Sustainability analysis of SEEA indicators for non-renewable resources

Despite the fact that the non-renewable resources industry contributes greatly to regional and national gross domestic product(GDP),it casts massive negative impacts on the environment,which fails to be deducted from economic growth.Hence,sustainable development of non-renewable resources(extraction and processing)is playing an essential role in boosting economic growth continuously.The System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting(SEEA)proposed by the United Nations Statistics Division(UNSD)provides a brand-new perspective for sustainability study.This paper designs a fundamental approach of green accounting for non-renewable resources based on SEEA.Three main aspects of the accounting are extracted to explore the way of analysis for sustainability indicators,which are not touched upon by SEEA.Main analyses are as follows:(1)the analysis on the influence of the change of the discount rate in user cost(UC);(2)correlation analysis between environmental degradation and pollutants emission intensity;(3)analysis of the accounting results of green GDP and green GCF(gross capital formation).Then taking petroleum resources in Shandong Province as an example,this paper will calculate and analyze green data based on the accounting and analytical approaches discussed above.However,sustainability indicators studied in the paper are just associated with past economic activities,while investigation into the factors of the change of sustainability indicators is the one most critical point in relevant policymaking.

The depletion of coastal environmental resources by human activities and its monetary evaluation

The marine environment provides rich and varied resources and services or functions for human’s produc-tion and life. Many countries have competitively exploited and utilized sea and ocean to develop marine economy for someyears. The over-exploitation of marine environment and the overuse of marine resources have led to resource degradation,environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction. Considering the depletion of coastal environmental resources dur-ing planning, governing and decision-making is an important measure to promote the harmonious and sustainabledevelopment of coastal environmental resources and social economy, the main precondition of which is that the depletionof coastal environmental resources by human activities has been monetarily evaluated. Firstly, this paper summarizesrelevant references in this field and analyzes different sorts of depletion of coastal environmental resources caused byhuman activities and the necessity and importance of the monetary evaluation. Finally, this paper extensively discussesthe corresponding evaluation models of the depletion of marine mineral resources, marine organism resources, mari-time transport resources, intertidal zones and shallow seas, and marine environmental functions and services includingenvironmental capacity, gas regulation, disturbance prevention, recreation and biodiversity.

Plant-to-plant direct competition for belowground resource in an overlapping depletion zone

In response to limited availability of soil resources in basal root zone, plant extends its roots into nearby resource-rich zones to fulfill essential resource demands for survival and reproduction. This root proliferation into that enriched zones occupied by other plants constitutes interplant overlapping rooting zones and thereby the overlapping depletion zones, causing reduction in resource uptake by neighboring plants. By incorporating this mechanism into the classic resource competition model, we study interplant direct competition through their rooting system in an overlapping depletion zone. The model results indicate an extension of Tilman’s R* rule that has already been proved true when plants compete indirectly through their effect on shared resources. The results reveal that plant’s direct competitive ability (i.e., the ability to occupy an overlapping depletion zone by excluding others) can be characterized by its R*-value, where a best competitor having lowest R*-value excludes others from an overlapping zone and occupies the zone by depleting the resource level to the lowest as in its non-overlapping depletion zone. By analyzing the model, we find a suite of traits that confers R* variation among directly competing plants. This suite of traits would be a useful proxy measure for R* that do not necessarily require to establish equilibrium field monoculture—a requirement for R* measurement in the field.

Theory and practice of value management and its innovation for natural resources from the perspective of sustainable development

The supreme obstacle for sustainable development of natural resources is the scarecity, bottleneck. So how to promote the sustainable utilizing and increase the using efficiency of natural resources is worth studying. This paper suggests that we should improve the model and means of evaluating method and value management based on th~ theory of natural resource compensation. This paper discusses the User Cost Method based on the microeeonomicaspect which can change the evaluating method for natural resources. From the perspective of value managemen model, we should use the User Cost Method to realize the linkage and integration of micro and macro eompensation for natural resources. Based on the evaluating and aecounting idea User Cost Method, this paper presents a theo. retical framework to harmonize and link micro and macro compensation for natural resources. At present, we should seek the new approach and method to manage natural resources, so can we realize the capitalization managemen focusing on the vahte management for natural resources.

Resources—Towards Sustainable Use

A resource is any physical or virtual entity of limited availability used to earn good life.Resources are divided into natural and human resources.Natural resources are derived from the environment and are classified on the basis of origin,including biotic resources like forests,animals and their products, marine organisms and minerals.Abiotic resources

Saving Resources for Future Demands-The Role of Instruction,Cognitive Load and Metacognition

Two studies test the hypothesis of conserving resources while performing depleting physical tasks and the modifying role of metacognitive self(MCS).A total of 216 undergraduate students performed two types of physical tasks(a body support on forearms―the first experiment;and a cold water test―the second experiment)in anticipation vs.no anticipation of the future task conditions.Among individuals with high-MCS much weaker persistence could be observed than among those with low-MCS.These results support theories of adaptive goal disengagement suggesting that how individuals apply their resources may stem from other reasons than ego depletion.

A conceptual framework for characterizing mineralized waste rocks as future resource

Conventional mining practices do not extract all mineralized rocks due to prevailing economics.Improvement in mineral prices and processing recovery(technology)could potentially make mineralized waste rocks profitable.A well-integrated mining strategy that focuses on both economic and physical resource depletion is vital to the management of non-renewable mineral resources.In this paper,a conceptual framework that maximizes the benefits of mining and processing mineralized waste rocks as future resource is proposed.Governmental policy and technical reforms that ensure mining companies incorporate the proposed mineralized waste rocks management framework in their long-term strategic mine plans have been recommended.

中国油田地热开发利用现状与发展方向

基于中国地热发展现状、地热资源赋存和分布特点、不同地热开发方式对比,分析了油田地热资源开发利用潜力,并探讨了中国地热产业,尤其是油田地热未来的发展方向。研究结果表明:(1)中国的地热资源较为丰富,以中低温地热资源为主。浅层地热资源分布全国;中低温地热资源分布于沉积盆地、东南沿海和隆起山区,在不同深度形成了大面积分布的含地热水的热储层,为水热型地热资源;高温地热资源集中分布在西藏南部、四川西部、云南西部和台湾地区。中国浅层地热能资源(浅于200 m)年可开采量折合7×10^(8)t标准煤。(2)由于浅层地热能开发利用的环境与效率问题、深井直接换热的效率问题,以及干热岩开发利用的技术瓶颈问题,中深层水热型地热资源将是当今中国地热资源开发利用最主要和最现实的领域。(3)油田地热开发中形成了地热资源勘查与评价、砂岩地层回灌、废弃井改造为地热井、高温钻完井等一批关键技术,均在大型地热开发项目中得到成功应用。油田拥有丰富的采出水资源,可以直接利用,大量的废弃井或低效油井可以通过工艺改造为地热井进行地热资源开发,从而降低地热开发成本,提高地热项目的经济性。(4)油田地热除用于油田生产用能替代和清洁供暖外,中低温地热发电、氦气等伴生资源的开发、废弃油气藏储热和CO_(2)封存等领域的发展潜力巨大,地热综合开发利用是油田地热未来发展的主要方向。

Characterization and normalization factors of abiotic resource depletion for life cycle impact assessment in China

The availability of resources for economic activities differs between regions, and the importance of the resources is consequently observed to be different within regions compared to a global scale. With the current situation in Chinese mining industry and its statistic characteristics, the characterization procedures of abiotic resource in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) have demonstrated certain limita-tions in the Chinese materials industry. The aim of this paper is to propose new characterization and normalization factors for abiotic resource depletion categories such as metals and non-renewable en- ergy resources in a Chinese context. The actual production of abiotic resources calculated by a modi- fied model is compared to the reserve base in line with the new national standard to determine char- acterization factors in equivalence units, with antimony as the reference mineral. The normalization factors are based on the total base reserves of the most important minerals in China. A case study on primary magnesium production using the Pidgeon process is used to compare LCIA results for abiotic resource categories that are between current LCIA factors and the new Chinese factors. These factors not only reflect the importance of abiotic resource with respect to region-specific resource depletion, but also can compare with the global factors.

磷酸铁锂电池生命周期资源耗竭特征化研究

磷酸铁锂(LFP)电池产量在我国处于领先地位,伴随着其产量的增加,资源耗竭潜力日渐增大,有必要对LFP电池的资源消耗强度进行评估。目前生命周期评价影响评价过程中有众多资源耗竭特征化方法。在本研究中,选取非生物资源耗竭潜值(ADP)、人为储量扩展的非生物资源耗竭潜值(AADP)、盈余矿石潜力(SOP)、热力学稀有度(TheRy)和累计㶲需求(CExD)五种方法评价LFP电池的资源消耗情况。结果表明:LFP电池生产过程的ADP值为2.29E-01 kg Sb eq,其中BMS制备过程的贡献最高,占85.24%,金为主要贡献资源;AADP值为2.38E-03 kg Sb eq,电池正极制备过程的贡献最高,占50.75%,镉为主要贡献资源;SOP值为1.26E+01 kg Cu eq,电池负极制备过程和正极制备过程的贡献均较高,分别占48.53%和44.82%,锂和石墨为主要贡献资源;TheRy值为3.18E+03 MJ,电池正极制备过程的贡献最高,占55.40%,铝和锂为主要贡献资源;CExD值为2.91E+02 MJ,电池负极制备过程的贡献最高,占56.19%,铜为主要贡献资源。

绿色建造下预拌混凝土原材料市场发展趋势

面对泵送混凝土的传统原材料资源枯竭、生产过程能耗大、碳排放高、污染严重等情况以及中国土木工程行业实施绿色建造的大趋势,各种新的原材料逐渐被开发和推广,其质量、产量、社会认可度逐渐提高。优质天然河砂和卵石在原产地供不应求,而老旧淤塞河道中尚可开采;使用大粒径天然卵石、石灰石、建筑垃圾等为原料生产的碎石和机制砂将成为新的替代品。水泥、粉煤灰、粒化高炉矿渣粉等原材料在生产企业进行转型升级并倾向于在交通便利地区集中建厂的过程中,导致平原、丘陵、山地等区域间供应不均衡的问题,因此,需根据施工所在地的供料情况,采取就地取材的策略。聚羧酸型缓凝高效减水剂以其高效、经济、相容性高、施工方便等优点已普及市场,还需进一步提升与机制砂等材料的适应性;而钙系和镁系膨胀剂对混凝土的补偿收缩需确保与混凝土收缩同步以控制收缩裂缝并避免结构胀裂。配制泵送混凝土需站在建筑全寿命周期的高度考察和改进各种原材料的性能并充分发挥原材料之间的组合效应。

基于化学分析的钢铁生产生命周期资源效率研究

随着我国经济的飞速发展,资源的快速消耗带来了严重的环境污染和资源耗竭问题。因此,如何合理配置自然资源,实现资源开发利用社会效益和经济效益的最大化,是可持续发展进程中所要考虑的重要问题。本研究针对钢铁产品生产过程中产生的资源耗竭问题,基于材料的资源消耗清单及方法数据,运用材料流程资源耗竭㶲表征模型,对钢铁产品生命周期内的累计㶲贡献及流程资源效率进行分析。

基于自我损耗理论的勃起功能障碍患者挫败感成因的质性研究

目的分析勃起功能障碍患者挫败感的成因,为制订个性化心理干预方案提供依据。方法在自我损耗理论的指导下拟定访谈提纲,采用描述性质性研究方法对20例挫败感明显的勃起功能障碍患者进行半结构式深度访谈,采用内容分析法对收集的资料进行提炼、归纳分析。结果共提炼出3个主题,11个亚主题,即心理资源消耗过度(疾病症状困扰,负性生活事件,疾病诊疗获益感较弱,生殖健康知识缺乏),心理资源补偿不足(情感支持匮乏,不规律的性生活,外界错误信息干扰,经济压力),心理资源调节弱化(自我认知偏差,思维抑制,安全感缺乏)。结论多种因素造成勃起功能障碍患者心理资源消耗,当心理资源损耗过度或调节和补偿不足时,可能会导致患者产生消极思维。需要根据患者心理资源损耗情况采取针对性干预措施,以降低勃起功能障碍患者的挫败感。

威权领导对90后员工自我损耗、离职意向的影响

基于自我损耗理论与资源保存理论,以河南两家网络科技公司的90后员工为样本,收集到287份有效数据,实证分析了威权领导风格对90后员工自我损耗、离职意向的影响。结果表明:威权领导对员工自我损耗产生显著正向影响,自我损耗对90后员工离职意向产生显著正向影响,威权领导对90后员工离职意向产生显著正向影响。未来应注重转变管理方式和减轻员工自我损耗,以达到降低员工离职意向的目的。

精明收缩理论视角下的资源枯竭型城市街区规划更新设计——以山东省济南市钢城区为例

随着经济发展,资源型城市在成熟期之后进入衰败期,人口的大量流失与原有土地利用率低,导致城市在衰退道路上更进一步。文章以济南市钢城区为例,总结了资源枯竭型城市的问题。借助精明收缩理论,探讨其与城市规划更新的结合,并使用改良Malthus人口模型和人口统计数据进行济南市钢城区人口收缩验证,依据钢城区现有城市规划蓝图,提出开放街区、弹性控制用地、闲置用地开发、土地功能混合四个方面的可持续规划建议。

资源枯竭型城市制造业高质量发展研究——以安徽省铜陵市为例

铜陵市作为资源枯竭型城市,要突破对资源性产业的路径依赖,化解资源枯竭带来的困境,实现制造业高质量发展。在分析铜陵“优势和劣势、机遇和挑战”的基础上,积极探索符合本地实际、具有铜陵特色的产业转型升级的模式。这一模式的主要路径和着力点有4个方面:增强矿产资源的保障能力,强化节能降耗增效的力度,加快发展战略性新兴产业和着力推动开放式技术创新。

好人可能做出坏行为的心理学解释--基于自我控制资源损耗的研究证据

一些平常表现很好的个体为什么会在一些特定场合做出坏行为?本研究旨在检验自我控制资源对人行为的影响。实验1使用stroop任务产生自我损耗来操纵被试的自我控制水平,观察独裁者任务中的好行为(利他行为)是否受自我损耗的影响。结果表明,与无自我损耗组被试相比,自我损耗组被试表现出更少的好行为,并且明显地低于公平水平而趋向利己(坏行为)。实验2比较了自我损耗个体的公平准则启动、利己启动和无启动三种条件,观察独裁者任务中的好行为(利他行为)是否受不同启动类型的影响。实验结果发现,同样处于自我损耗状态的被试,被启动公平准则的被试与无启动和利己启动的被试相比,前者在独裁者任务中表现出更少的坏行为,表明公平启动会减少自我损耗个体的坏行为。

水资源耗减成本计算方法

针对资源环境经济评价中存在的资源耗减成本难以估价的问题,基于水资源环境经济核算研究,从水资源的商品流通性出发,提出以影子价格评价水资源价值的思路。分析了水资源耗减的基本概念,并以水资源耗减量计算为基础,提出了水资源耗减成本计算方法。最后对全国以及一级流域进行了估算和分析,结果表明:2005年我国水资源耗减成本达到了1647亿元,占总GDP的0.91%;在各一级流域中,海河流域水资源耗减成本最高,达到了768.6亿元,约占其GDP的2.92%,这客观反映出海河流域水资源短缺问题。水资源耗减成本方法可以完善综合环境经济核算中价值量核算的研究。

助人一定为乐吗?知识型员工帮助行为对工作场所偏离的影响机制研究

在工作场所中,获得他人知识、技能和人际等方面的帮助是实现创新的重要途径。现有关于帮助行为的研究强调帮助他人能够提高施助者的社会地位和情感体验,忽视了帮助行为可能对施助者带来的消极作用。本研究从自我损耗理论视角出发,建立一个被调节的中介模型,考察帮助行为与施助者工作场所偏离的关系,重点分析了自控资源损耗的中介作用以及团队成员交换如何改善施助者资源损耗的过程。对来自64个团队313名员工的多时点追踪上下级配对数据的分析显示,员工助人行为会引起施助者的工作场所偏离,而施助者的自控资源损耗中介了该过程;团队成员交换在帮助行为的消极作用结果中起到了调节作用,即低质量的团队成员交换关系增强了帮助行为对自控资源损耗的影响,且自控资源损耗的中介作用更为显著;而当团队成员交换表现为高质量时,帮助行为对自控资源损耗的影响和自控资源损耗的中介作用均不显著。最后,讨论了贡献和局限,并提出了未来研究方向。

自我控制与自我控制资源

自我控制是人适应社会的重要功能,近十年来,心理学家主要围绕有限自制力理论展开其研究。事实上,用于自我控制的资源十分有限,在它严重被消耗时会引发个体的自我衰竭,这将对个体的情绪、认知及行为等方面都造成不良的影响。个体的情绪调节、思想抑制和分心控制等行为都可能导致其处于自我衰竭的状态,但通过睡眠、放松或积极情绪诱导等方式则可有效促进自我控制资源的恢复。未来的研究需进一步明确自我衰竭的心理与生理机制,并深入挖掘自我衰竭与其它影响自控行为的因素之间的内在关联。