Geochemical Behavior and Enrichment Mechanisms of Arsenic in Low-Rank Coal,Baiyinhua Depression,Erlian Basin

In this study,the abundance of trace elements in the Baiyinhua depression coal and its relationship with the coal depositional environment was examined.(1)The content of arsenic in the Baiyinhua depression coal is that of a typically high arsenic coal from the late Mesozoic of China.The average arsenic content of Baiyinhua coal is 24.93 times,the highest being 132.71 times,that of Chinese coal.Coal rank is not a controlling factor affecting arsenic enrichment in coal.(2)Arsenic is primarily enriched in the syngenetic and diagenetic stages,the enrichment being most obvious in the syngenetic stage,with the intrusion of a magmatic-hydrothermal solution in the epigenetic stage also providing rich sources of arsenic.(3)The Baiyinhua coal-forming plant material is mainly woody plants.The coal seam was covered with deep water,the oxygen supply was very weak,the bacteria very few,the sedimentary environment of the swamp relatively calm and the degree of damage to the woody plants is very low.The minerals in the coal are mainly quartz and clay minerals.The coal ash yield of Baiyinhua is small,with SiO2,Al2O3,MgO,K2O,TiO2,MnO and P2O5 mainly being combined in the inorganic minerals of the coal.

Geochemical Characteristics and Sedimentary Control of Pinghu Formation(Eocene)Coal-bearing Source Rocks in Xihu Depression,East China Sea Basin

Coal-bearing source rocks of the Pinghu Formation in the Xihu Depression comprise an important material basis of oil and gas resources in the East China Sea Basin.Based on drilling core observation results combined with the analysis and test results of macerals,trace/rare earth elements,and rock pyrolysis,the geochemical characteristics and sedimentary control of coal-bearing source rocks formation are discussed in a high-frequency sequence framework.The results indicate that the macerals composition of the coal-bearing source rocks of the Eocene Pinghu Formation in the Xihu Depression is dominated by vitrinite,with low-medium abundance of exinite and almost no inertinite.The coals and carbonaceous mudstones display higher amounts of total organic carbon(TOC)(14.90%-65.10%),S1+S2(39.24-136.52 mg/g),and IH(191-310 HC/g TOC)respectively,as compared to the mudstones.Organic matter is plotted in typeⅢkerogens and partially in typeⅡ;it is mainly in the low maturity stage.The trace elements results imply that the samples were deposited in a weakly reducing to weakly oxidizing environment and were occasionally affected by seawater.The coal-bearing source rocks were deposited in a relatively oxygen-containing environment.The coal-bearing source rocks development is jointly controlled by the coal accumulation environment,the water conditions affected by ocean currents in offshore basins in China,oxidation-reduction cycles of aqueous media and paleoclimate evolution in a high-frequency sequence framework.

Distribution and Geochemical Characteristics of Hydrogen in Natural Gas from the Jiyang Depression, Eastern China

Hydrogen gas accelerates hydrocarbon generation, but little is known about its distribution and origin in petroliferous basins, which has hindered the further exploration.Taken the Jiyang Depression in eastern China as an example, this study collected natural gas from different tectonic units, and analyzed various geochemical characters including gas contents, and carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition.The result shows that：（1） hydrogen gas is widespread distributed, but its content is very low, which typically ranges from 0.01% to 0.1% in this region;（2） the ratios of H2/3He, indicative of the origins of hydrogen gas, suggest that mantle-derived hydrogen is dominant.Even in tectonically stable areas absent with deep fluid activities, there is also mantle-derived;（3） the isotopic composition of hydrogen falls in the range of –798‰ to –628‰（relative to VSMOW standard）.In areas with deep-derived fluids, the hydrogen gas has a similar isotopic composition with the previously documented deep-sourced gas, with lighter isotopic composition.In contrast, hydrogen gas has a heavier isotopic composition in relatively stable areas.The isotopic signatures suggest that there is a mixture of mantle- and crust-derived hydrogen gas in the relatively stable area, which is consistent with the H2/3He ratios.Therefore, it is clear that the hydrogen gas has a much wider distribution than found in the deep-derived fluid area, resulting in a much broader area with hydrogenating effect for resource rock.This understanding will provide new insights for hydrocarbon generation research and resource assessment in petroliferous basins.

Geochemical characteristics of noble gases in natural gas and their application in tracing natural gas migration in the middle part of the western Sichuan Depression, China

Noble gases in natural gas, from Xiaoquan, Xinchang, Hexingchang and Fenggu gas reservoirs in the middle part of the western Sichuan Depression, China, were analysed. Results show that the volume content of crustal noble gases accounts for 97.9% to 99.7% of the total noble gas content, indicating that the noble gases in the study area are very largely derived from the crust. Moreover, the 40Ar time-accumulating effect of source rocks is used to determine the complex relationship between gases and source rocks in this area, and the results agree well with that from analysis of source rock light hydrocarbons. Due to the short migration distance, the separation of 4He and 40Ar is not significant in Xujiahe natural gas and Lower and Middle Jurassic natural gas, so it is difficult to trace natural gas migration. However, this separation characteristic of 4He and 40Ar in Middle and Upper Jurassic natural gas is significant, which indicates that natural gas migration was from the Middle Jurassic to Upper Jurassic formations. In addition, the variation trends of 3He/4He ratio and δ13C1 value indicates that natural gas migration is from the Xujiahe formation to the Jurassic layer in the study area.

Effect of petroleum chemical fraction and residual oil content in saline lacustrine organic-rich shale: A case study from the Paleogene Dongpu Depression of North China

Halite and gypsum minerals in saline shale make the retention mechanism and chemical fractionation of residual oil unique. The Dongpu Depression in North China is a typically saline lacustrine basin with developing halite and gypsum. The effect of gypsum minerals on residual oil content and chemical fractionation remains unclear. In this study, shale samples with different gypsum contents were used in organic geochemical experiments, showing that the high total organic matter (TOC) content and type II kerogen leads to a high residual oil content, as shown by high values of volatile hydrocarbon (S1) and extractable organic matter (EOM). XRD and FE-SEM result indicate that the existence of gypsum in saline shale contributes to an enhanced pore space and a higher residual oil content in comparison to non-gypsum shale. Additionally, the increase in the gypsum mineral content leads to an increase in the saturated hydrocarbon percentage and a decrease in polar components percentage (resins and asphaltene). Furthermore, thermal simulation experiments on low-mature saline shale show that the percentage of saturated hydrocarbons in the residual oil is high and remains stable and that the storage space is mainly mesoporous (> 20 nm) in the oil expulsion stage. However, the saturated hydrocarbons percentage decreases rapidly, and oil exists in mesopores (> 20 nm and < 5 nm) in the gas expulsion stage. In general, gypsum is conducive to the development of pore space, the adsorption of hydrocarbons and the occurrence of saturated hydrocarbon, leading to large quantities of residual oil. The data in this paper should prove to be reliable for shale oil exploration in saline lacustrine basins.

Organic geochemical characteristics of Eocene crude oils from Zhanhua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China

Geochemical studies of crude oil and source rock play an important role in future exploration in Zhanhua Depression.In this study,thirty-one oil samples collected from Shahejie Formation in Zhanhua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,NE China have been geochemically analyzed and their organic geochemical characteristics have been applied to differentiate groups of oils.These oil samples can be classified into two families based on multiple biomarker proxies and stable carbon isotopic values.FamilyⅠis characterized by a low ratio of pristane over phytane(Pr/Ph<0.7),a relatively high ratio of phytane over n-C18(Ph/n-C18),varying ratios of gammacerane over C30 hopane(Ga/C30H)and C22/C21 tricyclic terpane,and a low ratio of C19/C23 tricyclic terpane.FamilyⅡis marked by a relatively high Pr/Ph ratio(0.7-1.6),relative low ratios of Ph/n-C18 and C22/C21 tricyclic terpane,and avarying ratio of C19/C23 tricyclic terpane.Both familiesⅠandⅡwithin these crude oils can be subdivided into two families based on different values of stable carbon isotopic composition of individual n-alkanes.Moreover,the potential source rocks of oil samples in FamilyⅠand FamilyⅡwere likely derived from the upper Es4 member and Es3 member,respectively,based on the correlation of organic geochemical characteristics of the oils and source rocks.The results of oil-source rock correlation provide insight into the process from oil generation to migration and to final accumulation,providing a better understanding of factors controlling oil-gas distribution for prediction of sweet spots.

Geochemical characteristics and sedimentary environment of the Middle Devonian organic-rich shales in the Northwest of Guizhong Depression, Southwest China

In order to figure out the redox conditions and paleo-sedimentary environment of the Middle Devonian shales in the northwest of Guizhong Depression,the trace element analysis was conducted on the Middle Devonian cores(320.35–938.50 m)of the typical shale gas investigation well(GY-1)at a 1.50 m sampling interval through X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF)and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).According to the test result,the average values of V/(V+Ni),V/Cr and Ni/Co in Nabiao formation(Fm.)are larger than 0.67,4.65 and 7.71 respectively,and Nabiao Fm.is rich in biological assemblages such as tabasheer,ammonite,etc.These evidences indicate the rising sea level rose relatively in the sedimentation period of Nabiao Fm.and a deepwater shelf environment,which was favorable for the preservation of organic matters.The V/(V+Ni),V/Cr and Ni/Co in Luofu Fm.and Tangting Fm.are 0.38–0.65,0.73–4.10 and 3.70–6.72 respectively,indicating that the sea level dropped relatively in their sedimentation period,during which the water bodies became shallow,and the sedimentary environment was a weak oxidizing shallow water shelf environment.In addition,the variation of TOC has a high correlation with the enrichment degree of Ba element,indicating the favorable conditions for the enrichment and preservation of organic matters under an oxygen-deficient environment.Moreover,according to the identification of trace element indexes,the northwest of Guizhong Depression experienced the sedimentary cycle of relative rise to relative fall of sea level from bottom to top in the Middle Devonian sedimentation period.The relative sea level rose to the highest in the sedimentation period of Nabiao Fm.,in which the organic-rich shales with stable thickness and high organic content were deposited.Hence,the Nabiao Fm.could be regarded as the favorable exploration target interval in this area.

The Spreading Depression Propagation: How Electrochemical Patterns Distort or Create Perception

At the transition from quiescence to propagating waves recorded in isolated retinas, a circular electric current closes in the extracellular matrix;this circular current creates a magnetic torus flow that, when entering quiescent tissue in front of the wave, recruits elements and when leaving behind, helps to build the absolute refractory state. The waving magnetic torus is the consequence of the vortex effect and explains the energy boost that drives propagation. Methods: We interpret experimental results from intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence dyes, voltage, calcium and pH sensitive, optical signals from isolated retinas, and time series recordings using ion exchange resins: Ca, K, pH, Na, Cl recorded extracellularly at retinas, cerebellums and cortices coupled to spreading depression waves. Finally, we checked the ECoG activity, also a time series, at the transition from after discharges to spreading depression in rat hippocampus. Results: The integrated assessment of the diversified measurements led to the realization that the magnetic flow at the wavefront is a major contributor to the wave propagation mechanisms. This flow couples mass and charge flows as a swirling torus from excited to quiescent tissue. Conclusions: An alternative model of the brain is possible, apart from the classical HH and molecular biology model. Physical chemistry of charged gels and its flows explains the results. The conceptual framework uses far from equilibrium thermodynamics.

Negative efficacy of antidepressants in pharmacotherapy of child and adolescent depression

Antidepressants are the main drugs used to treat depression,but they have not been shown to be effective in the treatment of child and adolescent depression.However,many adolescent depression treatment guidelines still recommend the use of antidepressants,especially specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitors.Previous studies have suggested that antidepressants have little therapeutic effect but many side effects,such as switching to mania,suicide,and non-suicidal self injury(NSSI),in the treatment of child and adolescent depression.In the process of developing guidelines,drug recommendations should not only focus on impro-ving symptoms,but they should also consider potential side effects.This review discusses the serious side effects of antidepressants,including switching to mania,suicide,and NSSI.

Hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater depression cones in Yinchuan City, Northwest China

Groundwater in Yinchuan City has been heavily over-exploited, thus leading to the formation of depression cones in confined and phreatic groundwater environments. The depression cones have an important influence on the hydrodynamic and hydrochemical fields of groundwaters. The evolution of depression cones was analyzed on the basis of the monitoring data on groundwater level accumulated in the past 14 years. The ratio of rCl-/rCa2+ showed that phreatic water circulation was intensified, and confined groundwater was affected by external factors. Mass balance of Cl- showed confined water mixed with about 11% phreatic water. It is shown that the alternative function of confined water was affected by external factors. At last, the evolution of groundwater hydrochemical field on the basis of groundwater chemical composition showed that phreatic water quality has been improved whereas confined water quality has been deteriorated. Saturation indices of minerals with respect to phreatic and confined waters were calculated by using PHREEQC.

Molecular geochemical characteristics of source rock in faulted lacustrine basin:A case study of the Lishu Fault Depression in southern Songliao Basin,China

Terrestrial faulted lacustrine basin is considered as a favorable place for the development of source rocks,especially the fault basins in eastern China.Based on molecular composition study of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in the extracts of source rocks of the Yingcheng and Shahezi formations in the Lishu Fault Depression,it is revealed that the extracts of source rocks are provided with low ratio of Pr/Ph,low content of C24 tetracyclic terpanes,high content of tricyclic terpanes and gammacerane,relatively high content of C27 steranes in the sag belt and its periphery;relatively high ratio of Pr/Ph,relatively high content of tetracyclic terpanes and gammacerane,low content of C27 steranes and obvious advantages of C29 steranes in its gentle slope belt;with high ratio of Pr/Ph,high content of C19,C20 tricyclic and C24 tetracyclic terpanes,very low content of gammacerane and C27 steranes,and high content of C29 steranes in the edge of fault depression.According to the organic matter input and sedimentary environment,three types of source rocks have been established,which,respectively,are the mode of mixing organic matter input in deep and semi-deep lake,the advantage of terrigenous input in shallow lake and terrigenous input in shore-shallow lacustrine.The first mode is supposed to generate oil and gas,while the second one tends to generate oil.The distribution characteristics of oil and gas in the Lishu Fault Depression are very likely to be controlled by hydrocarbon generating characteristic of different source rock types.

Geochemical characteristics and genetic types of crude oils from Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields in the Lishu Fault Depression, Songliao Basin, northeastern China

The Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields are new Mesozoic petroleum exploration targets in Lishu Fault Depression of Songliao Basin, northeastern China. Currently, researches on geochemistry of crude oils from Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields have not been performed and the genesis of oils is still uncertain. Based on bulk analyses, the crude oils in the Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields of Lishu Fault Depression from the Lower Cretaceous can be classified as three types. TypeⅠoils, from Quantou and Denglouku formations of Qikeshu oilfield, are characterized by high C24tetracyclic terpane/C26tricyclic terpanes ratios, low gammacerance/C30hopane ratios, tricyclic terpanes/hopanes ratios, C29Ts/C29norhopane ratios and 17α(H)-diahopane/17α(H)-hopane ratios, indicating a brackish lacustrine facies. TypeⅡoils, from Shahezi Formation of Qikeshu oilfield show low C24tetracyclic terpane/C26tricyclic terpanes, high gammacerance/C30hopane ratios, tricyclic terpanes/hopanes ratios, C29Ts/C29 norhopane and C30diahopane/C30hopane ratios, thus suggesting that they originated from source rocks deposited in a weak reducing brackish lacustrine environment, or clay-rich sediments. Type oilsⅢ, from some wells of Qikeshu oilfield have geochemical characteristics intermediate between those two types and may be mixture of typeⅠand Ⅱoils.

Geochemical analysis of mixed oil in the Ordovician reservoir of the Halahatang Depression,Tarim Basin,China

In this study,12 crude oil samples were collected and analyzed from the Ordovician reservoir in the Halahatang Depression,Tarim Basin,China.Although the density of oil samples varies considerably,based on saturated hydrocarbon gas chromatographic(GC),saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric(GC/MS) and stable carbon isotopic composition analyses,all the samples are interpreted to represent a single oil population with similar characteristics in a source bed or a source kitchen,organic facies and even in oil charge history.The co-existence of a full suite of n-alkanes and acyclic isoprenoids with UCM and 25-norhopanes in the crude oil samples indicates mixing of biodegraded oil with fresher non-biodegraded oil in the Ordovician reservoir.Moreover,according to the conversion diagram of double filling ratios for subsurface mixed crude oils,biodegraded/non-biodegraded oil ratios were determined as in the range from 58/42 to 4/96.Based on oil density and oil mix ratio,the oils can be divided into two groups:Group 1,with specific density>0.88(g/cm3) and oil mix ratio>1,occurring in the north of the Upper Ordovician Lianglitage and Sangtamu Formation pinchout lines,and Group 2,with specific density<0.88(g/cm3) and oil mix ratio<1,occurring in the south of the pinchout lines.Obviously,Group 2 oils with low densities and being dominated by non-biodegraded oils are better than Group 1 oils with respect to quality.It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the area in the south of the Upper Ordovician Lianglitage and Sangtamu Formation pinchout lines for further exploration.

The geochemical characteristics and genetic types of crude oils in the western depression of the Liaohe Basin,China

The physical properties and group compositions of crude oils in the western depression of the Liaohe Basin possess such characteristics as to increase gradually in density, viscosity and wax contents, and decrease in saturated hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon and bitumen contents from the deep level to the shallow level and from the center of the depression to its boundary. Saturated hydrocarbons have various spectra, such as single peak and double peak patterns, front peak and rear peak patterns, and smooth peak and serated peak patterns, as well as the chromatograms of biodegraded n-alkanes. The ratios of Pr/Ph in crude oils from the southern part of the depression are generally higher than those in the northern part. The distribution of regular steranes C27-C29 is predominantly of the ramp type, and only a few samples have relatively high C28 contents in the southern part of the depression. As viewed from their physical properties and geochemical characteristics, crude oils in the study area can be divided into two types (I and II) based on oil-generating sources and sedimentary environments, and then further divided into three sub-types (Ia, Ib and Ic:IIa, IIb and IIIc, respectively) based on their degrees of maturation and secondary transformation. This will provide the reliable basis for oil-source correlation and petroleum exploration and prediction.

Geochemical Characteristics of Oilfield Waters fromthe Turpan Depression, Xinjiang and Their Petroleum Geological Significance

This paper, based on the fundamental inorganic chemical and organic geochemical characteristics of oilfield waters from the Turpan Depression, presents the contents of organic matter, the distribution of low-carbon fatty acids and the contents of aromatic hydrocarbons as well as their principal ultraviolet absorption spectral and fluorescence spectral characteristics in oilfield waters from different oil/gas-bearing areas. The oil/gas reservoirs in this depression are classified in terms of their conserving conditions. In addition, the paper also discusses the chemical characteristics of oilfield waters from different types of oil/gas reservoirs with an emphasis on the characteristics of their localization in the γ_Na/γCa-γNa/γ_Cl correction diagram. On this basis it is attempted to expound the fundamental geochemical characteristics of oilfield waters from the Turpan Depression and their geological significance.

Geochemical characteristics and possible origin of natural gas in the Taibei Depression,Turpan-Hami Basin,China

292 chemical composition data and 82 isotopic composition data of gas samples collected from the Taibei Depression of the Turpan-Hami Basin, West China, were used in the study of their origin. Non-hydrocarbon gas is poor in most samples whereas abundant nitrogen in some samples is positively correlated with δ13C1. Although methane is the main constituent, higher molecular gaseous hydrocarbons, from ethane to pentane, are detected in most samples, in accordance with the distribution of oil reservoirs. The stable carbon isotope ratios of methane, eth-ane and propane are defined as δ13C1: -45.5‰ to -33.5‰, δ13C2: -30.2‰ to -10.5‰, and δ13C3: 27.6‰ to -11.2‰, respectively. According to the distribution of carbon isotope ratios, 2 families of gas can be grouped, most showing normal distribution of carbon isotopes, and others having obvious heavier carbon isotopes and being of abnormal distribution. Based on the isotopic composition, the disagreement between the relationship of △(δ13C1-δ13C2) and δ13C2 and that of △(δ13C1-δ13C2) and δ13C2, and the calculated Ro, there are oil-associated gas, coal-derived gas and mixture of them. Other samples with obviously heavier isotopic compositions from the Yanmuxi oilfield of the Taibei Depression have been degraded by organisms.

Depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite

The depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite still lacked in-depth insight.Therefore,the depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite was further systematically investigated with experiments and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy(XPS)results,DFT calculation results,and frontier molecular orbital analysis indicated that sulfite ions were difficult to be adsorbed on sphalerite surface,suggesting that sulfite ions achieved depression effects on sphalerite through other non-adsorption mechanisms.First,the oxygen content in the surface of sphalerite treated with sulfite ions in creased,which enhanced the hydrophilicity of the sphalerite and further increased the difference in hydrophilicity between sphalerite and galena.Then,sulfite ions were chelated with lead ions to form PbSO_(3)in solution.The hydrophilic PbSO_(3)was more easily adsorbed on sphalerite than galena.The interaction between sulfite ions and lead ions could effectively inhibit the activation of sphalerite.In addition the UV spectrum showed that after adding sulfite ions,the peak of perxanthate in the sphalerite treated xanthate solution was significantly stronger than that in the galena with xanthate solution,indicating that xanthate interacted more readily with sulfite ions and oxygen mo lecules within the sphalerite system,leading to the formation of perxanthate.However,sulfite ions hardly depressed the flotation of ga lena and could promote the flotation of galena to some extent.This study deepened the understanding of the depression mechanism o sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb^(2+)activated sphalerite.

Gut-brain axis as a bridge in obesity and depression:Mechanistic exploration and therapeutic prospects

A recent study by Wang et al,published in the World Journal of Psychiatry,provided preventative and therapeutic strategies for the comorbidity of obesity and depression.The gut-brain axis,which acts as a two-way communication system between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system,plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these conditions.Evidence suggests that metabolic byproducts,such as short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharide and bile acids,which are generated by the gut microbiota,along with neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators within the gut-brain axis,modulate the host's metabolic processes,neuronal regulation,and immune responses through diverse mechanisms.The interaction between obesity and depression via the gut-brain axis involves disruptions in the gut microbiota balance,inflammatory immune responses,and alterations in the neuroendocrine system.Modulating the gut-brain axis,for example,through a ketogenic diet,the use of probiotics,and the supplementation of antioxidants,offers new remedial approaches for obesity and depression.Future research that explores the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis is needed to provide more evidence for clinical treatment.

Effect of esketamine on reducing postpartum pain and depression

In this editorial,we comment on a recent article by Chen et al,that addressed the effect of intraoperative injection of esketamine on postoperative analgesia and postoperative rehabilitation after cesarean section.Poor management of postcesarean pain is associated with decreased maternal care for the baby,longer hospitalization,and higher risk of developing postpartum depression.Esketamine is a more potent S-enantiomer of ketamine which has shown promising analgesic and antidepressant properties for managing post-cesarean pain and depression in clinical studies.However,due to its potential adverse effects on the neurological and hemodynamic status of patients,it is recommended that its usage in low doses should be limited to cesarean candidates experiencing unbearable pain.Before any recommendation for routine perioperative use of esketamine,more standardized clinical trials are needed to strengthen our existing knowledge of its effectiveness in reducing postpartum pain and depression.

Clinical value of combining epirubicin with mindfulness intervention in patients with urinary system tumors and depression

BACKGROUND Urinary system tumors often cause negative psychological symptoms,such as depression and dysphoria which significantly impact immune function and indirectly affect cancer prognosis.While epirubicin(EPI)is recommended by the European Association of Urology and can improve prognosis,its long-term use can cause toxic side effects,reduce treatment compliance,and increase psycho-logical burden.Therefore,an appropriate intervention mode is necessary.METHODS This was a retrospective study including 110 patients with urinary system tumors and depression admitted to Zhumadian Central Hospital between March 2021 and July 2023.Patients were divided into conventional(n=55)and joint inter-vention(n=55)groups.The conventional group received mitomycin and routine nursing,while the joint intervention group received EPI and mindfulness intervention.Both groups underwent three cycles of chemotherapy.Immune function(CD4+cells,CD8+cells,CD4+/CD8+ratio),tumor marker levels[urinary bladder cancer antigen(UBC),bladder tumor antigen(BTA)and nuclear matrix protein 22(NMP22)],quality of life questionnaire-core 30(QLQ-C30),17-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17),and cancer-related fatigue[cancer fatigue scale(CFS)]were assessed.Adverse reactions and nursing satisfaction were recorded and evaluated.RESULTS Post-intervention,CD4+,CD8+,and CD4+/CD8+levels increased in both groups,with the joint intervention group showing more significant improvement(P<0.05).Tumor marker levels(NMP22,BTA,and UBC)were lower in the joint intervention group compared to the conventional group(P<0.05).The joint intervention group also showed a greater reduction in HAMD-17 scores(9.38±3.12 vs 15.45±4.86,P<0.05),higher QLQ-C30 scores,and lower CFS scores(both P<0.05).Additionally,the joint intervention group had a lower incidence of adverse reactions and higher nursing satisfaction(P<0.05).CONCLUSION EPI combined with mindfulness intervention significantly improved clinical outcomes in patients with urinary system tumors and depression and is worthy of clinical application.