Flotation separation of scheelite from calcite using luteolin as a novel depressant

This paper proposes luteolin(LUT)as a novel depressant for the flotation-based separation of scheelite and calcite in a sodium oleate(NaOL)system.The suitability of LUT as a calcite depressant is confirmed through micro-flotation testing.At pH=9,with LUT concentration of 50 mg·L^(-1) and NaOL concentration of 50 mg·L^(-1),scheelite recovery reaches 80.3%.Calcite,on the other hand,exhibits a recovery rate of 17.6%,indicating a significant difference in floatability between the two minerals.Subsequently,the surface modifica-tions of scheelite and calcite following LUT treatment are characterized using adsorption capacity testing,Zeta potential analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and atomic force microscopy(AFM).The study in-vestigates the selective depressant mechanism of LUT on calcite.Adsorption capacity testing and Zeta potential analysis demonstrate sub-stantial absorption of LUT on the surface of calcite,impeding the further adsorption of sodium oleate,while its impact on scheelite is min-imal.FT-IR and XPS analyses reveal the selective adsorption of LUT onto the surface of calcite,forming strong chemisorption bonds between the hydroxyl group and calcium ions present.AFM directly illustrates the distinct adsorption densities of LUT on the two miner-al types.Consequently,LUT can effectively serve as a depressant for calcite,enabling the successful separation of scheelite and calcite.

Impact and mechanism of bisphosphonate depressant 1-hydroxypropane-1,1-diphosphonic acid on flotation decalcification of dolomite-rich magnesite ore

Given the depletion of high-quality magnesite deposits and the rising demand for high-end magnesium materials,the separation and utilization of high-calcium magnesite ores have become essential.However,the similar surface properties and solubility of semi-soluble salt-type minerals,pose significant challenges for the utilization of dolomite-rich magnesite resources.In this study,1-hydroxypropane-1,1-di phosphonic acid(HPDP)was identified for the first time as a high-performance depressant for dolomite.Various tests,including contact angle measurements,ζ potential analysis,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and atomic force microscopy,were conducted to elucidate the interfacial interaction mechanisms of HPDP on the surfaces of the two minerals at different scales.Additionally,molecular modeling calculations were used to detail the spatial matching relationship between HPDP and the crystal faces of the two minerals.It was emphasized that HPDP specifically adsorbed onto the dolomite surface by forming calcium phosphonate,ensuring that the dolomite surface remained hydrophilic and sank.Moreover,it was found that the adsorption strength of HPDP on the mineral surfaces depended on the activity of the metal sites and their spatial distribution.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the molecular design of flotation reagents for high-calcium magnesite ores.

A novel molybdenite depressant for efficient selective flotation separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite

A novel small molecule depressant(M-DEP)was used to separate chalcopyrite and molybdenite via flotation.The results showed that M-DEP had an excellent selective depression on molybdenite,while had little effect on the flotation of chalcopyrite.The adsorption capacity of M-DEP on the surface of molybdenite was greater than that on chalcopyrite surface.The adsorption of M-DEP reduced the floatability of molybdenite and had less effect on the floatability of chalcopyrite,which was due to its different adsorption modes on the surface of the two minerals.Furthermore,the interaction between chalcopyrite and M-DEP was mainly chemical interaction,and almost all of the adsorbed M-DEP molecules were removed and replaced by sodium butyl xanthate(SBX).By contrast,hydrophobic interaction was the main way in which M-DEP was adsorbed on the molybdenite surface with little chemical interaction,which was less interfered by SBX addition.Therefore,M-DEP had a super selective depression on molybdenite.The study provided a novel depressant and approach for the deep separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite via flotation.

Advances in depressants for flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity:A critical review

The flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity can be achieved using selective depressants.In the flotation system of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals,depressants usually preferentially interact with the pyrite surface to render the mineral surface hydrophilic and hinder the adsorption of the collector.This review summarizes the advances in depressants for the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity.These advances include use of inorganic depressants (oxidants and sulfur–oxygen compounds),natural polysaccharides (starch,dextrin,konjac glucomannan,and galactomannan),modified polymers (carboxymethyl cellulose,polyacrylamide,lignosulfonate,and tricarboxylate sodium starch),organic acids (polyglutamic acid,sodium humate,tannic acid,pyrogallic acid,salicylic acid,and lactic acid),sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate,and diethylenetriamine.The potential application of specific inorganic and organic depressants in the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity is reviewed.The advances in the use of organic depressants with respect to the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals are comprehensively detailed.Additionally,the depression performances and mechanisms of different types of organic depressants on mineral surfaces are summarized.Finally,several perspectives on depressants vis-à-vis flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity are proposed.

Association between 5-HTR1A gene C-1019G polymorphism and antidepressant response in patients with major depressive disorder:A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a substantial global health concern,and its treatment is complicated by the variability in individual response to antide-pressants.AIM To consolidate research and clarify the impact of genetic variation on MDD treatment outcomes.METHODS Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,a systematic search across PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library was conducted without date restrictions,utilizing key terms related to MDD,serotonin 1A receptor polymorphism(5-HTR1A),C-1019G polymorphism,and antidepressant response.Studies meeting inclusion criteria were thoroughly screened,and quality assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Statistical analyses,includingχ2 and I²values,were used to evaluate heterogeneity and fixed-effect or random-effect models were applied accordingly.RESULTS The initial search yielded 1216 articles,with 11 studies meeting criteria for inclusion.Analysis of various genetic models showed no significant association between the 5-HTR1A C-1019G polymorphism and antidepressant efficacy.The heterogeneity was low to moderate,and no publication bias was detected through funnel plot symmetry and Egger's and Begg's tests.CONCLUSION This meta-analysis does not support a significant association between the 5-HTR1A C-1019G polymorphism and the efficacy of antidepressant treatment in MDD.The findings call for further research with larger cohorts to substantiate these results and enhance the understanding of antidepressant pharmacogenetics.

Antidepressant effects of Peiyuan Jieyu formula in a mouse model of chronic stress in conjunction with lipopolysaccharide-induced depression

Objective:To explore the mechanism of the Peiyuan Jieyu formula in treating depression by assessing its impact on a lipopolysaccharide-induced(LPS-induced)depression mouse model.Methods:We created a mouse model of depression by exposing mice that had previously received chronic stress to intraperitoneal LPS injections.The mice were divided into the following groups:control,model,fluoxetine,Tiansi Yin,Sini powder,and low-,medium-,and high-dose Peiyuan Jieyu formula groups.Forced swim and tail suspension tests were used to assess the efficacy of the depression(despair)model,and weight gain rates were also measured.Furthermore,serum levels of various depression and inflammation-associated molecules,including tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tryptophan,5-hydroxytryptamine,kynurenine(KYN),and kynurenic acid(KA)were assessed.Furthermore,the expression levels of ionic calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1(IBA-1)and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)mRNA in hippocampal microglia were measured.Results:The model group displayed greater despair-associated immobility,which was shortened in response to various doses of Peiyuan Jieyu formula.Furthermore,formula administration significantly reduced serum TNF-a levels and hippocampal IDO mRNA expression.The high formula dose also reduced IFN-γand IBA-1 levels,the latter was also decreased in response to the medium formula dose.However,the low formula dose reduced serum KYN level and KYN/tryptophan(TRP)and KYN/KA ratios.Conclusion:The Peiyuan Jieyu formula holds immense potential in treating depression in a mouse model,potentially inhibiting inflammation and improving TRP-KYN metabolic disorders.

Analysis of the Antidepressant Effects and Mechanisms of Icariin II Based on The GABAergic Nervous System

This article summarized the research progress on the antidepressant mechanism of icariin II,mainly elaborating on its mechanism from five aspects:GABAergic nervous system,inflammatory response,oxidative stress,neurotrophic factors,and neurotransmitters in the brain.Its clinical application value was further explored to provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of icariin II in treating depression.

Flotation separation depressants for scheelite and calcium-bearing minerals: A review

Owing to the depletion of wolframite, the focus of tungsten extraction has gradually shifted to scheelite. However, separating the associated minerals(e.g., apatite, fluorite, and calcite) and scheelite is challenging because their surface physicochemical properties are similar to those of scheelite. Fortunately, researchers have made substantial progress in separating the minerals of scheelite by using depressants. This study reviews the application and inhibition mechanism of inorganic depressants in obtaining tungsten from its calcium-bearing minerals. The application of new organic depressants in obtaining tungsten from its calcium-bearing minerals and the associated mechanisms are also summarized. After an objective assessment of inorganic and organic depressants’ advantages and disadvantages, possible future research directions for inorganic and organic depressants are proposed. Herein, we provide a theoretical basis for developing scheelite flotation depressants.

Effect of nanocomposite pour point depressant EVAL/CNT on flow properties of waxy crude oil

The nanocomposite EVAL-CNT was produced by chemical grafting in the solution system through the esterification of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNT), and its structural properties were characterized. The improvement of the rheological properties of the waxy oil system by the novel pour point depressant was investigated using macroscopic rheological measurements and microscopic observations. The results showed that EVAL-CNT nanocomposite pour point depressant (PPD) could significantly reduce the pour point and improve the low temperature fluidity of crude oil and had better performance than EVAL-GO at the same addition level. The best effect was achieved at the dosing concentration of 400 ppm, which reduced the pour point by 13 ℃ and the low-temperature viscosity by 85.4%. The nanocomposites dispersed in the oil phase influenced the precipitation and crystallization of wax molecules through heterogeneous crystallization templates, which led to the increase of wax crystal size and compact structure and changed the wax crystal morphology, which had a better effect on the rheological properties of waxy oil.

Polysaccharides-based pyrite depressants for green flotation separation:An overview

Froth flotation is an essential processing technique for upgrading low-grade ores.Flotation separation would not be efficient without chemical surfactants(collectors,depressants,frothers,etc.).Depressants play a critical role in the selective separation of minerals in that they deactivate unfavorable mineral surfaces and hinder them from floating into the flotation concentration zone.Pyrite is the most common and challenging sulfide gangue,and its conventional depressants could be highly harmful to nature and humans.Therefore,using available,affordable,eco-friendly polymers to assist or replace hazardous reagents is mandatory for a green transition.Polysaccharide-based(starch,dextrin,carboxymethyl cellulose,guar gum,etc.)polymers are one of the most used biodegradable depressant groups for pyrite depression.Despite the satisfactory flotation results obtained using these eco-friendly depressants,several gaps still need to be addressed,specifically in investigating surface interactions,adsorption mechanisms,and parameters affecting their depression performance.As a unique approach,this review comprehensively discussed previously conducted studies on pyrite depression with polysaccharide-based reagents.Additionally,practical suggestions have been provided for future assessments and developments of polysaccharide-based depressants,which pave the way to green flotation.This robust review also explored the depression efficiency and various adsorption aspects of naturally derived depressants on the pyrite surface to create a possible universal trend for each biodegradable depressant derivative.

Gastrointestinal Microbiome and related metabolites in Depression and Antidepressants - a comprehensive review

Depression,a prevalent mood disorder,has emerged as a significant health concern in society.While the exact cause of depression remains incompletely understood,there is substantial evidence linking the gastrointestinal microbiome and its metabolites to this condition.Through combined multi-omics analysis,it has been observed that the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome,including Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,and Actinobacteria,undergoes significant alterations in depressed individuals.Moreover,the production of short-chain fatty acids,tryptophan,and bile acids by these gut microbes is also found to be modified in depression.Furthermore,studies have demonstrated that antidepressant medications exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with the gastrointestinal microbiome and their metabolites.This review provides an overview of the association between the gastrointestinal microbiome,related metabolites,and depression.It highlights the potential of these factors to serve as mechanisms of action for antidepressant medications.Additionally,the review summarizes the commonly used technical tools in depression research.

Application of EDTMPS as a novel calcite depressant in scheelite flotation

In this study, the innovative use of ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic sodium(EDTMPS) as a calcite depressant in scheelite flotation was investigated by flotation experiments, and its selective depression mechanism was revealed by contact angle measurement, FTIR analysis, Zeta potential test and XPS analysis. The flotation experiment results showed that scheelite and calcite could be efficiently separated under the following conditions: pulp p H=9.5, Na OL concentration of 1.5×10^(-4)mol/L, EDTMPS concentration of 3.0×10^(-5)mol/L, a scheelite concentrate with WO3grade of 65.49%, recovery of 83.29%and separation efficiency of 65.29% could be obtained from the artificially mixed minerals. The analysis results of mineral surface properties demonstrated that EDTMPS was strongly adsorbed onto the calcite surface through the reaction between the phosphonate group and the calcium ions, which hindered Na OL adsorption and increased the hydrophilicity of calcite. However, EDTMPS had weak adsorption strength on the scheelite surface, which didn’t affect further adsorption of Na OL, hence, the scheelite remained hydrophobic. Consequently, the selective adsorption of EDTMPS on the two minerals’ surfaces increased a difference in wettability and thus enabling them to be separated by flotation. Finally, the mechanism model of this flotation separation process was established.

A depressant for marmatite flotation:Synthesis,characterisation and floatation performance

This study synthesised a zincic salt(ZS)as a depressant for marmatite-galena separation.The effect of ZS on the flotation of marmatite and galena was investigated through micro-flotation tests.88.89%of the galena was recovered and 83.39%of the marmatite was depressed with ZS dosage of 750 mg·L^(−1)at pH=4.The depression mechanism of ZS on marmatite was investigated by a variety of techniques,including adsorption measurements,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic(XPS)analysis,and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS).Results of adsorption tests and FTIR reveal that ZS adsorbed on marmatite surface and impeded the subsequent adsorption of butyl xanthate(BX).The results of XPS and ToF-SIMS indicate that the ZnO_(2)^(3-)released by ZS could be chemisorbed on the marmatite surface and depress marmatite flotation.

Flotation of low-grade bauxite using organosilicon cationic collector and starch depressant

The flotation of diaspore and three kinds of silicate minerals, including kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite, using an organosilicon cationic surfactant (TAS101) as collector and starch as depressant was investigated. The results show that both diaspore and aluminosilicate minerals float readily with organosilicon cationic collector TAS101 at pH values of 4 to 10. Starch has a strong depression effect for diaspore in the alkaline pH region but has little influence on the flotation of aluminosilicate minerals. It is possible to separate diaspore from aluminosilicate minerals using the organosilicon cationic collector and starch depressant. Further studies of bauxite ore flotation were also conducted, and the reverse flotation separation process was adopted. The concentrates with the mass ratio of Al2O3 to SiO2 of 9.58 and Al2O3 recovery of 83.34% are obtained from natural bauxite ore with the mass ratio of Al2O3 to SiO2 of 6.1 at pH value of 11 using the organosilicon cationic collector and starch depressant.

Effectiveness of antidepressant repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in a patient with refractory psychogenic dysphagia:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Dysphagia is a common condition in older as well as young patients,and a variety of treatments have been reported depending on the cause.However,clinicians are challenged when the cause is unclear.This is the case with psychogenic dysphagia,which has typically been treated with supportive psychotherapy,medi-cation,swallowing exercise,and dysphagia rehabilitation therapy.Here,we aimed to relieve the symptoms of a patient with refractory psychogenic dysphagia,who was unresponsive to conventional swallowing therapy,with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS).CASE SUMMARY A relatively calm-looking 35-year-old female patient presented with a 2-year history of dysphagia.She showed little improvement with conventional swallowing treatments over the past 2 years.She was relatively compliant with inhospital dysphagia therapy,but uncooperative with home exercise and medication.In particular,since she was resistant to drug treatment,we had to take a different approach than the treatment she had been receiving for the past 2 years.After much deliberation,we decided to initiate antidepressant rTMS treatment with her consent(IRB No.2023-05-021).Antidepressant rTMS treatment was performed twice weekly for a total of 20 sessions over 10 wk.The results showed improvement in subjective symptoms and video fluoroscopic swallowing study findings.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of symptomatic improvement using antidepressant rTMS protocol for refractory psychogenic dysphagia.CONCLUSION This case demonstrates that rTMS with antidepressant protocol can be used to improve swallowing in patients with refractory psychogenic dysphagia.

Effects of intravenous infusion of esketamine on analgesia and postpartum antidepressant after cesarean section

Objective:Postpartum depression and postoperative pain affect postpartum physical and psychological rehabilitation.Esketamine,as a dexer of ketamine,has analgesic and antidepressant effects.This study was to investigate the effect of intravenous infusion of esmololone on postoperative analgesia and postpartum depression in parturients undergoing cesarean section.Methods:435 parturients undergoing cesarean section under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups.All of the subjects were given continuous intravenous infusion 5 minutes after delivery of the fetus.HE:0.4 mg/kg esketamine;LE:0.2 mg/kg esketamine;C:saline.Intraoperative records of MAP and HR at entry operating room(T0),skin resection(T1),beginning of test drug pumping(T2),10 min of pumping(T3)20min of pumping(T4),end of pumping(T5),end of operation(T6)and the adverse reactions before leaving the room were recorded.Postoperative analgesia with intravenous analgesia pump:2.5 ug/kg Sufentanil+8 mg Ondansetron+100 mL Saline.VAS score and sufentanil consumption and adverse reactions were recorded at 2 h(T0’)4 h(T1’)、8 h(T2’)、12 h(T3’)、24 h(T4’)after operation.The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale(EPDS)was used to evaluate the depression status of pregnant women 1 day before operation,1 d,3 d,1 w and 6 w after operation.Result:There was no significant difference in mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate(HR)among the three groups(P>0.05).Compared with C,the incidence of dizziness and diplopia was higher in HE and LE(P<0.05).Compared with C,VAS scores,the sufentanil dosage,and EPDS scores decreased at 1 and 3d postoperatively in both the HE and LE.(P<0.05).Conclusion:The analgesic effect of esketamine after cesarean section is remarkable,which can reduce the use of opioids and improve the short-term depression of pregnant women.

Antidepressant-like Effects of Flavonoids from Pteridium aquilinum var.latiusculum

[Objectives]To explore the antidepressant-like effects of PAFL and its potential mechanisms.[Methods]This study used PAFL in mice under various conditions and analyzed the results.The antidepressant-like effects of flavonoids from Pteridium aquilinum(PAFL)and its possible action mechanism were discussed.[Results]PAFL(5 mg/kg,i.p.)exhibited markedly antidepressant-like activities,which could be reversed by treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine(an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis),haloperidol(a non-selective D 2 receptor antagonist)and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid(an agonist at the glutamate site).Meanwhile,PAFL also effectively increased the hippocampus 5-HT,DA,and Glu levels of mice exposed to TST and FST.The LPS-induced antidepressant behavioral experiment showed that PAFL(1 and 5 mg/kg,i.p.)and fluoxetine(20 mg/kg,i.p.)effectively reduced the immobility time,and increase activity time in OFT.PAFL pretreatment significantly reduced IL-6 and TNF-αserum levels and improve the changes of hippocampal SOD and MDA oxidative stress indicators.Furthermore,PAFL preconditioning could up-regulate BDNF and TrκB contents in hippocampus and down-regulate IκB-αand NF-κB phosphorylation.[Conclusions]The antidepressant-like effects of PAFL might be mediated by the 5-HT,DAergic and Gluergic systems,and the mechanisms of anti-depressant effects of PAFL might be via the alterations of animal behaviors,hippocampus inflammation and neurotrophy,which might be attributed by the BDNF/TrκB/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Antidepressant Effect of Mongolian Pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei Ingredient Pills and Its Improvement Effect on Depressive Syndromes

[Objectives]To analyze the effect of Mongolian pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei Ingredient Pills in the clinical treatment of patients with depression.[Methods]From June 2020 to May 2021,64 patients with depression who received treatment in Inner Mongolia Minzu University were selected to participate in this study.These patients were randomly numbered from 1 to 64,and then divided into two groups according to the principle of odd or even number.Patients with odd number were regarded as the reference group,and treated by western medicine fluoxetine;patients with even number were regarded as the study group,and treated by Mongolian pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei Ingredient Pills.The therapeutic effects of the two groups of patients were compared.[Results]Before treatment,there was no significant difference in the scores of patients'depressive syndromes between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,there were two significant changes in comprehensive score of depressive symptoms in both groups.Compared with before treatment,the data of the same group after treatment decreased significantly.Comparison between the two groups showed that the score of patients'depressive syndromes in the study group(13.28±5.49)was significantly lower than that in the reference group(18.46±6.51),and the overall response rate of treatment in the study group(96.88%,31/32)was obviously higher than that in the reference group(75.00%,24/32),showing statistically significant differences(P<0.05).[Conclusions]In the treatment of depression,Mongolian medicine therapy can significantly improve the depressive syndromes in patients,with more prominent curative effects,and is worthy of promotion and application.

Commentary: Discussing the antidepressant potential of silymarin

The therapeutic potential of diet,dietary supplements,herbal remedies,and nutraceuticals for treatment of depression and anxiety is being increasingly explored.In this commentary,we discuss the recent findings on the antidepressant potential of silymarin(SILY)in mice and present an alternative approach.We highlight the extensive research on another phytochemical,curcumin,for the treatment of depression and anxiety.Finally,we suggest a future application,which investigates the potential synergistic effects of combined treatment with SILY and curcumin for depression.

The Antidepressant Mechanism of JiaWeiWenDan Decoction Regulating p38MAPK-ERK5 Signal Transduction Pathway

Objective: To investigate the anti-depression mechanism of JiaWeiWenDan Decoction in regulating p38MAPK-ERK5 signal transduction pathway. Methods: Depression model rats were randomly divided into Blank Control Group, Model Control Group, Chinese Medicine Treatment Group, and Western Medicine Treatment Group (hereinafter referred to as Blank Group, Model Group, Chinese Medicine Group, and Western Medicine Group), with 48 rats in each group. The mice were treated with p38MAPK-ERK5 on the 7th day, 14th day and 21st day, respectively, and the mice were treated for 28 days. The key targets and cytokines in p38MAPK-ERK5 signal transduction pathway were detected. Results: Compared with the Blank Group, the expression of p38MAPKmRNA in the hippocampus of the Model Group was increased. The Chinese Medicine Group and Western Medicine Group could reduce the expression of p38MAPK mRNA (P P P P Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effect of JiaWeiWenDan Decoction may be related to the regulation of p38MAPK-ERK5 signaling pathway. With the advance of the treatment week, the best effect was obtained when the treatment was started on the 7th day of modeling.