Sequence stratigraphical analysis was applied to the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian sedimentary succession of the northeastern Ordos Basin, north China based on data acquired from ten entire logging curves and eigh...Sequence stratigraphical analysis was applied to the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian sedimentary succession of the northeastern Ordos Basin, north China based on data acquired from ten entire logging curves and eight outcrops. The facies framework of the lithostratigraphical unit, the Taiyuan Formation comprises seven facies in two facies associations, varying from fluvio-delta to shelf-barrier islands. The facies are presented within a chronostratigraphical framework, linked by systems tract, which in turn are limited by flooding surfaces and sequence boundaries. Six third-order depositional sequences are recognised, bounded by six type 2 unconformities. An upwards-shallowing epicontinental sea sedimentary model is created, which consists of a sandstone, coal seam and carbonate succession.展开更多
The eastern Tarim Basin(Tadong Area)has gained wide attentions on large-scale marine carbonate reservoirs in Cambrian-Ordovician due to significant hydrocarbon discoveries.A systematic analysis combining thin sections...The eastern Tarim Basin(Tadong Area)has gained wide attentions on large-scale marine carbonate reservoirs in Cambrian-Ordovician due to significant hydrocarbon discoveries.A systematic analysis combining thin sections,cores,wireline logs,and seismic data is conducted on Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate platform in the whole eastern Tarim Basin,including Gucheng area,Majiaer area,and western Luobopo rise(Luoxi area).The results show that 8 sub-facies and more than 10 microfacies are developed including open platform,restricted/semi-restricted platform,reef-shoal around platform margin,drowned platform,foreslope,neritic platform,and deep-water basin.As both key areas for hosting petroleum reserves during the Cambrian and Ordovician,the Luoxi area is dominated by deep-water basin facies,while the Gucheng area is dominated by neritic platform facies and deep-water basin facies during the Lower Cambrian.The deposition evolution during the whole Cambrian is dominated by slope facies and deep-water facies,platform margin facies,and platform facies.In contrast,it is dominated by open platform facies during the whole Ordovician.The depositional evolution of carbonate platform is mainly controlled by paleo-geomorphology and sea-level changes.The distribution of paleo-geomorphologic units plays an important role in controlling types and distributions of carbonate platform facies.The transgression assists in growth of reef-shoal complex and lime mud mound in the Early Ordovician.However,with neritic platform and slope being to disappeared,in the Middle Ordovician,platform margin facies are well developed in Gucheng Area.Platform facies and deepwater basin facies are widely distributed.Finally,carbonate platform is drowned due to sea level rising in the Late Ordovician.The depositional evolution of carbonate platform coinciding falling and rising of sea-level changes can be beneficial for appropriate carbonate reservoirs identification and petroleum exploration.展开更多
We have studied the evolution of the tectonic lithofacies paleogeography of Paleocene- Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by compiling data regarding the type, tectonic setting, and ...We have studied the evolution of the tectonic lithofacies paleogeography of Paleocene- Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by compiling data regarding the type, tectonic setting, and iithostratigraphic sequence of 98 remnant basins in the plateau area. Our results can be summarized as follows. (1) The Paleocene to Eocene is characterized by uplift and erosion in the Songpan-Garze and Gangdise belts, depression (lakes and pluvial plains) in eastern Tarim, Qaidam, Qiangtang, and Hoh Xil, and the Neo-Tethys Sea in the western and southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. (2) The Oligocene is characterized by uplift in the Gangdise--Himalaya and Karakorum regions (marked by the absence of sedimentation), fluvial transport (originating eastward and flowing westward) in the Brahmaputra region (marked by the deposition of Dazhuka conglomerate), uplift and erosion in western Kunlun and Songpan-Garze, and depression (lakes) in the Tarim, Qaidam, Qiangtang, and Hoh Xil. The Oligocene is further characterized by depressional littoral and neritic basins in southwestern Tarim, with marine facies deposition ceasing at the end of the Oligocene. (3) For the Miocene, a widespread regional unconformity (ca. 23 Ma) in and adjacent to the plateau indicates comprehensive uplift of the plateau. This period is characterized by depressions (lakes) in the Tarim, Qaidam, Xining-Nanzhou, Qiangtang, and Hoh Xil. Lacustrine facies deposition expanded to peak in and adjacent to the plateau ca. 18-13 Ma, and north-south fault basins formed in southern Tibet ca. 13-10 Ma. All of these features indicate that the plateau uplifted to its peak and began to collapse. (4) Uplift and erosion occurred during the Pliocene in most parts of the plateau, except in the Hoh Xil-Qiangtang, Tarim, and Qaidam. The continuous uplift and intensive taphrogeny in the plateau divided the original large basin into small basins, deposition of lacustrine facies decreased considerably, and boulderstone accumulated, indicating a response to the overall uplift of the plateau. Here, we discuss the evolution of tectonic lithofacies paleogeography in Cenozoic and its response to the tectonic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in relation to the above characteristics. We have recognized five major uplift events, which occurred during 58-53 Ma, 45-30 Ma, 25-20 Ma, 13-7 Ma, and since 5 Ma. The results presented here indicate that the paleogeomorphic configurations of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau turned over during the late Miocene, with high elevations in the east during the pre-Miocene switching to high contours in the west at the end of Miocene.展开更多
The main petroliferous basins in eastern China are Cenozoic fault basins, most of which have experienced two-stage tectonic evolution, i.e., rifting subsidence in the Paleogene and post-rifting thermal subsidence in t...The main petroliferous basins in eastern China are Cenozoic fault basins, most of which have experienced two-stage tectonic evolution, i.e., rifting subsidence in the Paleogene and post-rifting thermal subsidence in the Neogene-Quaternary. The episodic tectonic evolution and syndepositional faulting had significant influence on the fault basins in terms of accommodation space, deposition rate, and depositional facies zones. In this study, the tectonic deformation characteristics and the tectonic-depositional evolution of the Western Sag of the Cenozoic Liaohe Depression were investigated by comprehensive analysis of the available geological and geophysical data using the modern theory of tectonic geology and the balanced section technique. The tectonic deformation of the Cenozoic fault basin was characterized by superimposed faults and depression. In addition, there existed relatively independent but still related extensional tectonic systems and strike-slip tectonic systems. The tectonic evolution of the fault basin involved five stages, i.e., initial rifting stage (E2s4), intense faulting stage (E2s3), fault-depression transition stage (E3sl2), differential uplifting stage (E3d), and depression stage (N-Q). According to the characteristics of tectonic development and evolution of the Western Sag, the depositional evolution in the Cenozoic fault basin was divided into two stages, i.e., multi-episodic rifting filling in the Paleogene and post-rifting filling in the Neogene-Quaternary. The former rifting stage was further subdivided into four episodes with different characteristics of depositional development. The episodic faulting controlled the filling process and filling pattern of the Cenozoic Western Sag as well as the development and spatial distribution of associated depositional systems, whereas the syndepositional faults that developed in multiple stages in various tectonic positions controlled the development of depositional systems and sand bodies in the Western Sag. That is, the fault terraces on steep slopes controlled the development of sand bodies, the fault terraces on gentle slopes controlled the development of low-stand fan bodies, and the fault terraces or fault troughs in the central basin controlled the development of fluxoturbidite bodies.展开更多
The Hefei Basin is the largest basin in the North China landmass with complete and well-preserved Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata. In the basin there developed a suite of extremely thick "red beds" in the Mesozoic. Owi...The Hefei Basin is the largest basin in the North China landmass with complete and well-preserved Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata. In the basin there developed a suite of extremely thick "red beds" in the Mesozoic. Owing to complex evolution processes and a lack of paleontological traces, there have been controversies regarding the division and correlation of this suite of red beds. Based on results obtained in recent years in drilling, seismic and surface geological investigations and in consideration of relationships between seismic sequences and regional tectonic events, as well as evidence in paleontology, petrology and isotopic dating, this paper preliminarily puts forward the following ideas about the sequence stratigraphic framework of the continental "red beds" in the Hefei Basin. (1) The Zhougongshan Formation and the Yuantongshan Formation have similar lithologic, geophysical and paleontological characteristics, so we incorporate them into a single formation, called the Yuantongshan Formation, and the original Zhougongshan and Yuantongshan Formations are regarded as the upper and the lower parts of the newly defined Yuantongshan Formation. Its age is the Middle Jurassic; (2) the Zhuxiang Formation belongs to the Upper Jurassic Series and (3) the age of the Xiangdaopu Formation is the Lower Cretaceous. Furthermore, signatures of depositional evolution are analyzed in the paper based on features of seismic reflection, outcrops and drilling data. The Early and Middle Jurassic is characterized by a foreland basin, which is influenced mainly by uplift and longitudinal compression of the Dabieshan Mountains; the Lower Jurassic System has a relatively small depositional area; the Middle Jurassic strata are distributed extensively over the whole basin, marking the summit of basin development; a flexure basin is characteristic of the Late Jurassic, manifesting a joint effect of the Dabieshan and Zhangbaling Mountains with the former being more significant. In the Early Cretaceous, the Xiangdaopu Formation was distributed in the Daqiao depression, evidently affected by extension of the Tanlu fault; in the Late Cretaceous, the Hefei Basin was subjected to dismembering and the Zhangqiao Formation was distributed in the east-west direction along the downthrown side of the fault.展开更多
Geologists agree that the collision of the Indian and Asian plates caused uplift of the Tibet Plateau. However, controversy still exists regarding the modes and mechanisms of the Tibetan Plateau uplift. Geology has re...Geologists agree that the collision of the Indian and Asian plates caused uplift of the Tibet Plateau. However, controversy still exists regarding the modes and mechanisms of the Tibetan Plateau uplift. Geology has recorded this uplift well in the Qaidam Basin. This paper analyzes the tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the western Qaidam Basin using sub-surface seismic and drill data. The Cenozoic intensity and history of deformation in the Qaidam Basin have been reconstructed based on the tectonic developments, faults growth index, sedimentary facies variations, and the migration of the depositional depressions. The changes in the sedimentary facies show that lakes in the western Qaidam Basin had gone from inflow to still water deposition to withdrawal. Tectonic movements controlled deposition in various depressions, and the depressions gradually shifted southeastward. In addition, the morphology of the surface structures in the western Qaidam Basin shows that the Cenozoic tectonic movements controlled the evolution of the Basin and divided it into (a) the southern fault terrace zone, (b) a central Yingxiongling orogenic belt, and (c) the northern fold-thrust belt; divided by the XI fault (Youshi fault) and Youbei fault, respectively. The field data indicate that the western Qaidam Basin formed in a Cenozoic compressive tectonic environment caused by the India--Asia plate collision. Further, the Basin experienced two phases of intensive tectonic deformation. The first phase occurred during the Middle Eocene--Early Miocene (Xia Ganchaigou Fm. and Shang Ganchaigou Fro., 43.8- 22 Ma), and peaked in the Early Oligocene (Upper Xia Ganchaigou Fro., 31.5 Ma). The second phase occurred between the Middle Miocene and the Present (Shang Youshashan Fro. and Qigequan Fro., 14.9-0 Ma), and was stronger than the first phase. The tectonic--sedimentary evolution and the orienta- tion of surface structures in the western Qaidam Basin resulted from the Tibetan Plateau uplift, and recorded the periodic northward growth of the Plateau. Recognizing this early tectonic--sedimentary evolution supports the previous conclusion that northern Tibet responded to the collision between India and Asia shortly after its initiation. However, the current results reveal that northern Tibet also experi- enced another phase of uplift during the late Neogene. The effects of these two stages of tectonic activity combined to produce the current Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
The Bangong Lake-Nujiang River metallogenic belt is located between the Qiangtang Block and Lhasa Block, and the Duolong ore concentration area is located in the western section of the Bangong Lake-Nujiang River metal...The Bangong Lake-Nujiang River metallogenic belt is located between the Qiangtang Block and Lhasa Block, and the Duolong ore concentration area is located in the western section of the Bangong Lake-Nujiang River metallogenic belt. Till now, several large and super large copper-gold deposits, such as Duobuza, Bolong, Dibaonamugang, Naruo and Rongna deposits have been discovered in this area, mainly porphyry copper-gold ones.展开更多
China is in severe shortage of potash reserves,and the best way for breakthrough is to make potash exploration in marine salt basins.Erdos basin is so far the only Ordovician potash basin in the world.The Erdos basin ...China is in severe shortage of potash reserves,and the best way for breakthrough is to make potash exploration in marine salt basins.Erdos basin is so far the only Ordovician potash basin in the world.The Erdos basin is located west展开更多
RuO2 nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs) functionalized with oxygen(OCNTs) and nitrogen(NCNTs) were employed for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) in 0.1 M KOH.The catalysts were sy...RuO2 nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs) functionalized with oxygen(OCNTs) and nitrogen(NCNTs) were employed for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) in 0.1 M KOH.The catalysts were synthesized by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition using ruthenium carbonyl(Ru3(CO)(12)) as Ru precursor. The obtained RuO2/OCNT and RuO2/NCNT composites were characterized using TEM, H2-TPR, XRD and XPS in order probe structure–activity correlations, particularly, the effect of the different surface functional groups on the electrochemical OER performance. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of the catalysts with mean RuO2 particle sizes of 13–14 nm was evaluated by linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and chronopotentiometry, showing that the generation of nitrogen-containing functional groups on CNTs was beneficial for both OER activity and stability. In the presence of RuO2, carbon corrosion was found to be significantly less severe.展开更多
Lake Qinghai is located in the northeastern margin of qinghai-tibet plateau.It’s very sensitive to climate change.Through the research of modern sedimentary environmental change in Lake Qinghai,We expect to gain the ...Lake Qinghai is located in the northeastern margin of qinghai-tibet plateau.It’s very sensitive to climate change.Through the research of modern sedimentary environmental change in Lake Qinghai,We expect to gain the information about its response to global environmental change.Our study collected three sedimentary columns of Lake Qinghai in the northwestern,Column samples’length展开更多
Controlled synthesis of structurally anisotropic rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) with macroscopically uniform and strictly monolayer thickness as well as tunable domain shape/size is of great interest for electronics-, o...Controlled synthesis of structurally anisotropic rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) with macroscopically uniform and strictly monolayer thickness as well as tunable domain shape/size is of great interest for electronics-, optoelectronics-, and electrocatalysis-related applications. Herein, we describe the controlled synthesis of uniform monolayer ReSe2 flakes with variable morphology (sunflower- or truncated-triangle-shaped) on SiO2/Si substrates using different ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) setups. The prepared polycrystalline ReSe2 flakes were transferred intact onto Au foil electrodes and tested for activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Interestingly, compared to the compact truncated-triangle-shaped ReSe2 flakes, their edge-abundant sunflower-shaped counterparts exhibited superior electrocatalytic HER activity, featuring a relatively low Tafel slope of - 76 mV/dec and an exchange current density of 10.5 μA/cm2. Thus, our work demonstrates that CVD-grown ReSe2 is a promising two- dimensional anisotropic material for applications in the electrocatalytic HER.展开更多
基金supported by the National Major Fundamental Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2003CB214600)the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(Grant No. 90814005)
文摘Sequence stratigraphical analysis was applied to the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian sedimentary succession of the northeastern Ordos Basin, north China based on data acquired from ten entire logging curves and eight outcrops. The facies framework of the lithostratigraphical unit, the Taiyuan Formation comprises seven facies in two facies associations, varying from fluvio-delta to shelf-barrier islands. The facies are presented within a chronostratigraphical framework, linked by systems tract, which in turn are limited by flooding surfaces and sequence boundaries. Six third-order depositional sequences are recognised, bounded by six type 2 unconformities. An upwards-shallowing epicontinental sea sedimentary model is created, which consists of a sandstone, coal seam and carbonate succession.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U19B6003-01-01).
文摘The eastern Tarim Basin(Tadong Area)has gained wide attentions on large-scale marine carbonate reservoirs in Cambrian-Ordovician due to significant hydrocarbon discoveries.A systematic analysis combining thin sections,cores,wireline logs,and seismic data is conducted on Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate platform in the whole eastern Tarim Basin,including Gucheng area,Majiaer area,and western Luobopo rise(Luoxi area).The results show that 8 sub-facies and more than 10 microfacies are developed including open platform,restricted/semi-restricted platform,reef-shoal around platform margin,drowned platform,foreslope,neritic platform,and deep-water basin.As both key areas for hosting petroleum reserves during the Cambrian and Ordovician,the Luoxi area is dominated by deep-water basin facies,while the Gucheng area is dominated by neritic platform facies and deep-water basin facies during the Lower Cambrian.The deposition evolution during the whole Cambrian is dominated by slope facies and deep-water facies,platform margin facies,and platform facies.In contrast,it is dominated by open platform facies during the whole Ordovician.The depositional evolution of carbonate platform is mainly controlled by paleo-geomorphology and sea-level changes.The distribution of paleo-geomorphologic units plays an important role in controlling types and distributions of carbonate platform facies.The transgression assists in growth of reef-shoal complex and lime mud mound in the Early Ordovician.However,with neritic platform and slope being to disappeared,in the Middle Ordovician,platform margin facies are well developed in Gucheng Area.Platform facies and deepwater basin facies are widely distributed.Finally,carbonate platform is drowned due to sea level rising in the Late Ordovician.The depositional evolution of carbonate platform coinciding falling and rising of sea-level changes can be beneficial for appropriate carbonate reservoirs identification and petroleum exploration.
基金supported by the Foundation of Geological Survey of China (Nos.1212011121261,1212010733802)the National Natural Science Foundation (No.40921062)
文摘We have studied the evolution of the tectonic lithofacies paleogeography of Paleocene- Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by compiling data regarding the type, tectonic setting, and iithostratigraphic sequence of 98 remnant basins in the plateau area. Our results can be summarized as follows. (1) The Paleocene to Eocene is characterized by uplift and erosion in the Songpan-Garze and Gangdise belts, depression (lakes and pluvial plains) in eastern Tarim, Qaidam, Qiangtang, and Hoh Xil, and the Neo-Tethys Sea in the western and southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. (2) The Oligocene is characterized by uplift in the Gangdise--Himalaya and Karakorum regions (marked by the absence of sedimentation), fluvial transport (originating eastward and flowing westward) in the Brahmaputra region (marked by the deposition of Dazhuka conglomerate), uplift and erosion in western Kunlun and Songpan-Garze, and depression (lakes) in the Tarim, Qaidam, Qiangtang, and Hoh Xil. The Oligocene is further characterized by depressional littoral and neritic basins in southwestern Tarim, with marine facies deposition ceasing at the end of the Oligocene. (3) For the Miocene, a widespread regional unconformity (ca. 23 Ma) in and adjacent to the plateau indicates comprehensive uplift of the plateau. This period is characterized by depressions (lakes) in the Tarim, Qaidam, Xining-Nanzhou, Qiangtang, and Hoh Xil. Lacustrine facies deposition expanded to peak in and adjacent to the plateau ca. 18-13 Ma, and north-south fault basins formed in southern Tibet ca. 13-10 Ma. All of these features indicate that the plateau uplifted to its peak and began to collapse. (4) Uplift and erosion occurred during the Pliocene in most parts of the plateau, except in the Hoh Xil-Qiangtang, Tarim, and Qaidam. The continuous uplift and intensive taphrogeny in the plateau divided the original large basin into small basins, deposition of lacustrine facies decreased considerably, and boulderstone accumulated, indicating a response to the overall uplift of the plateau. Here, we discuss the evolution of tectonic lithofacies paleogeography in Cenozoic and its response to the tectonic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in relation to the above characteristics. We have recognized five major uplift events, which occurred during 58-53 Ma, 45-30 Ma, 25-20 Ma, 13-7 Ma, and since 5 Ma. The results presented here indicate that the paleogeomorphic configurations of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau turned over during the late Miocene, with high elevations in the east during the pre-Miocene switching to high contours in the west at the end of Miocene.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2006CB202300)the Major Scientific and Technical Project of China National Petroleum Corporation (No. 07-01C-01-04)
文摘The main petroliferous basins in eastern China are Cenozoic fault basins, most of which have experienced two-stage tectonic evolution, i.e., rifting subsidence in the Paleogene and post-rifting thermal subsidence in the Neogene-Quaternary. The episodic tectonic evolution and syndepositional faulting had significant influence on the fault basins in terms of accommodation space, deposition rate, and depositional facies zones. In this study, the tectonic deformation characteristics and the tectonic-depositional evolution of the Western Sag of the Cenozoic Liaohe Depression were investigated by comprehensive analysis of the available geological and geophysical data using the modern theory of tectonic geology and the balanced section technique. The tectonic deformation of the Cenozoic fault basin was characterized by superimposed faults and depression. In addition, there existed relatively independent but still related extensional tectonic systems and strike-slip tectonic systems. The tectonic evolution of the fault basin involved five stages, i.e., initial rifting stage (E2s4), intense faulting stage (E2s3), fault-depression transition stage (E3sl2), differential uplifting stage (E3d), and depression stage (N-Q). According to the characteristics of tectonic development and evolution of the Western Sag, the depositional evolution in the Cenozoic fault basin was divided into two stages, i.e., multi-episodic rifting filling in the Paleogene and post-rifting filling in the Neogene-Quaternary. The former rifting stage was further subdivided into four episodes with different characteristics of depositional development. The episodic faulting controlled the filling process and filling pattern of the Cenozoic Western Sag as well as the development and spatial distribution of associated depositional systems, whereas the syndepositional faults that developed in multiple stages in various tectonic positions controlled the development of depositional systems and sand bodies in the Western Sag. That is, the fault terraces on steep slopes controlled the development of sand bodies, the fault terraces on gentle slopes controlled the development of low-stand fan bodies, and the fault terraces or fault troughs in the central basin controlled the development of fluxoturbidite bodies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41072080)China Post-doctor Science Foundation of China (No. 60878)National Project for Deep Exploration Technology and Experimentation (Sinoprobe-08)
文摘The Hefei Basin is the largest basin in the North China landmass with complete and well-preserved Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata. In the basin there developed a suite of extremely thick "red beds" in the Mesozoic. Owing to complex evolution processes and a lack of paleontological traces, there have been controversies regarding the division and correlation of this suite of red beds. Based on results obtained in recent years in drilling, seismic and surface geological investigations and in consideration of relationships between seismic sequences and regional tectonic events, as well as evidence in paleontology, petrology and isotopic dating, this paper preliminarily puts forward the following ideas about the sequence stratigraphic framework of the continental "red beds" in the Hefei Basin. (1) The Zhougongshan Formation and the Yuantongshan Formation have similar lithologic, geophysical and paleontological characteristics, so we incorporate them into a single formation, called the Yuantongshan Formation, and the original Zhougongshan and Yuantongshan Formations are regarded as the upper and the lower parts of the newly defined Yuantongshan Formation. Its age is the Middle Jurassic; (2) the Zhuxiang Formation belongs to the Upper Jurassic Series and (3) the age of the Xiangdaopu Formation is the Lower Cretaceous. Furthermore, signatures of depositional evolution are analyzed in the paper based on features of seismic reflection, outcrops and drilling data. The Early and Middle Jurassic is characterized by a foreland basin, which is influenced mainly by uplift and longitudinal compression of the Dabieshan Mountains; the Lower Jurassic System has a relatively small depositional area; the Middle Jurassic strata are distributed extensively over the whole basin, marking the summit of basin development; a flexure basin is characteristic of the Late Jurassic, manifesting a joint effect of the Dabieshan and Zhangbaling Mountains with the former being more significant. In the Early Cretaceous, the Xiangdaopu Formation was distributed in the Daqiao depression, evidently affected by extension of the Tanlu fault; in the Late Cretaceous, the Hefei Basin was subjected to dismembering and the Zhangqiao Formation was distributed in the east-west direction along the downthrown side of the fault.
基金co-supposed by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX2-EW-ON112)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KFJJ2010-07)
文摘Geologists agree that the collision of the Indian and Asian plates caused uplift of the Tibet Plateau. However, controversy still exists regarding the modes and mechanisms of the Tibetan Plateau uplift. Geology has recorded this uplift well in the Qaidam Basin. This paper analyzes the tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the western Qaidam Basin using sub-surface seismic and drill data. The Cenozoic intensity and history of deformation in the Qaidam Basin have been reconstructed based on the tectonic developments, faults growth index, sedimentary facies variations, and the migration of the depositional depressions. The changes in the sedimentary facies show that lakes in the western Qaidam Basin had gone from inflow to still water deposition to withdrawal. Tectonic movements controlled deposition in various depressions, and the depressions gradually shifted southeastward. In addition, the morphology of the surface structures in the western Qaidam Basin shows that the Cenozoic tectonic movements controlled the evolution of the Basin and divided it into (a) the southern fault terrace zone, (b) a central Yingxiongling orogenic belt, and (c) the northern fold-thrust belt; divided by the XI fault (Youshi fault) and Youbei fault, respectively. The field data indicate that the western Qaidam Basin formed in a Cenozoic compressive tectonic environment caused by the India--Asia plate collision. Further, the Basin experienced two phases of intensive tectonic deformation. The first phase occurred during the Middle Eocene--Early Miocene (Xia Ganchaigou Fm. and Shang Ganchaigou Fro., 43.8- 22 Ma), and peaked in the Early Oligocene (Upper Xia Ganchaigou Fro., 31.5 Ma). The second phase occurred between the Middle Miocene and the Present (Shang Youshashan Fro. and Qigequan Fro., 14.9-0 Ma), and was stronger than the first phase. The tectonic--sedimentary evolution and the orienta- tion of surface structures in the western Qaidam Basin resulted from the Tibetan Plateau uplift, and recorded the periodic northward growth of the Plateau. Recognizing this early tectonic--sedimentary evolution supports the previous conclusion that northern Tibet responded to the collision between India and Asia shortly after its initiation. However, the current results reveal that northern Tibet also experi- enced another phase of uplift during the late Neogene. The effects of these two stages of tectonic activity combined to produce the current Tibetan Plateau.
基金granted by the Geological Survey Program of China Geological Survey (Grant No.1212011086074 and 12120113036500)
文摘The Bangong Lake-Nujiang River metallogenic belt is located between the Qiangtang Block and Lhasa Block, and the Duolong ore concentration area is located in the western section of the Bangong Lake-Nujiang River metallogenic belt. Till now, several large and super large copper-gold deposits, such as Duobuza, Bolong, Dibaonamugang, Naruo and Rongna deposits have been discovered in this area, mainly porphyry copper-gold ones.
基金funded by National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China-973 Program"Potash formation mechanism,conditionslate evolution in Ordovician ancient epicontinental sea basin,Erdos"(No.2011CB403001)China Geological survey work Program–"Potash resources investigation and evaluation in Northern Shaanxi Ordovician Salt Basin"(No.1212011085516)
文摘China is in severe shortage of potash reserves,and the best way for breakthrough is to make potash exploration in marine salt basins.Erdos basin is so far the only Ordovician potash basin in the world.The Erdos basin is located west
基金the IMPRS-Sur Mat of the Max Planck Society for a research grant
文摘RuO2 nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes(CNTs) functionalized with oxygen(OCNTs) and nitrogen(NCNTs) were employed for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) in 0.1 M KOH.The catalysts were synthesized by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition using ruthenium carbonyl(Ru3(CO)(12)) as Ru precursor. The obtained RuO2/OCNT and RuO2/NCNT composites were characterized using TEM, H2-TPR, XRD and XPS in order probe structure–activity correlations, particularly, the effect of the different surface functional groups on the electrochemical OER performance. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of the catalysts with mean RuO2 particle sizes of 13–14 nm was evaluated by linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and chronopotentiometry, showing that the generation of nitrogen-containing functional groups on CNTs was beneficial for both OER activity and stability. In the presence of RuO2, carbon corrosion was found to be significantly less severe.
文摘Lake Qinghai is located in the northeastern margin of qinghai-tibet plateau.It’s very sensitive to climate change.Through the research of modern sedimentary environmental change in Lake Qinghai,We expect to gain the information about its response to global environmental change.Our study collected three sedimentary columns of Lake Qinghai in the northwestern,Column samples’length
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51290272, 51472008, 21573004, 51522212, 51421002, 51672154, 51372130, and 51672307), the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFA0200103), the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics (No. KF201601), the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (No. 2014CB921002), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB07030200), the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (No. QYZDB-SSW-JSC035), and the MoST (2016YFA0200200).
文摘Controlled synthesis of structurally anisotropic rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) with macroscopically uniform and strictly monolayer thickness as well as tunable domain shape/size is of great interest for electronics-, optoelectronics-, and electrocatalysis-related applications. Herein, we describe the controlled synthesis of uniform monolayer ReSe2 flakes with variable morphology (sunflower- or truncated-triangle-shaped) on SiO2/Si substrates using different ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) setups. The prepared polycrystalline ReSe2 flakes were transferred intact onto Au foil electrodes and tested for activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Interestingly, compared to the compact truncated-triangle-shaped ReSe2 flakes, their edge-abundant sunflower-shaped counterparts exhibited superior electrocatalytic HER activity, featuring a relatively low Tafel slope of - 76 mV/dec and an exchange current density of 10.5 μA/cm2. Thus, our work demonstrates that CVD-grown ReSe2 is a promising two- dimensional anisotropic material for applications in the electrocatalytic HER.