Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of dental practitioners regarding the disposal of amalgam waste from dental practices and to assess the level of mercury released via dental amalgam waste into the environmen...Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of dental practitioners regarding the disposal of amalgam waste from dental practices and to assess the level of mercury released via dental amalgam waste into the environment in Trinidad and Tobago. Method: A questionnaire on dental wastewater discharge and amalgam waste disposal was administered to dental practitioners in Trinidad and Tobago. Levels of mercury in samples of wastewater and solid deposits obtained during removal of 160 amalgam fillings, were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The numbers of amalgam fillings placed and removed over a monthly period from a random sample of dental practices in Trinidad and Tobago were also obtained via the questionnaires. The amount of mercury entering the environment from dental practices was estimated from these data. Results: Twenty per cent responded to the questionnaire. Thirty per cent of respondents used elemental mercury (from a dispenser), while 74.4% used pre-capsulated mercury for preparing amalgam fillings. Seventy nine per cent used chair-side traps and filters but none had amalgam separators in their surgery. Methods used to dispose of amalgam waste included disposal in the trash (48.8%), washing down the sink (39.5%);and as hazardous waste (37.2%). A mean concentration of 0.0759 ppm (or mg/L) mercury was found in filtrate from the wastewater samples. A total concentration of 3.4 g mercury per dentist per day was found to be released into the environment via dental amalgam waste in Trinidad and Tobago. Conclusion: Best management practices for disposal of dental amalgam waste are not generally followed. At 3.4 gms per day per dentist, the level of mercury released via dental amalgam waste into the environment in Trinidad and Tobago may be too high. Dental practitioners require education on the management of dental amalgam waste and national legislation to protect the environment from this source of mercury may be required.展开更多
目的以Prime & Bond NT作黏结剂研究银汞合金黏结修复(bonded amalgam restorations,BAR)在充填治疗中的意义,探讨减少银汞合金充填体边缘微渗漏及增加充填体固位的有效方法。方法选择无龋的离体牙80颗,随机分为实验组(F组)和对照...目的以Prime & Bond NT作黏结剂研究银汞合金黏结修复(bonded amalgam restorations,BAR)在充填治疗中的意义,探讨减少银汞合金充填体边缘微渗漏及增加充填体固位的有效方法。方法选择无龋的离体牙80颗,随机分为实验组(F组)和对照组(C组),实验组在牙洞各壁先涂上Prime & Bond NT黏结剂,对照组常规用银汞合金充填。实验组和对照组各取其中一组(F2组、C2组)行负载温差循环试验和压力试验;再将标本置于压力机下施以垂直向和侧向压力,用扫描电镜测量各组充填体边缘和洞各壁间缝隙的宽度。结果经负载温差循环实验和加压后(F2组)银汞合金充填体边缘和洞壁间的缝隙宽度与未加压组(F1组)间无明显变化,且颊舌壁与髓壁差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。常规银汞合金充填组(C2组)经负载温差循环实验和加压后,充填体边缘和洞壁间的缝隙宽度比未加压组(C1组)增宽,且颊舌壁缝隙比髓壁增宽明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。特别是BAR加压组(F2组)与常规银汞合金充填加压组(C2组)相比较,充填体边缘和洞壁间的缝隙宽度明显增宽,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论银汞合金黏结修复,在口腔环境下承受最大咀嚼压力后,充填体边缘与窝洞各壁仍然保持紧密接触。使用Prime & Bond NT黏结剂行银汞合金黏结修复是减少充填体边缘微渗漏和增加充填体固位的有效方法。展开更多
文摘Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of dental practitioners regarding the disposal of amalgam waste from dental practices and to assess the level of mercury released via dental amalgam waste into the environment in Trinidad and Tobago. Method: A questionnaire on dental wastewater discharge and amalgam waste disposal was administered to dental practitioners in Trinidad and Tobago. Levels of mercury in samples of wastewater and solid deposits obtained during removal of 160 amalgam fillings, were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The numbers of amalgam fillings placed and removed over a monthly period from a random sample of dental practices in Trinidad and Tobago were also obtained via the questionnaires. The amount of mercury entering the environment from dental practices was estimated from these data. Results: Twenty per cent responded to the questionnaire. Thirty per cent of respondents used elemental mercury (from a dispenser), while 74.4% used pre-capsulated mercury for preparing amalgam fillings. Seventy nine per cent used chair-side traps and filters but none had amalgam separators in their surgery. Methods used to dispose of amalgam waste included disposal in the trash (48.8%), washing down the sink (39.5%);and as hazardous waste (37.2%). A mean concentration of 0.0759 ppm (or mg/L) mercury was found in filtrate from the wastewater samples. A total concentration of 3.4 g mercury per dentist per day was found to be released into the environment via dental amalgam waste in Trinidad and Tobago. Conclusion: Best management practices for disposal of dental amalgam waste are not generally followed. At 3.4 gms per day per dentist, the level of mercury released via dental amalgam waste into the environment in Trinidad and Tobago may be too high. Dental practitioners require education on the management of dental amalgam waste and national legislation to protect the environment from this source of mercury may be required.
文摘目的以Prime & Bond NT作黏结剂研究银汞合金黏结修复(bonded amalgam restorations,BAR)在充填治疗中的意义,探讨减少银汞合金充填体边缘微渗漏及增加充填体固位的有效方法。方法选择无龋的离体牙80颗,随机分为实验组(F组)和对照组(C组),实验组在牙洞各壁先涂上Prime & Bond NT黏结剂,对照组常规用银汞合金充填。实验组和对照组各取其中一组(F2组、C2组)行负载温差循环试验和压力试验;再将标本置于压力机下施以垂直向和侧向压力,用扫描电镜测量各组充填体边缘和洞各壁间缝隙的宽度。结果经负载温差循环实验和加压后(F2组)银汞合金充填体边缘和洞壁间的缝隙宽度与未加压组(F1组)间无明显变化,且颊舌壁与髓壁差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。常规银汞合金充填组(C2组)经负载温差循环实验和加压后,充填体边缘和洞壁间的缝隙宽度比未加压组(C1组)增宽,且颊舌壁缝隙比髓壁增宽明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。特别是BAR加压组(F2组)与常规银汞合金充填加压组(C2组)相比较,充填体边缘和洞壁间的缝隙宽度明显增宽,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论银汞合金黏结修复,在口腔环境下承受最大咀嚼压力后,充填体边缘与窝洞各壁仍然保持紧密接触。使用Prime & Bond NT黏结剂行银汞合金黏结修复是减少充填体边缘微渗漏和增加充填体固位的有效方法。