Stress waves affect the stress field at the crack tip and dominate the dynamic crack propagation.Therefore,evaluating the influence of blasting stress waves on the crack propagation behavior and the mechanical charact...Stress waves affect the stress field at the crack tip and dominate the dynamic crack propagation.Therefore,evaluating the influence of blasting stress waves on the crack propagation behavior and the mechanical characteristics of crack propagation is of great significance for engineering blasting.In this study,ANSYS/LS-DYNA was used for blasting numerical simulation,in which the propagation characteristics of blasting stress waves and stress field distribution at the crack tip were closely observed.Moreover,ABAQUS was applied for simulating the crack propagation path and calculating dynamic stress intensity factors(DSIFs).The universal function was calculated by the fractalmethod.The results show that:the compressive wave causes the crack to close and the reflected tensile wave drives the crack to initiate and propagate,and failure mode is mainly tensile failure.The crack propagation velocity varies with time,which increases at first and then decreases,and the crack arrest occurs due to the attenuation of stress waves and dissipation of the blasting energy.In addition,crack arrest toughness is smaller than the crack initiation toughness,applied pressure waveforms(such as the peak pressure,duration,waveforms,wavelengths and loading rates)have a great influence on DSIFs.It is conducive to our deep understanding or the study of blasting stress waves dominated fracture,suggesting a broad reference for the further development of rock blasting in engineering practice.展开更多
In order to study the dynamic and electrical coupling response characteristics of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Controlled Thyristor(MCT)high-voltage switch under the synergic action of mechanical load and high voltage,th...In order to study the dynamic and electrical coupling response characteristics of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Controlled Thyristor(MCT)high-voltage switch under the synergic action of mechanical load and high voltage,the separated Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)test system was used to simulate different impact load environments,and combined with the multi-layer high-voltage ceramic capacitor charging and discharging system,the instantaneous electrical signals of MCT high-voltage switch were collected.Combined with numerical simulation and theoretical analysis,the failure mode and stress wave propagation characteristics of MCT high voltage switch were determined.The mechanical and electrical coupling response characteristics and failure mechanism of MCT high voltage switch under dynamic load were revealed from macroscopic and microscopic levels.The results show that the damage modes of MCT high-voltage switches can be divided into non-functional damage,recoverable functional damage,non-recoverable damage and structural damage.Due to the gap between the metal gate and the oxide layer,the insulating oxide layer was charged.After placing for a period of time,the elastic deformation of the metal gate partially recovered and the accumulated charge disappeared,which induced the recoverable functional damage failure of the device.In addition,obvious cracks appeared on both sides of the monocrystalline silicon inside the MCT high-voltage switch,leading to unrecoverable damage of the device.展开更多
Several cardiac outcomes have been reported with West Nile-encephalitis;however, the underlying pathophysiology remains complex. We present a 42-year-old female, with multiple sclerosis, whose neurological symptoms an...Several cardiac outcomes have been reported with West Nile-encephalitis;however, the underlying pathophysiology remains complex. We present a 42-year-old female, with multiple sclerosis, whose neurological symptoms and respiratory decline were finally explained by the diagnosis of West Nile-encephalitis. During her admission, the isolated peaked T-waves indicated the underlying stress-induced cardiomyopathy. The absence of all other causes of hyperacute T-waves, their subsequent resolution with the resolution of infection and improvement in wall motion abnormalities, further supported the association. This case highlights the importance of considering hyperacute T-waves in an approach towards the diagnosis of WNV-encephalitis related atypical variant of stress-induced cardiomyopathy.展开更多
Harmonic nonlinear ultrasound can offer high sensitivity for residual stress measurements;however,it cannot be used for local stress measurements at a point in space and exhibits nonlinear distortions in the experimen...Harmonic nonlinear ultrasound can offer high sensitivity for residual stress measurements;however,it cannot be used for local stress measurements at a point in space and exhibits nonlinear distortions in the experimental system.This paper presents a feasibility study on the measurement of residual stress in a metal plate using a nonlinear Lamb wave-mixing technique.The resonant conditions for two Lamb waves to generate a mixing frequency wave are obtained via theoretical analysis.Finite element simulations are performed to investigate the nonlinear interactions between the two Lamb waves.Results show that two incident A0 waves interact in regions of material nonlinearity and generate a rightward S0 wave at the sum frequency.Residual stress measurement experiments are conducted on steel plate specimens using the collinear Lamb wave-mixing technique.By setting different delays for two transmitters,the generated sum-frequency component at different spatial locations is measured.Experimental results show that the spatial distribution of the amplitude of the sum-frequency component agrees well with the spatial distribution of the residual stress measured using X-rays.The proposed collinear Lamb wave-mixing method is effective for measuring the distribution of residual stress in metal plates.展开更多
High-voltage pulse discharge(HVPD)rock fragmentation controls a plasma channel forming inside the rock by adjusting the electrical parameters,electrode type,etc.In this work,an HVPD rock fragmentation test platform wa...High-voltage pulse discharge(HVPD)rock fragmentation controls a plasma channel forming inside the rock by adjusting the electrical parameters,electrode type,etc.In this work,an HVPD rock fragmentation test platform was built and the test waveforms were measured.Considering the effects of temperature,channel expansion and electromagnetic radiation,the impedance model of the plasma channel in the rock was established.The parameters and initial values of the model were determined by an iterative computational process.The model calculation results can reasonably characterize the development of the plasma channel in the rock and estimate the shock wave characteristics.Based on the plasma channel impedance model,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the radial stress and tangential stress in the rock were calculated,and the rock fragmentation effect of the HVPD was analyzed.展开更多
The dynamic response of the steel lazy wave riser(SLWR)subjected to the internal solitary wave is a key to assessing its application feasibility.The innovation of this paper is to study the dynamic response properties...The dynamic response of the steel lazy wave riser(SLWR)subjected to the internal solitary wave is a key to assessing its application feasibility.The innovation of this paper is to study the dynamic response properties of the SLWR with large deformation characteristics under internal wave excitation.A numerical scheme of the SLWR is constructed using the slender-rod theory,and the internal solitary wave(ISW)with a two-layer seawater model is simulated by the extended Korteweg-deVries equation.The finite element method combined with the Newmark-βmethod is applied to discretize the equations and update the time integration.The ISW excitation combined with vessel motion on the dynamic deformation and stress of the SLWR is investigated,and extensive simulations of the ISW parameters,including the interface depth ratio and density difference,are carried out.Case calculation reveals that the displacement of the riser in the lower interface layer increases significantly under the ISW excitation,and the stresses at a part of both ends grow evidently.Moreover,the mean value of riser responses under a combination of vessel motion and ISW coincides with the ISW-induced ones.Furthermore,the dynamic responses along the whole riser,including the displacement amplitudes,bending moment amplitudes,and stress amplitudes,almost increase with the increase in interface depth ratios and density differences.展开更多
Accurate decay detection and health assessment of trees at low temperatures is an important issue for forest management and ecology in cold areas.Low temperature ice formation on tree health assessment is unknown.Beca...Accurate decay detection and health assessment of trees at low temperatures is an important issue for forest management and ecology in cold areas.Low temperature ice formation on tree health assessment is unknown.Because electric resistance tomography and stress wave tomography are two widely used methods for the detection of tree decay,this study investigated the effect of ice content on trunk electrical resistance and stress wave velocity to improve tree health assessment accuracy.Moisture content,trunk electrical resistance and stress wave velocity using time domain reflectometry were carried out on Larix gmelinii and Populus simonii.Ice content is based on moisture content data.The ice content of both species showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing.This was opposite with ambient temperatures.With the decrease of temperatures,daily average ice content increased,but the range narrowed gradually and both electrical resistance and stress wave velocity increased.Both increased rapidly near 0℃,mainly caused by ice formation(phase change and freezing of free water)in live trees.In addition,both are positively correlated with ice content.The results suggest that ice content should be considered for improving the accuracy of tree decay detection and health evaluation using electric resistance tomography and stress wave velocity methods under low temperatures.展开更多
As a typical nonlinear wave,forward-leaning waves can be frequently encountered in the near-shore areas,which can impact coastal sediment transport significantly.Hence,it is of significance to describe the characteris...As a typical nonlinear wave,forward-leaning waves can be frequently encountered in the near-shore areas,which can impact coastal sediment transport significantly.Hence,it is of significance to describe the characteristics of the boundary layer beneath forward-leaning waves accurately,especially for the turbulent boundary layer.In this work,the linearized turbulent boundary layer model with a linear turbulent viscosity coefficient is applied,and the novel expression of the near-bed orbital velocity that has been worked out by the authors for forward-leaning waves of arbitrary forward-leaning degrees is further used to specify the free stream boundary condition of the bottom boundary layer.Then,a variable transformation is found so as to make the equation of the turbulent boundary layer model be solved analytically through a modified Bessel function.Consequently,an explicit analytical solution of the turbulent boundary layer beneath forward-leaning waves is derived by means of variable separation and variable transformation.The analytical solutions of the velocity profile and bottom shear stress of the turbulent boundary layer beneath forward-leaning waves are verified by comparing the present analytical results with typical experimental data available in the previous literature.展开更多
Although the internal stress state of soils can be affected by repetitive loading,there are few studies evaluating the lateral stress(or K_(0))of soils under repetitive loading.This study investigates the changes in K...Although the internal stress state of soils can be affected by repetitive loading,there are few studies evaluating the lateral stress(or K_(0))of soils under repetitive loading.This study investigates the changes in K_(0) and directional shear wave velocity(V_(s))in samples of two granular materials with different particle shapes during repetitive loading.A modified oedometer cell equipped with bender elements and a diaphragm transducer was developed to measure the variations in the lateral stress and the shear wave velocity,under repetitive loading on the loading and unloading paths.The study produced the following results:(1)Repetitive loading on the loading path resulted in an increase in the K_(0) of test samples as a function of cyclic loading number(i),and(2)Repetitive loading on the unloading path resulted in a decrease in K_(0) according to i.The shear wave velocity ratio(i.e.V_(s)(HH)/V_(s)(VH),where the first and second letters in parentheses corresponds to the directions of wave propagation and particle motion,respectively,and V and H corresponds to the vertical and horizontal directions,respectively)according to i supports the experimental observations of this study.However,when the tested material was in lightly over-consolidated state,there was an increase in K_(0) during repetitive loading,indicating that it was the initial K_(0),rather than the loading path,which is responsible for the change in K_(0).The power model can capture the variation in the K_(0) of samples according to i.Notably,the K_(0)=1 line acts as the boundary between the increase and decrease in K_(0) under repetitive loading.展开更多
Objective:To explore the feasibility of two-dimensional shear wave elastography in evaluating calf skeletal muscle stiffness in diabetic nephropathy patients with medial tibial stress syndrome.Methods:A total of 48 di...Objective:To explore the feasibility of two-dimensional shear wave elastography in evaluating calf skeletal muscle stiffness in diabetic nephropathy patients with medial tibial stress syndrome.Methods:A total of 48 diabetic nephropathy patients with medial tibial stress syndrome from January 2020 to December 2022 were included as the study group,and 48 patients with diabetic nephropathy during the same period were included as the control group.Both groups were detected by two-dimensional shear wave elastography with ultrasonic equipment,and Young‘s modulus of the tibialis anterior muscle,tibialis posterior muscle,and gastrocnemius muscle were observed and analyzed in the two groups.Results:The Young‘s modulus values of tibialis anterior muscle,tibialis posterior muscle,and gastrocnemius muscle in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Two-dimensional shear wave elastography is feasible for the evaluation of calf skeletal muscle stiffness in diabetic nephropathy patients with medial tibial stress syndrome,and has high accuracy and repeatability.This technique can be used to diagnose,treat and monitor muscle lesions in patients with diabetic nephropathy,and can also be used to assess muscle fatigue and exercise capacity,which has broad application prospects.展开更多
Using the complex variable method and conformal mapping,scat- tering of flexural waves and dynamic stress concentrations in Mindlin's thick plates with a cutout have been studied.The general solution of the stress...Using the complex variable method and conformal mapping,scat- tering of flexural waves and dynamic stress concentrations in Mindlin's thick plates with a cutout have been studied.The general solution of the stress problem of the thick plate satisfying the boundary conditions on the contour of cutouts is obtained. Applying the orthogonal function expansion technique,the dynamic stress problem can be reduced into the solution of a set of infinite algebraic equations.As examples, numerical results for the dynamic stress concentration factor in Mindlin's plates with a circular,elliptic cutout are graphically presented in sequence.展开更多
Wood nondestructive testing (NDT) is one of the high efficient methods in utilizing wood. This paper explained the principle of log defect testing by using stress wave, and analyzed the effects of sensor quantity on...Wood nondestructive testing (NDT) is one of the high efficient methods in utilizing wood. This paper explained the principle of log defect testing by using stress wave, and analyzed the effects of sensor quantity on defect testing results by using stress wave in terms of image fitting degree and error rate. The results showed that for logs with diameter ranging from 20 to 40 cm, at least 12 sensors were needed to meet the requirement which ensure a high testing accuracy of roughly 90% of fitness with 0.1 of error rate. And 10 sensors were recommended to judge the possible locations of defects and 6 sensors were sufficient to decide whether there were defects or not.展开更多
We investigate analytically the effect of initial stress in piezoelectric layered structures loaded with viscous liquid on the dispersive and attenuated characteristics of Love waves, which involves a thin piezoelectr...We investigate analytically the effect of initial stress in piezoelectric layered structures loaded with viscous liquid on the dispersive and attenuated characteristics of Love waves, which involves a thin piezoelectric layer bonded perfectly to an unbounded elastic substrate. The effects of initial stress in the piezoelectric layer and the viscous coefficient of the liquid on the phase velocity of Love waves are analyzed. Numerical results are presented and discussed. The analytical method and the results can be useful for the design of chemical and biosensing liquid sensors.展开更多
Taking the joint matching coefficient(JMC) which represents the contact area ratio of the joint in rock masses as the key parameter, a one-dimensional contacted interface model(CIM-JMC) was established in this study t...Taking the joint matching coefficient(JMC) which represents the contact area ratio of the joint in rock masses as the key parameter, a one-dimensional contacted interface model(CIM-JMC) was established in this study to describe the wave propagation across a single joint. According to this model, the reflected and transmitted waves at the joint were obtained, and the energy coefficients of reflection and transmission were calculated. Compared with the modified Split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) experiment, it was validated by taking the incident wave of the SHPB test as the input condition in the CIM-JMC, and the reflected and transmitted waves across the joint were calculated by the model. The effects of four sets of JMCs(0.81, 0.64, 0.49, and 0.36) on the transmission and reflection of the stress wave propagation across the joint were analyzed and compared with the experimental results. It demonstrated that the values of CIM-JMC could represent both the transmission and reflection of the stress wave accurately when JMC > 0.5, but could relatively accurately represent the reflection rather than the transmission when JMC < 0.5. By contrasting energy coefficients of joints with different JMCs, it was revealed that energy dissipated sharply along the decrease of JMC when JMC > 0.5.展开更多
In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a permeable crack in functionally graded piezoelectric/piezomagnetic materials is investigated. To make the analysis tractable, it is assumed that the material properties vary ex...In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a permeable crack in functionally graded piezoelectric/piezomagnetic materials is investigated. To make the analysis tractable, it is assumed that the material properties vary exponentially with the coordinate parallel to the crack. By using the Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with the help of a pair of dual integral equations in which the unknown is the jump of displacements across the crack surfaces. These equations are solved to obtain the relations between the electric filed, the magnetic flux field and the dynamic stress field near the crack tips using the Schmidt method. Numerical examples are provided to show the effect of the functionally graded parameter and the circular frequency of the incident waves upon the stress, the electric displacement and the magnetic flux intensity factors of the crack.展开更多
An extended displacement discontinuity method (EDDM) is proposed to analyze the stress wave propagation in jointed viscoelastic rock mass (VRM).The discontinuities in a rock mass are divided into two groups.The primar...An extended displacement discontinuity method (EDDM) is proposed to analyze the stress wave propagation in jointed viscoelastic rock mass (VRM).The discontinuities in a rock mass are divided into two groups.The primary group with an average geometrical size larger than or in the same order of magnitude of wavelength of a concerned stress wave is defined as 'macro-joints',while the secondary group with a high density and relatively small geometrical size compared to the wavelength is known as 'micro-defects'.The rock mass with micro-defects is modeled as an equivalent viscoelastic medium while the macro-joints in the rock mass are modeled explicitly as physical discontinuities.Viscoelastic properties of a micro-defected sedimentary rock are obtained by longitudinally impacting a cored long sedimentary rod with a pendulum.Wave propagation coefficient and dynamic viscoelastic modulus are measured.The EDDM is then successfully employed to analyze the wave propagation across macro-joint in VRM.The effect of the rock viscosity on the stress wave propagation is evaluated by comparing the results of VRM from the presented EDDM with those of an elastic rock mass (ERM) from the conventional displacement discontinuity method (CDDM).The CDDM is a special case of the EDDM under the condition that the rock viscosity is ignored.Comparison of the reflected and transmitted waves shows that the essential rock viscosity has a significant effect on stress wave attenuation.When a short propagation distance of a stress wave is considered,the results obtained from the CDDM approximate to the EDDM solutions,however,when the propagation distance is sufficiently long relative to the wavelength,the effect of rock viscosity on the stress wave propagation cannot be ignored.展开更多
Experimental and numerical simulations were undertaken to estimate the effects of imperfect conditions on stress waves in split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments. The photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) mea...Experimental and numerical simulations were undertaken to estimate the effects of imperfect conditions on stress waves in split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments. The photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) measurement results show that the rise and fall times of an incident wave increases with an increasing inclination angle; also, the fluctuations of the incident wave disappear gradually with the increase of inclination angle. The following characteristics for various defects in the SHPB were obtained by numerical simulation: (1) the influence of a curved bar was negligible; (2) misalignment modestly affects the fluctuation characteristics, and bending waves were generated at this condition; (3) inclination and indentation of the impact end- surface had a great impact on the incident waves, and both of them increase the rise time of the incident wave by increasing the degree of defects. In view of the results, misalignment, inclination, and indentation in SHPB experiments should be minimized.展开更多
A series of impact tests of sandwich samples were completed using a large-diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB)device at different velocities. The interlayer is made of foam concrete, loess or sand. The stress ...A series of impact tests of sandwich samples were completed using a large-diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB)device at different velocities. The interlayer is made of foam concrete, loess or sand. The stress peak value decay, energy decay and waveform dispersion characters are studied by comparing the incident waves with the transmission waves. The tests indicate that the foam concrete has the best capabilities of shock resistance and energy absorption, the loess comes second, and the sand takes third place.展开更多
In this study,the tomography of dynamic stress coefficient(TDSC)was established based on a mechanical model of stress wave propagation in bedding planes and a mathematical model of the stress wave attenuation in rock ...In this study,the tomography of dynamic stress coefficient(TDSC)was established based on a mechanical model of stress wave propagation in bedding planes and a mathematical model of the stress wave attenuation in rock masses.The reliability of the TDSC was verified by a linear bedding plane model and field monitoring.Generally,the TDSC in the dynamic stress propagation of bedding planes increases with the following conditions:(1)the increase of the normal stiffness of the bedding plane,(2)the increase of the incident angle of the stress wave,(3)the decrease of the incident frequency of the stress wave,or(4)the growth of three ratios(the ratios of rock densities,elastic moduli,and the Poisson’s ratios)of rocks on either side of bedding planes.The additional stress weakens TDSC linearly and slowly during the stress wave propagation in bedding planes,and the weakening effect increases with the growth of the three ratios.Besides,the TDSC decreases exponentially in the rock mass as propagation distance increases.In a field case,the TDSC decreases significantly as vertical and horizontal distances increase and its wave range increases as vertical distance increases in the sedimentary rock layers.展开更多
How the wave propagation analysis plays a key role in the studies of dynamic response of materials at high strain rates is analyzed. For the wave propagation technique, the followings are important: the loading and un...How the wave propagation analysis plays a key role in the studies of dynamic response of materials at high strain rates is analyzed. For the wave propagation technique, the followings are important: the loading and unloading constitutive relation presumed, the positions of the sensors embedded, the interactions between loading waves and unloading waves. For the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique, the assumption of one-dimensional stress wave propagation and the assumption of stress uniformity along the specimen should be satisfied. When the larger diameter bars are employed, the wave dispersion effects should be considered, including the high frequency oscillations, non-uniform stress distribution across the bar section, increase of rise time, and amplitude attenuation. The stress uniformity along the specimen is influenced by the reflection times in specimen, the wave impedance ratio of the specimen and the bar, and the waveform.展开更多
基金This researchwas supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52227805)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.2022JCCXLJ01).Awards were granted to the author Liyun Yang.
文摘Stress waves affect the stress field at the crack tip and dominate the dynamic crack propagation.Therefore,evaluating the influence of blasting stress waves on the crack propagation behavior and the mechanical characteristics of crack propagation is of great significance for engineering blasting.In this study,ANSYS/LS-DYNA was used for blasting numerical simulation,in which the propagation characteristics of blasting stress waves and stress field distribution at the crack tip were closely observed.Moreover,ABAQUS was applied for simulating the crack propagation path and calculating dynamic stress intensity factors(DSIFs).The universal function was calculated by the fractalmethod.The results show that:the compressive wave causes the crack to close and the reflected tensile wave drives the crack to initiate and propagate,and failure mode is mainly tensile failure.The crack propagation velocity varies with time,which increases at first and then decreases,and the crack arrest occurs due to the attenuation of stress waves and dissipation of the blasting energy.In addition,crack arrest toughness is smaller than the crack initiation toughness,applied pressure waveforms(such as the peak pressure,duration,waveforms,wavelengths and loading rates)have a great influence on DSIFs.It is conducive to our deep understanding or the study of blasting stress waves dominated fracture,suggesting a broad reference for the further development of rock blasting in engineering practice.
基金Youth Talent Project of Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Province Education Department(Grant No.LJKZ0270)Youth Project of Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Province Education Department(Grant No.LJKQZ2021055).
文摘In order to study the dynamic and electrical coupling response characteristics of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Controlled Thyristor(MCT)high-voltage switch under the synergic action of mechanical load and high voltage,the separated Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)test system was used to simulate different impact load environments,and combined with the multi-layer high-voltage ceramic capacitor charging and discharging system,the instantaneous electrical signals of MCT high-voltage switch were collected.Combined with numerical simulation and theoretical analysis,the failure mode and stress wave propagation characteristics of MCT high voltage switch were determined.The mechanical and electrical coupling response characteristics and failure mechanism of MCT high voltage switch under dynamic load were revealed from macroscopic and microscopic levels.The results show that the damage modes of MCT high-voltage switches can be divided into non-functional damage,recoverable functional damage,non-recoverable damage and structural damage.Due to the gap between the metal gate and the oxide layer,the insulating oxide layer was charged.After placing for a period of time,the elastic deformation of the metal gate partially recovered and the accumulated charge disappeared,which induced the recoverable functional damage failure of the device.In addition,obvious cracks appeared on both sides of the monocrystalline silicon inside the MCT high-voltage switch,leading to unrecoverable damage of the device.
文摘Several cardiac outcomes have been reported with West Nile-encephalitis;however, the underlying pathophysiology remains complex. We present a 42-year-old female, with multiple sclerosis, whose neurological symptoms and respiratory decline were finally explained by the diagnosis of West Nile-encephalitis. During her admission, the isolated peaked T-waves indicated the underlying stress-induced cardiomyopathy. The absence of all other causes of hyperacute T-waves, their subsequent resolution with the resolution of infection and improvement in wall motion abnormalities, further supported the association. This case highlights the importance of considering hyperacute T-waves in an approach towards the diagnosis of WNV-encephalitis related atypical variant of stress-induced cardiomyopathy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11972053,12274012)。
文摘Harmonic nonlinear ultrasound can offer high sensitivity for residual stress measurements;however,it cannot be used for local stress measurements at a point in space and exhibits nonlinear distortions in the experimental system.This paper presents a feasibility study on the measurement of residual stress in a metal plate using a nonlinear Lamb wave-mixing technique.The resonant conditions for two Lamb waves to generate a mixing frequency wave are obtained via theoretical analysis.Finite element simulations are performed to investigate the nonlinear interactions between the two Lamb waves.Results show that two incident A0 waves interact in regions of material nonlinearity and generate a rightward S0 wave at the sum frequency.Residual stress measurement experiments are conducted on steel plate specimens using the collinear Lamb wave-mixing technique.By setting different delays for two transmitters,the generated sum-frequency component at different spatial locations is measured.Experimental results show that the spatial distribution of the amplitude of the sum-frequency component agrees well with the spatial distribution of the residual stress measured using X-rays.The proposed collinear Lamb wave-mixing method is effective for measuring the distribution of residual stress in metal plates.
基金support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52177144)。
文摘High-voltage pulse discharge(HVPD)rock fragmentation controls a plasma channel forming inside the rock by adjusting the electrical parameters,electrode type,etc.In this work,an HVPD rock fragmentation test platform was built and the test waveforms were measured.Considering the effects of temperature,channel expansion and electromagnetic radiation,the impedance model of the plasma channel in the rock was established.The parameters and initial values of the model were determined by an iterative computational process.The model calculation results can reasonably characterize the development of the plasma channel in the rock and estimate the shock wave characteristics.Based on the plasma channel impedance model,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the radial stress and tangential stress in the rock were calculated,and the rock fragmentation effect of the HVPD was analyzed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2006226,51979257)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Nos.ZR2020ME261,ZR2019MEE032).
文摘The dynamic response of the steel lazy wave riser(SLWR)subjected to the internal solitary wave is a key to assessing its application feasibility.The innovation of this paper is to study the dynamic response properties of the SLWR with large deformation characteristics under internal wave excitation.A numerical scheme of the SLWR is constructed using the slender-rod theory,and the internal solitary wave(ISW)with a two-layer seawater model is simulated by the extended Korteweg-deVries equation.The finite element method combined with the Newmark-βmethod is applied to discretize the equations and update the time integration.The ISW excitation combined with vessel motion on the dynamic deformation and stress of the SLWR is investigated,and extensive simulations of the ISW parameters,including the interface depth ratio and density difference,are carried out.Case calculation reveals that the displacement of the riser in the lower interface layer increases significantly under the ISW excitation,and the stresses at a part of both ends grow evidently.Moreover,the mean value of riser responses under a combination of vessel motion and ISW coincides with the ISW-induced ones.Furthermore,the dynamic responses along the whole riser,including the displacement amplitudes,bending moment amplitudes,and stress amplitudes,almost increase with the increase in interface depth ratios and density differences.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31870537)Innovation Foundation for Doctoral Program of Forestry Engineering of Northeast Forestry University (Grant No.LYGC202115)National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2021YFD2201205)。
文摘Accurate decay detection and health assessment of trees at low temperatures is an important issue for forest management and ecology in cold areas.Low temperature ice formation on tree health assessment is unknown.Because electric resistance tomography and stress wave tomography are two widely used methods for the detection of tree decay,this study investigated the effect of ice content on trunk electrical resistance and stress wave velocity to improve tree health assessment accuracy.Moisture content,trunk electrical resistance and stress wave velocity using time domain reflectometry were carried out on Larix gmelinii and Populus simonii.Ice content is based on moisture content data.The ice content of both species showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing.This was opposite with ambient temperatures.With the decrease of temperatures,daily average ice content increased,but the range narrowed gradually and both electrical resistance and stress wave velocity increased.Both increased rapidly near 0℃,mainly caused by ice formation(phase change and freezing of free water)in live trees.In addition,both are positively correlated with ice content.The results suggest that ice content should be considered for improving the accuracy of tree decay detection and health evaluation using electric resistance tomography and stress wave velocity methods under low temperatures.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3204303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12202503,12132018,and 52394254)。
文摘As a typical nonlinear wave,forward-leaning waves can be frequently encountered in the near-shore areas,which can impact coastal sediment transport significantly.Hence,it is of significance to describe the characteristics of the boundary layer beneath forward-leaning waves accurately,especially for the turbulent boundary layer.In this work,the linearized turbulent boundary layer model with a linear turbulent viscosity coefficient is applied,and the novel expression of the near-bed orbital velocity that has been worked out by the authors for forward-leaning waves of arbitrary forward-leaning degrees is further used to specify the free stream boundary condition of the bottom boundary layer.Then,a variable transformation is found so as to make the equation of the turbulent boundary layer model be solved analytically through a modified Bessel function.Consequently,an explicit analytical solution of the turbulent boundary layer beneath forward-leaning waves is derived by means of variable separation and variable transformation.The analytical solutions of the velocity profile and bottom shear stress of the turbulent boundary layer beneath forward-leaning waves are verified by comparing the present analytical results with typical experimental data available in the previous literature.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(Grant No.RS-2023-00208844).
文摘Although the internal stress state of soils can be affected by repetitive loading,there are few studies evaluating the lateral stress(or K_(0))of soils under repetitive loading.This study investigates the changes in K_(0) and directional shear wave velocity(V_(s))in samples of two granular materials with different particle shapes during repetitive loading.A modified oedometer cell equipped with bender elements and a diaphragm transducer was developed to measure the variations in the lateral stress and the shear wave velocity,under repetitive loading on the loading and unloading paths.The study produced the following results:(1)Repetitive loading on the loading path resulted in an increase in the K_(0) of test samples as a function of cyclic loading number(i),and(2)Repetitive loading on the unloading path resulted in a decrease in K_(0) according to i.The shear wave velocity ratio(i.e.V_(s)(HH)/V_(s)(VH),where the first and second letters in parentheses corresponds to the directions of wave propagation and particle motion,respectively,and V and H corresponds to the vertical and horizontal directions,respectively)according to i supports the experimental observations of this study.However,when the tested material was in lightly over-consolidated state,there was an increase in K_(0) during repetitive loading,indicating that it was the initial K_(0),rather than the loading path,which is responsible for the change in K_(0).The power model can capture the variation in the K_(0) of samples according to i.Notably,the K_(0)=1 line acts as the boundary between the increase and decrease in K_(0) under repetitive loading.
文摘Objective:To explore the feasibility of two-dimensional shear wave elastography in evaluating calf skeletal muscle stiffness in diabetic nephropathy patients with medial tibial stress syndrome.Methods:A total of 48 diabetic nephropathy patients with medial tibial stress syndrome from January 2020 to December 2022 were included as the study group,and 48 patients with diabetic nephropathy during the same period were included as the control group.Both groups were detected by two-dimensional shear wave elastography with ultrasonic equipment,and Young‘s modulus of the tibialis anterior muscle,tibialis posterior muscle,and gastrocnemius muscle were observed and analyzed in the two groups.Results:The Young‘s modulus values of tibialis anterior muscle,tibialis posterior muscle,and gastrocnemius muscle in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Two-dimensional shear wave elastography is feasible for the evaluation of calf skeletal muscle stiffness in diabetic nephropathy patients with medial tibial stress syndrome,and has high accuracy and repeatability.This technique can be used to diagnose,treat and monitor muscle lesions in patients with diabetic nephropathy,and can also be used to assess muscle fatigue and exercise capacity,which has broad application prospects.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Using the complex variable method and conformal mapping,scat- tering of flexural waves and dynamic stress concentrations in Mindlin's thick plates with a cutout have been studied.The general solution of the stress problem of the thick plate satisfying the boundary conditions on the contour of cutouts is obtained. Applying the orthogonal function expansion technique,the dynamic stress problem can be reduced into the solution of a set of infinite algebraic equations.As examples, numerical results for the dynamic stress concentration factor in Mindlin's plates with a circular,elliptic cutout are graphically presented in sequence.
基金This paper was supported by the project "Devel-opment of Portable NDT Instrument (2002(39-1))" sponsored by Na-tional Forestry Administrative Bureau of China
文摘Wood nondestructive testing (NDT) is one of the high efficient methods in utilizing wood. This paper explained the principle of log defect testing by using stress wave, and analyzed the effects of sensor quantity on defect testing results by using stress wave in terms of image fitting degree and error rate. The results showed that for logs with diameter ranging from 20 to 40 cm, at least 12 sensors were needed to meet the requirement which ensure a high testing accuracy of roughly 90% of fitness with 0.1 of error rate. And 10 sensors were recommended to judge the possible locations of defects and 6 sensors were sufficient to decide whether there were defects or not.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10772087)K.C.Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong and K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University.
文摘We investigate analytically the effect of initial stress in piezoelectric layered structures loaded with viscous liquid on the dispersive and attenuated characteristics of Love waves, which involves a thin piezoelectric layer bonded perfectly to an unbounded elastic substrate. The effects of initial stress in the piezoelectric layer and the viscous coefficient of the liquid on the phase velocity of Love waves are analyzed. Numerical results are presented and discussed. The analytical method and the results can be useful for the design of chemical and biosensing liquid sensors.
基金financially supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2017M620620)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 2184108)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. FRF-TP-16-073A1)the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young (No. 41525009)the State Key Research Development Program of China (Nos. 2016YFC0600703 and 2017YFC0804609)
文摘Taking the joint matching coefficient(JMC) which represents the contact area ratio of the joint in rock masses as the key parameter, a one-dimensional contacted interface model(CIM-JMC) was established in this study to describe the wave propagation across a single joint. According to this model, the reflected and transmitted waves at the joint were obtained, and the energy coefficients of reflection and transmission were calculated. Compared with the modified Split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) experiment, it was validated by taking the incident wave of the SHPB test as the input condition in the CIM-JMC, and the reflected and transmitted waves across the joint were calculated by the model. The effects of four sets of JMCs(0.81, 0.64, 0.49, and 0.36) on the transmission and reflection of the stress wave propagation across the joint were analyzed and compared with the experimental results. It demonstrated that the values of CIM-JMC could represent both the transmission and reflection of the stress wave accurately when JMC > 0.5, but could relatively accurately represent the reflection rather than the transmission when JMC < 0.5. By contrasting energy coefficients of joints with different JMCs, it was revealed that energy dissipated sharply along the decrease of JMC when JMC > 0.5.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.90405016 and 10572044)the Special Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No.2004021334)
文摘In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a permeable crack in functionally graded piezoelectric/piezomagnetic materials is investigated. To make the analysis tractable, it is assumed that the material properties vary exponentially with the coordinate parallel to the crack. By using the Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with the help of a pair of dual integral equations in which the unknown is the jump of displacements across the crack surfaces. These equations are solved to obtain the relations between the electric filed, the magnetic flux field and the dynamic stress field near the crack tips using the Schmidt method. Numerical examples are provided to show the effect of the functionally graded parameter and the circular frequency of the incident waves upon the stress, the electric displacement and the magnetic flux intensity factors of the crack.
文摘An extended displacement discontinuity method (EDDM) is proposed to analyze the stress wave propagation in jointed viscoelastic rock mass (VRM).The discontinuities in a rock mass are divided into two groups.The primary group with an average geometrical size larger than or in the same order of magnitude of wavelength of a concerned stress wave is defined as 'macro-joints',while the secondary group with a high density and relatively small geometrical size compared to the wavelength is known as 'micro-defects'.The rock mass with micro-defects is modeled as an equivalent viscoelastic medium while the macro-joints in the rock mass are modeled explicitly as physical discontinuities.Viscoelastic properties of a micro-defected sedimentary rock are obtained by longitudinally impacting a cored long sedimentary rod with a pendulum.Wave propagation coefficient and dynamic viscoelastic modulus are measured.The EDDM is then successfully employed to analyze the wave propagation across macro-joint in VRM.The effect of the rock viscosity on the stress wave propagation is evaluated by comparing the results of VRM from the presented EDDM with those of an elastic rock mass (ERM) from the conventional displacement discontinuity method (CDDM).The CDDM is a special case of the EDDM under the condition that the rock viscosity is ignored.Comparison of the reflected and transmitted waves shows that the essential rock viscosity has a significant effect on stress wave attenuation.When a short propagation distance of a stress wave is considered,the results obtained from the CDDM approximate to the EDDM solutions,however,when the propagation distance is sufficiently long relative to the wavelength,the effect of rock viscosity on the stress wave propagation cannot be ignored.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11402277 and 11332011) for financial support
文摘Experimental and numerical simulations were undertaken to estimate the effects of imperfect conditions on stress waves in split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments. The photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) measurement results show that the rise and fall times of an incident wave increases with an increasing inclination angle; also, the fluctuations of the incident wave disappear gradually with the increase of inclination angle. The following characteristics for various defects in the SHPB were obtained by numerical simulation: (1) the influence of a curved bar was negligible; (2) misalignment modestly affects the fluctuation characteristics, and bending waves were generated at this condition; (3) inclination and indentation of the impact end- surface had a great impact on the incident waves, and both of them increase the rise time of the incident wave by increasing the degree of defects. In view of the results, misalignment, inclination, and indentation in SHPB experiments should be minimized.
文摘A series of impact tests of sandwich samples were completed using a large-diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB)device at different velocities. The interlayer is made of foam concrete, loess or sand. The stress peak value decay, energy decay and waveform dispersion characters are studied by comparing the incident waves with the transmission waves. The tests indicate that the foam concrete has the best capabilities of shock resistance and energy absorption, the loess comes second, and the sand takes third place.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51804099 and U1704129)the Focus Research and Special Development for Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(No.202102310542)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2018ZDPY02ZDPY02)the research fund of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining,CUMT(SKLCRSM19KF011).
文摘In this study,the tomography of dynamic stress coefficient(TDSC)was established based on a mechanical model of stress wave propagation in bedding planes and a mathematical model of the stress wave attenuation in rock masses.The reliability of the TDSC was verified by a linear bedding plane model and field monitoring.Generally,the TDSC in the dynamic stress propagation of bedding planes increases with the following conditions:(1)the increase of the normal stiffness of the bedding plane,(2)the increase of the incident angle of the stress wave,(3)the decrease of the incident frequency of the stress wave,or(4)the growth of three ratios(the ratios of rock densities,elastic moduli,and the Poisson’s ratios)of rocks on either side of bedding planes.The additional stress weakens TDSC linearly and slowly during the stress wave propagation in bedding planes,and the weakening effect increases with the growth of the three ratios.Besides,the TDSC decreases exponentially in the rock mass as propagation distance increases.In a field case,the TDSC decreases significantly as vertical and horizontal distances increase and its wave range increases as vertical distance increases in the sedimentary rock layers.
文摘How the wave propagation analysis plays a key role in the studies of dynamic response of materials at high strain rates is analyzed. For the wave propagation technique, the followings are important: the loading and unloading constitutive relation presumed, the positions of the sensors embedded, the interactions between loading waves and unloading waves. For the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique, the assumption of one-dimensional stress wave propagation and the assumption of stress uniformity along the specimen should be satisfied. When the larger diameter bars are employed, the wave dispersion effects should be considered, including the high frequency oscillations, non-uniform stress distribution across the bar section, increase of rise time, and amplitude attenuation. The stress uniformity along the specimen is influenced by the reflection times in specimen, the wave impedance ratio of the specimen and the bar, and the waveform.