dense granular flow in a two-dimensional channel:The role of exit position

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to elucidate the influence of exit position on a dense granular flow in a two-dimensional channel. The results show that the dense flow rate remains constant when the exit is far from the channel wall and increases exponentially when the exit moves close to the lateral position. Beverloo’s law proves to be successful in describing the relation between the dense flow rate and the exit size for both the center and the lateral exits.Further simulated results confirm the existence of arch-like structure of contact force above the exit. The effective exit size is enlarged when the exit moves from the center to the lateral position. As compared with the granular flow of the center exit, both the vertical velocities of the grains and the flow rate increase for the lateral exit.

STUDY ON RESISTANCE CHARACTERISTICOF GAS-SOLID DENSE EXTRUSION FLOW

An experimental study is made on the resistance characteristic ofthe dense extrusion flow with pulverized coal and nitrogen as medium in thispaper. Through the analysis of gas compressibility , solids continuity and lam-mar flow of both gas and solids, a

AN ANALYTIC SOLUTION OF DENSE TWO-PHASE FLOW IN A VERTICAL PIPELINE

According to a mathematical model for dense two-phase flows presented in the previous pape[1],a dense two-phase flow in a vertical pipeline is analytically solved, and the analytic expressions of velocity of each continuous phase and dispersed phase are respectively derived. The results show that when the drag force between twophasesdepends linearly on their relative velocity, the relative velocity profile in the pipeline coincides with Darcy's law except for the thin layer region near the pipeline wall, and that the theoretical assumptions in the dense two-phase flow theory mentioned are reasonable.

Numerical simulation of dense particle-gas two-phase flow using the minimal potential energy principle

A simulation method of dense particle-gas two-phase flow has been developed. The binding force is introduced to present the impact of particle clustering and its expression is deduced according to the principle of minimal potential energy. The cluster collision, break-up and coalescence models are proposed based on the assumption that the particle cluster are treated as one discrete phase. These models are used to numerically study the two-phase flow field in a circulating fluidized bed （CFB）. Detailed results of the cluster structure, cluster size, particle volume fraction, gas velocity, and particle velocity are obtained. The correlation between the simulation results and experimental data justifies that these models and algorithm are reasonable, and can be used to efficiently study the dense particle-gas two-phase flow.

Solid Boundary as Energy Source and Sink in a Dry Granular Dense Flow: A Comparison between Two Turbulent Closure Models

Solid boundary as energy source and sink of the turbulent kinetic energy of the grains, and its influence on the mean and turbulent features of a dry granular dense flow, are investigated by using the proposed zero- and first-order turbulent closure models. The first and second laws of thermodynamics are used to derive the equilibrium closure relations, with the dynamic responses postulated by a quasi-static theory for weak turbulent intensity. Two closure models are applied to analyses of a gravity-driven flow down an inclined moving plane. While the calculated mean porosity and velocity correspond to the experimental outcomes, the influence of the turbulent eddy evolution can be taken into account in the first-order model. Increasing velocity slip on the inclined plane tends to enhance the turbulent dissipation nearby, and the turbulent kinetic energy near the free surface. The turbulent dissipation demonstrates a similarity with that of Newtonian fluids in turbulent boundary layer flows. While two-fold roles of the solid boundary are apparent in the first-order model, its role as an energy sink is more obvious in the zero-order model.

A CLOSED SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS FOR DENSE TWO-PHASE FLOW AND EXPRESSIONS OF SHEARING STRESS OF DISPERSED PHA’E AT A WALL

Inthis paper, each of the two phases in dense two-phase flow is considered as continuous medium and the fundamental equations for two-phase flow arc described in Eulerian form. The generalized constitutive relation of the Bingham fluid is applied to the dispersed phase with the analysis oj physical mechanism of dense two-phase flow. The shearing stress of dispersed phase at a wall is used to give a boundary condition. Then a mathematical model for dense two-phase flow is obtained. In addition, the expressions of shearing stress of dispersed phase at a wall is derived according to the fundamental model of the friclional collision between dispersed-plutse particles and the wall.

Computational Analysis of Centrifugal Pump Delivering Solid-liquid Two-phase Flow during Startup Period

The transient behavior of centrifugal pumps during transient operating periods, such as startup and stopping, has drawn more and more attention recently because of urgent needs in engineering. Up to now, almost all the existing studies on this behavior are limited to using water as working fluid. The study on the transient behavior related to solid-liquid two-phase flow has not been seen yet. In order to explore the transient characteristics of a high specific-speed centrifugal pump during startup period delivering the pure water and solid-liquid two-phase flow, the transient flows inside the pump are numerically simulated using the dynamic mesh method. The variable rotational speed and flow rate with time obtained from experiment are best fitted as the function of time, and are written into computational fluid dynamics （CFD） code-FLUENT by using a user defined function. The predicted heads are compared with experimental results when pumping pure water. The results show that the difference in the transient performance during startup period is very obvious between water and solid-liquid two-phase flow during the later stage of startup process. Moreover, the time for the solid-liquid two-phase flow to achieve a stable condition is longer than that for water. The solid-liquid two-phase flow results in a higher impeller shaft power, a larger dynamic reaction force, a more violent fluctuation in pressure and a reduced stable pressure rise comparing with water. The research may be useful to tmderstanding on the transient behavior of a centrifugal pump under a solid-liquid two-phase flow during startup period.

Numerical simulation of predicting and reducing solid particle erosion of solid-liquid two-phase flow in a choke

Chokes are one of the most important components of downhole flow-control equipment. The particle erosion mathematical model, which considers particle-particle interaction, was established and used to simulate solid particle movement as well as particle erosion characteristics of the solid-liquid two-phase flow in a choke. The corresponding erosion reduction approach by setting ribs on the inner wall of the choke was advanced. This mathematical model includes three parts： the flow field simulation of the continuous carrier fluid by an Eulerian approach, the particle interaction simulation using the discrete particle hard sphere model by a Lagrangian approach and calculation of erosion rate using semiempirical correlations. The results show that particles accumulated in a narrow region from inlet to outlet of the choke and the dominating factor affecting particle motion is the fluid drag force. As a result, the optimization of rib geometrical parameters indicates that good anti-erosion performance can be achieved by four ribs, each of them with a height （H） of 3 mm and a width （B） of 5 mm equaling the interval between ribs （L）.

Human Action Recognition Based on Dense Trajectories Analysis and Random Forest

This paper presents a human action recognition method. It analyzes the spatio-temporal grids along the dense trajectories and generates the histogram of oriented gradients （HOG） and histogram of optical flow （HOF） to describe the appearance and motion of the human object. Then, HOG combined with HOF is converted to bag-of-words （BoWs） by the vocabulary tree. Finally, it applies random forest to recognize the type of human action. In the experiments, KTH database and URADL database are tested for the performance evaluation. Comparing with the other approaches, we show that our approach has a better performance for the action videos with high inter-class and low inter-class variabilities.

Influence of rheological characteristics on the fluidization catastrophe of tailings flows

Limited by mining technology,mineral exploitation can produce large amounts of tailings.Heavy summer rainfall or seasonal freeze-thaw can lead to physical and chemical modification of tailing material in mountainous areas,resulting in fluidized tailings flow and severe disaster losses.Therefore,aiming at the problem of tailings fluidization catastrophe,this paper tried to reveal the rheological mechanism of tailings fluidization transformation by combining rheological tests and theoretical analysis.The results show that the yield stress increases with decreasing temperature,and when the density of debris flow(ρ)is more than 1.9 g/cm~3,this behavior becomes more pronounced as the density increases.The storage modulus decreases by at least two orders of magnitude at the solid-fluid transition under amplitude test sweep.Storage and loss modulus in the linear viscoelastic range and yield stress have an exponential growth relationship with sediment concentration.In addition,a stress constitutive relation and a new exponential law describing the evolution of yield stress required for solid-liquid transformation were proposed,and the relationship is further strengthened through a comprehensive analysis of existing results,which expands the evaluation application of the rheological characteristics of tailings flow.This paper provides a new insight into the rheological properties of tailing and how they occur through solid-liquid transition under different environments,which is beneficial to geological hazard prevention and the ecological remediation of the mining area.

基于FLOW 3D的密排管桩防波堤透射系数研究

港内波高大小对泊稳条件影响重大。以海外某离岸式化工码头为工程背景,采用新型密排管桩防波堤为研究对象,探讨不同波浪工况下防波堤的透射性能。基于FLOW 3D的有限差分法,建立具有自由水面的三维数值波浪水池,通过与物理模型试验对比验证模型的准确性,分析在不同波陡、不同周期波浪条件下,不同管桩间缝宽的透射系数。结果表明:随波浪周期的增大,透射系数先增大后趋于平缓,当入射波浪周期大于一定范围时,防波堤对于波浪的掩护作用不再增强;在小周期波浪条件下,透射系数随桩间缝宽的增大而增大,当相对缝宽为0.05时,透射系数低于70%。研究结果可为实际工程应用提供指导。

基于多尺度密集连接网络的电容层析成像图像重建

为求解电容层析成像中的非线性病态反问题,提出了一种多尺度密集连接网络(MD-Net)模型。该模型由多尺度特征融合模块和密集连接块组成,以通过融合多尺度特征进一步提高图像的重建精度。通过MATLAB仿真实验平台构建了流型数据集,利用密集连接网络的非线性映射能力,完成训练集的学习与训练,并利用测试集进行训练效果评价。在此基础上进行了静态实验。仿真与静态实验结果均表明:与LBP、Landweber迭代算法和其他深度学习方法相比,该方法的重建精度最高、抗噪能力强,并具有良好的泛化能力。

基于UNet3+生成对抗网络的视频异常检测

为解决传统视频异常检测方法在不同场景下多尺度特征提取不完全的问题,提出两种方法:一种是用于简单场景的基于UNet3+的生成对抗网络方法(简称U3P^(2)),另一种是用于复杂场景的基于UNet++的生成对抗网络方法(简称UP^(3))。两种方法分别对连续输入的视频帧生成预测,引入多种损失函数和光流模型学习其外观与运动信息,通过计算AUC进行性能评估。U3P^(2)方法以6.3 M参数量在Ped2数据集的AUC提升约0.6%,而UP^(3)方法在Avenue数据集的AUC提升约0.8%,验证其能够有效应对不同场景下的异常检测任务。

致密砾岩水力裂缝扩展大型矿场实验

砾岩储层由于砾石的存在而具有极强的非均质性,砾岩压裂成缝机理复杂.受限于岩样尺寸和实验条件,室内压裂物理模拟受砾石尺寸效应影响显著,裂缝扩展时间尺度小.为真实记录裂缝动态扩展过程,反映现场实际工况条件下的压后裂缝宏观整体形态,搭建一套超大尺寸(2.0 m×2.0 m×1.0 m)真三轴水力压裂矿场实验平台,通过万吨级应力加载装置、真实管汇和压裂泵车,实现现场真实工况条件下的砾岩水力压裂模拟.基于该平台,分析了水平应力差、压裂液黏度和单孔进液速率对砾岩压裂裂缝动态扩展过程和压后裂缝宏观整体形态的影响规律.实验结果表明,砾岩压裂趋于在井筒处形成“纵向缝+横切缝”的复杂多裂缝形态,远离井筒后,横切主缝扩展优势逐步显现,局部遇砾形成分支缝;12 MPa高水平应力差条件下,压后近井区域形成多缝竞争扩展的复杂裂缝带,横切主缝向远端延伸优势减弱;压裂液黏度低于50 mPa·s时,压后横切主缝扩展优势显著,当压裂液黏度高于50 mPa·s时,近井区域形成复杂多裂缝形态;单孔进液速率超过0.3 m^(3)/min后,井筒处趋于形成多条纵向缝,易导致段间压窜.研究成果有助于深化认识砾岩储层压裂裂缝真实形态,为砾岩水力压裂方案设计提供理论指导.

基于帧间跨越光流的视频超分辨率重建网络

面对运动幅度较大的复杂场景,当前的视频超分辨率(VSR)算法在处理长序列时无法充分利用不同距离的帧间信息,难以精确地恢复遮挡、边界和多细节区域。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于帧间跨越光流机制的VSR模型。首先,通过密集残差块(RDB)提取低分辨率视频帧(LR)的浅层特征;其次,通过光流空间金字塔网络(SPyNet)以不同时间长度的跨越光流对视频帧进行运动估计和运动补偿,并通过RDB对帧间信息进行深层特征提取与矫正;最后,融合浅层特征与深层特征,并通过上采样得到高分辨率视频帧(HR)。在REDS4公开数据集上的实验结果表明,所提模型与经典的非显式运动补偿的动态上采样滤波器视频超分辨率网络(DUF-VSR)相比,峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构相似性(SSIM)分别提升了1.07 dB和0.06。验证了所提模型可有效提高视频图像重建的质量。

基于EMD的密相气力输送两相流系统内子系统相互联系和作用

利用信号分析考察密相气力输送两相流系统内子系统之间的相互联系和作用。首先,基于经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)将密相气力输送两相流系统的静电波动信号分解成若干信号分量,即固有模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF),再结合各IMF分量的能量比重确定出IMF1~IMF4为主干分量。之后,结合静电信号EMD分解结果、输送管道中颗粒的分布状况及颗粒运动机理的差异性三者,明确气固两相流系统内的子系统。最后,利用IMF1~IMF4的主频和方差的变化规律,分别考察了子系统之间的联系和作用。实验结果表明:水平输送管道中的气固两相流系统可分成4个子系统,分别是稀相区、交界区、浓相区以及贴壁区内的颗粒流体组织;子系统之间依靠颗粒在彼此间游走而进行联系;同时,子系统之间也存在竞争作用,该竞争是颗粒主导和气流主导两种机制之间的竞争,当颗粒悬浮性较弱时竞争激烈,当颗粒悬浮性变好时竞争减弱。

改进条件对抗域适应网络的弱磁信号分类研究

针对小目标铁磁体弱磁场序列图像数据获取困难的小样本问题,采用基于稠密光流法与关联特征对齐的条件对抗域适应网络,解决缺乏标签数据的弱磁信号分类检测任务。算法引入稠密光流法学习磁场序列图像之间的动态特征,并将其与原始图像得到的静态特征相结合,提高分类器对纹理相似图像的鉴别能力;同时引入关联特征对齐模块,减少源域与目标域的特征分布差异。网络模型基于近场磁场分布图像与远场磁场分布图像进行验证评估,与原始算法相比,在有无添加熵条件两种情况下准确率分别提升了5.50%和4.50%。

Mathematical Modelling of Particle Movement Ahead of the Solid-liquid Interface in Continuous Casting

Whether the particle will be trapped by the solid-liquid interface or not is dependent on its moving behavior ahead of the interface, so a mathematical model has been developed to investigate the movement of the particle ahead of the solid-liquid interface. Based on the theory for the boundary layer, the fluid velocity field near the solid-liquid interface was obtained, and the trajectories of particles were calculated by the equations of motion for particles. In this model, the drag force, the added mass force, the buoyance force, the gravitational force, the Saffman force and the Basset history force are considered. The results show that the behavior of the particle ahead of the solid-liquid interface is affected by the physical property of the particle and fluid flow. And in the continuous casting process, if it moves in the stream directed upward or downward near vertical solid-liquid interface or in the horizontal flow under the solid-liquid interface, the particle with the diameter from 5 um to 60um can reach the solid-liquid interface. But if it moves in horizontal flow above the solid-liquid interface, only the particle with the diameter from 5 um to 10 um can reach the solid-liquid interface.

Erosion Characteristics of Hydraulic Turbine Guide-Vane End Clearance in Sediment Water Flow: A Simplified Model Analysis

The effect of clearance flow on the erosion characteristics of a circular cylinder with a backward facing step in sediment-laden water flow is analyzed numerically with the mixture model and the re-normalization group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model. Thirty-six monitoring points are set up on different stream surfaces to collect information on the impact erosion under different flow conditions, where the Initial Sediment Volume Fraction (ISVF) is set to 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15;particle diameter is set to 0.05 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.35 mm, and 0.45 mm respectively. The distribution of particle velocity and Local Solid-Phase Volume Fraction (LSVF) along different stream surfaces are calculated, based on which the trend of erosion is qualitatively evaluated. ISVF and particle diameter play different roles on the impact erosion index parameter () on the different wetted walls. Relative wear rate of numerical estimation agrees well with the practical one under the same working condition. Numerical analysis demonstrates that guide vane with a negative curvature end surface (concave surface) can decrease erosion damage effectively, which may provide a reference for optimal design and maintenance of hydraulic turbine.