Chemical derivatization strategies for enhancing the HPLC analytical performance of natural active triterpenoids

Triterpenoids widely exist in nature,displaying a variety of pharmacological activities.Determining triterpenoids in different matrices,especially in biological samples holds great significance.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)has become the predominant method for triterpenoids analysis due to its exceptional analytical performance.However,due to the structural similarities among botanical samples,achieving effective separation of each triterpenoid proves challenging,necessitating significant improvements in analytical methods.Additionally,triterpenoids are characterized by a lack of ultraviolet(UV)absorption groups and chromophores,along with low ionization efficiency in mass spectrometry.Consequently,routine HPLC analysis suffers from poor sensitivity.Chemical derivatization emerges as an indispensable technique in HPLC analysis to enhance its performance.Considering the structural characteristics of triterpenoids,various derivatization reagents such as acid chlorides,rhodamines,isocyanates,sulfonic esters,and amines have been employed for the derivatization analysis of triterpenoids.This review comprehensively summarized the research progress made in derivatization strategies for HPLC detection of triterpenoids.Moreover,the limitations and challenges encountered in previous studies are discussed,and future research directions are proposed to develop more effective derivatization methods.

DMMIC derivatization-assisted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for metabolite profiling of the glutathione anabolic pathway in esophageal cancer tissues and cells

In this work,a new pyrylium derivatization-assisted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was developed for metabolite profiling of the glutathione anabolic pathway(GAP)in cancer tissues and cells.The pyrylium salt of 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl isochromenylium tetrafluoroborate(DMMIC)was used to label the amino group of metabolites,and a reductant of dithiothreitol(DTT)was employed to stabilize the thiol group.By combining DMMIC derivatization with LC-MS,it was feasible to quantify the 13 main metabolites on the GAP in complex biological samples,which had good linearity(R^(2)=0.99810.9999),precision(interday precision of 1.6%e19.0%and intraday precision of 1.4%e19.8%)and accuracy(83.4%-115.7%).Moreover,the recovery assessments in tissues(82.5%e107.3%)and in cells(98.1%e118.9%)with GSH-^(13)C2,^(15)N,and Cys-^(15)N demonstrated the reliability of the method in detecting tissues and cells.Following a methodological evaluation,the method was applied successfully to investigate difference in the GAP between the carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and the effect of p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde(CMSP)on the GAP in KYSE150 esophageal cancer cells.The results demonstrate that the developed method provides a promising new tool to elucidate the roles of GAP in physiological and pathological processes,which can contribute to research on drugs and diseases.

Polarity-regulated derivatization-assisted LC-MS method for amino-containing metabolites profiling in gastric cancer

Amino-containing compounds,including amino acids,aliphatic amines,aromatic amines,small peptides and catecholamines,are involved in various biological processes and play vital roles in multiple metabolic pathways.Previous studies indicated that some amino-containing metabolites are significant diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of gastric cancer.However,the discovery of precise biomarkers for the preoperative diagnosis of gastric cancer is still in an urgent need.Herein,we established a polarityregulated derivatization method coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)for amino-containing metabolites profiling in the serum samples of patients with gastric cancer and healthy controls,based on our newly designed and synthesized derivatization reagent(S)-3-(1-(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester(3-DP-NHS).Enhanced separation efficiency and detection sensitivity for amino-containing metabolites were achieved after derivatization.This method exhibited good linearity,recovery,intra-and inter-day precision and accuracy.Only 5 mL serum is needed for untargeted analysis,enabling 202 amino-containing metabolites to be detected.Statistical analysis revealed altered amino acid metabolisms in patients with gastric cancer.Furthermore,ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(UHPLCMS/MS)analysis quantification revealed increased serum levels of tryptamine and decreased concentrations of arginine and tryptophan in patients with gastric cancer.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves indicated that an increased tryptamine/tryptophan ratio could serve as a potential biomarker for gastric cancer diagnosis.This study demostrated the possibility of using serum amino acid biomarkers for gastric cancer diagnosis,providing new avenues for the treatment of gastric cancer.

离子色谱法检测水质中微量甘油

建立了离子色谱法测定水质中微量甘油的方法。在酸性条件下,使用高碘酸钠将甘油定量氧化成甲酸,再通过离子色谱法定量检测甲酸根含量,从而折算得到甘油准确含量。甘油衍生化样品用20 mmol/L KOH洗脱液淋洗,淋洗流量为1.0 mL/min, Dionex IonPac AS15阴离子交换色谱柱分离,抑制型电导检测器检测。衍生化后的甲酸根检出限为0.015 mg/L,对水质样品衍生化后的甲酸根离子在0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0 mg/L加标水平的回收率为96.26%~99.68%,该方法的相对标准偏差为0.39%。结果表明,该方法前处理条件温和、反应速度快、副产物少、灵敏度高、准确度高、重复性好,适用于水质中微量甘油含量的检测。

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定巴戟天中氨基酸含量及营养价值评价

建立柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定巴戟天中氨基酸含量,采用氨基酸比值系数法评价其营养价值。采用盐酸水解法制得巴戟天氨基酸供试品溶液,以异硫氰酸苯酯和三乙胺为柱前衍生化试剂,采用高效液相色谱法,使用Ultimate Amino Acid色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)以0.1 mol/L无水乙酸钠-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱温40℃,检测波长为254 nm,测定氨基酸含量;通过氨基酸比值、氨基酸比值系数、氨基酸比值系数分等评价其营养价值,并采用系统聚类和主成分分析对其进行分类分析。结果表明,15种氨基酸线性关系良好,相关系数r≥0.9996。16份巴戟天氨基酸总含量为17.87~102.15 mg/g,均检测到15种氨基酸,其中包含6种必需氨基酸,占总氨基酸含量的14.15%~32.06%;8种药用氨基酸,占总氨基酸含量的45.20%~56.31%。限制氨基酸为苏氨酸和亮氨酸,氨基酸比值系数分为33.87~61.31。不同巴戟天样品氨基酸组成相关性显著;主成分分析提取2个主成分,累计方差贡献率为97.085%,可将16批巴戟天分为三类。该实验测定方法简单有效,可同时分离测定15种氨基酸,精密度与重复性良好,有较高的药用价值,可为巴戟天的品质分析和资源开发利用提供参考。

柱前衍生-气相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定茯苓中的可溶性糖与三萜酸

[目的]通过建立柱前衍生-气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法实现茯苓(Poria cocos)各成分的快速高效分离检测,为茯苓有效成分的分析提供新方法并为茯苓原料品质判断提供参考.[方法]采用超声辅助提取法,以反油酸为内标物,甲氧胺(MOX)和N-甲基-N-(三甲基硅烷)三氟乙酰胺[含1%(质量分数)三甲基氯硅烷](MSTFA+1%TMCS)为肟化-硅烷化衍生试剂,采用GC-MS同时检测茯苓中的果糖、葡萄糖、海藻糖、阿拉伯糖醇、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、茯苓酸、茯苓新酸A和茯苓新酸B.[结果]优化后的衍生条件为:200μL茯苓的甲醇提取液氮气吹干后,加入50μL MOX,于40℃反应2 h,然后加入250μL(MSTFA+1%TMCS),于40℃下反应30 min.衍生后的目标化合物在40 min内完成分离分析,线性关系良好,相关系数均在0.9935以上,该方法的定量限为0.008~1.000μg/mL,检测限为0.003~0.300μg/mL.茯苓样品加标回收率为82.0%~122.4%,相对标准偏差为1.05%~4.43%.[结论]本方法样品用量少,结果稳定且灵敏度高,可用于检测茯苓样品中可溶性糖和微量的三萜酸类化合物,同时也为检测其他样品中的三萜酸类化合物提供更多的选择.

AQC柱前衍生高效液相色谱方法测定康复新液中游离氨基酸和总肽的含量

目的应用6-氨基喹啉基-N-羟基琥珀酰亚氨基氨基甲酸酯(AQC)柱前衍生化技术,建立康复新液中游离氨基酸和总肽的高效液相色谱(HPLC)含量测定方法,并以总肽含量为指标对市售样品进行检测。方法以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂(Kromasil 100-5 C18色谱柱);60%乙腈(A)-0.14 mol·L^(-1)三水合乙酸钠溶液,用磷酸调节pH值至5.0(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱;柱温:39℃;流速:1.0 mL·min^(-1),检测波长:248 nm。结果14种氨基酸均能达到良好的分离效果;门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、组氨酸、甘氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸分别在2.0~99.7、3.4~168.5、2.8~139.6、4.0~201.4、4.8~238.1、6.7~336.9、3.3~167.5、9.7~487.3、4.1~202.5、4.4~221.6、5.4~270.5、3.3~166.8、4.8~240.8、4.7~236.6μg·mL^(-1)范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r=0.9995~1.0000);游离氨基酸的平均加样回收率(n=6)为86.8%~108.1%,RSD为2.8%~4.4%,总肽酸水解氨基酸的平均加样回收率(n=6)为83.2%~102.7%,RSD为0.1%~3.1%;仪器精密度、重复性、稳定性实验的RSD均小于5.0%。结论该方法与现行质量标准的紫外分光光度法比较,二者测定的总氨基酸含量结果基本一致,但前者的专属性、重现性更优;以具有生物活性的总肽为质控指标,针对性更强,可为康复新液的质量评价提供更科学、合理的方法。

丹磺酰肼衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测器法测定水中痕量3-羟基丙醛

提出了丹磺酰肼衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测器法测定水中痕量3-羟基丙醛(3-HPA)的方法。将1.0 g水样、2.0 mL含200 mg·L^(-1)丹磺酰肼的乙腈溶液、1.0 mL 3.0%(体积分数)乙酸溶液混合,再用乙腈定容至50 mL,于40℃衍生反应30 min。以Agilent Eclipse Plus C_(18)色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的乙腈-0.10%(质量分数)七氟丁酸溶液的混合溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用荧光检测器测定。结果表明:衍生试剂丹磺酰肼与3-HPA衍生物在20 min内可实现基线分离;3-HPA的质量浓度在7.6~380.0μg·L^(-1)内与衍生物的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为1.1μg·L^(-1);方法用于实际水样分析,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.71%,3-HPA的加标回收率为98.0%~102%。

硅烷衍生化GC-MS检测香精中糖类物质成分

建立了基于硅烷衍生化气相色谱-质谱联用法快速检测香精中17种糖类物质的方法。结果表明:衍生化的最佳条件为以BSTFA为衍生化试剂、衍生化温度40℃、衍生化时间40 min,在此条件下共鉴定出17种糖类物质。17种糖类物质在一定质量浓度内具有良好的线性关系(R^(2)>0.99)。方法的检出限为0.027~0.077μg/mL,加标回收率为94.80%~110.03%,相对标准偏差为3.03%~8.06%。实际样品测定结果表明,建立的方法能够快速准确地检测香精中17种糖类物质成分,满足对香精中糖类物质的同时检测。

柱前衍生高效液相荧光检测法测定复方氨基酸注射液中甲硫氨酸亚砜的含量

目的建立测定复方氨基酸注射液中甲硫氨酸亚砜质量分数的高效液相色谱法。方法采用柱前衍生HPLCFLD法,色谱柱为Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,2.7μm)或效能相当的色谱柱,以乙酸钠四氢呋喃溶液为流动相A,乙酸钠溶液-乙腈-甲醇(体积比20∶40∶40)为流动相B,流速为1.0 mL/min,采用荧光检测器,激发波长为233 nm,发射波长为441 nm。结果甲硫氨酸亚砜质量浓度在0.02605~2.605μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9996),检测限为1.3×10^(-3)ng,平均回收率为100.1%,RSD为0.3%。结论建立的方法操作简单、准确、灵敏度高,适用于复方氨基酸注射液中甲硫氨酸亚砜的测定。

市售酱油产品生物胺含量的检测与食用安全性分析

为了揭示酱油中生物胺存在种类和水平,该研究采用丹磺酰氯柱前衍生结合高效液相色谱法对我国市售的9个品牌57种(生抽41种和老抽16种)酱油中的生物胺含量进行了分析。结果表明,酱油中苯乙胺、腐胺、组胺、酪胺是我国市售酱油中的主要生物胺成分。生抽酱油中的总胺大部分在127.86~1273.40 mg/L,其中组胺和酪胺的含量范围分别在10.82~368.91 mg/L和0~582.77 mg/L之间。老抽酱油中总生物胺的含量分布范围为200.54~904.61 mg/L,组胺与酪胺的含量范围分别为35.07~302.35 mg/L和38.75~479.61 mg/L。风险评估分析结果表明,生抽和老抽酱油中组胺和酪胺的急性风险指数H分别为7.69%、1.99%和2.10%、0.55%,均远低于100%,且两者的慢性风险指数E值较小,范围在0.15%~1.65%之间。另外,生抽和老抽的食品安全指数(IFS)在0.001~0.016之间,远低于1。该研究表明由食用酱油中引入的组胺和酪胺对人体健康无明显的负面危害,我国市售酱油食用安全性相对较高。

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中16种氨基酸的含量

提出了2,4-二硝基氟苯(DNFB)柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中甘氨酸、亮氨酸、组氨酸、缬氨酸、甲硫氨酸、脯氨酸、半胱氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸、异亮氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丙氨酸等16种氨基酸含量的方法。取化妆品样品5 g置于50 mL离心管中,加入5 mL水,超声10 min,加热煮沸15 min,冷却后加入15 mL 35 g·L^(−1)磺基水杨酸溶液,以转速10500 r·min^(−1)离心20 min。取全部上清液,用35 g·L^(−1)磺基水杨酸溶液定容至25 mL。取1 mL样品溶液,加入0.5 mol·L^(−1)碳酸氢钠溶液(pH 9.0)1 mL和1%(体积分数)DNFB衍生溶液1 mL,混匀,于60℃加热10 min,冷却后用0.01 mol·L^(−1)磷酸二氢钾溶液(pH 7.0)定容至5 mL,所得溶液中16种氨基酸经X Bridge C_(18)色谱柱分离,以不同体积比的含1%(体积分数)N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的0.05 mol·L^(−1)乙酸钠缓冲液(pH 6.5)-体积比1∶1的乙腈-水混合溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在360 nm处检测。结果表明:16种氨基酸标准曲线的线性范围均为0.004~40.0 mg·L^(−1),检出限(3S/N)为0.1~0.2 mg·kg^(−1);对空白样品进行3个浓度水平的加标回收试验,回收率为89.0%~105%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)均不大于10%。方法用于11种市售化妆品分析,检出的氨基酸成分多为组氨酸、甘氨酸、甲硫氨酸、谷氨酸。

OPA柱前衍生化HPLC同时测定川红工夫红茶20种氨基酸含量

建立在线柱前衍生液相色谱法同时测定不同品种川红工夫红茶中的20种氨基酸含量,并评价其与滋味品质相关性。以邻苯二甲醛(OPA)为衍生试剂,利用液相色谱仪的自动进样器进行柱前衍生,采用Hypersil BDS C 18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,3μm),以0.016 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=8.2)与甲醇-乙腈-水(4.5∶4.5∶1,V∶V∶V)组成流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温50℃,荧光检测器激发波长340 nm、发射波长450 nm;通过相关分析,比较不同滋味属性氨基酸含量与红茶滋味的相关性。结果表明:20种氨基酸在0.195~2.584μg/mL的范围内与各自峰面积呈良好的线性关系,其相关系数为0.9954~0.9999,检测限为0.006~0.036μg/mL,定量限为0.020~0.184μg/mL,加标回收率为90.40%~99.13%;除四川群体种红茶和梅占红茶中未检出组氨酸外,其余氨基酸均在5个品种红茶中检出,氨基酸总量27.33~65.29 mg/g之间,其中含量最高的是黄金芽红茶,氨基酸组分中,含量最高的是茶氨酸,然后是天冬氨酸和谷氨酸;红茶中的鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸、氨基酸总量与红茶的鲜味、甜味和综合滋味评分呈显著或极显著正相关,对红茶滋味的鲜爽度和浓强度起着重要作用。采用OPA柱前衍生反相液相色谱荧光法检测氨基酸组分精密度和回收率高,具有成本低、快速、准确的特点,可用于红茶中20种氨基酸组分的快速测定。

Analysis of Monosaccharide Composition of Pu-erh Tea Polysaccaride by Pre-column Derivatization HPLC

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a pre-column derivatization HPLC method for the identification and analysis of monosaccharide composition of Pu-erh tea polysaccharide. [Method] Pu-erh tea polysaccharide was extracted using the wa- ter extraction method, further isolated and purified by DEAE cellulose-52 columns. The obtained tea polysaccharide and four components TPS1, TPS2, TPS3 and TPS, were first derived by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone （PMP）, and then the PMP derivatives of monosaccharide were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatog- raphy （HPLC）. [Result] Pu-erh tea polysaccharide contained eight kinds of monosac- chaddes （mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, grucose, galactose, arabinose, fucose）, without xylose; so it was the same with TPS1; each of TPS2, TPS3 and TPS4 contained seven monosaccharides, while no fucose. [Conclusion] This method is simplified and rapid, which can be used to determine the monosac- charide composition of Pu-erh tea polysaccharide and monosaccharide content.

柱前衍生/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定氨基酸工业品中26种游离手性氨基酸含量

采用柱前衍生/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定氨基酸工业品中26种游离手性氨基酸含量。样品经0.1 mol/L HCl溶液溶解提取后,在碱性条件下与Marfey试剂进行衍生化反应,使用Phe⁃nomenex Kinetex F5(250 mm×5 mm,4.6μm)色谱柱,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱分析采用电喷雾离子源负离子(ESI-)模式和多反应监测(MRM)模式。结果表明,各氨基酸衍生物之间的分离度良好,26种手性氨基酸的质量浓度在一定范围内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数(r^(2))不小于0.9940,定量下限为0.5~12.5 ng/mL,加标回收率为80.3%~118%,相对标准偏差为0.47%~9.8%。应用该方法对180个工业样品进行检测,在L-型氨基酸纯品试剂、L-型稳定同位素标记氨基酸内标试剂、单品L-型氨基酸原料及复合氨基酸原料粉中均检出D-氨基酸。该研究首次评估了国内相关工业产品中手性氨基酸的质量状况,发现复合氨基酸原料需加强手性构型的监测管理,并深入分析了利用相关氨基酸纯品试剂作为标准物质或同位素内标时,对食品、环境、化工、医药等领域样品检测结果准确性可能造成的影响。该方法可为科研试剂、生物制药、化工食品和营养健康等领域提供质量管理和健康评测的有效技术手段。

Determination of Sulphonylurea Glimepiride in Dog Serum by RP-HPLC with Pre-column Derivatization

Aim A simple, sensitive and rapid RP HPLC method with pre column derivatization has been developed for the determination of sulphonylurea glimepiride in dog serum. Methods The sulphonylurea glimepiride was extracted from the dog serum using dichlromethane followed by derivatization with DNBF for 20 min at 100℃. The solvent was then evaporated at 60℃ under nitrogen, and the residue was taken up in 100 μL of mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile water (75∶30, v/v). The separation was performed on a Hypersil BDS C18 column with a flow rate of 0 8 mL·min -1 , and the ultraviolet detector wavelength was set at 350 nm. Results Extraction recovery ranged from 75.9% to 83.2%, and methodological recovery was between 96.5% and 109.3%. Within day RSD ranged from 1.5% to 6.3%, and inter day RSD was between 2 9% and 14.8%. The method showed good linearity (R=0.9998). Conclusion The method was simple, convenient and sensitive. The reaction of derivatization was reproducible.

瓜蒌皮注射液及其中间体中17种氨基酸含量测定及其变化规律研究

目的测定瓜蒌皮注射液及其中间体中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、瓜氨酸、精氨酸、丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、异亮氨酸、鸟氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、脯氨酸的含量,并分析其变化规律。方法OPA-FMOC在线衍生化分析采用Waters XBridge C_(18)色谱柱(4.6 mm×100 mm,3.5μm);流动相磷酸盐缓冲液-[甲醇-乙腈-水(45∶45∶10)],梯度洗脱;体积流量1 mL/min;柱温45℃;检测波长262、338 nm。主成分分析、热图分析对10道工序相应中间体的6批样品进行化学模式识别。结果17种氨基酸在各自范围内线性关系良好(R^(2)>0.9980),平均加样回收率83.4%~119.5%,RSD 0.91%~7.94%。相同工序不同批次样品较聚集,不同工序相应中间体聚为3组。醇沉和阳离子交换柱对氨基酸组成影响最大。结论本实验可为瓜蒌皮注射液质量控制的关键因素提供重要参考,以保证终产品的稳定性和均一性。

A Pre-column Derivatization HPLC Method for the De-termination of Peimine and Peiminine in Bulbus Fritillar-iae

A pre-column derivatization HPLC method for the determination of peimine(P)and peiminine(PE)in Bulbus Fritillariae has been developed. Under the derivatization conditions optimized,the calibration curve is Y1=-3.83×103+1.33 ×105X1,r=0.998 for P and Y2=-7.86 × 102+6.33 × 104X2,r=0995 for PE,where Y is the peak area and X is the weight of the alkaloid; the average recovery is 98.0%(n=5, RSD=2.1%) for P and 101.0%(n=5,RSD=4.1%)for PE,the linear range is from 0.504 μg to 3.126μg for P and from 0.520μgto 3.328μgfor PE,respectively. Results of the determination of the two alkaloids in several samples of different Fritillaria species from various parts ofthe country are presented.The results suggest that P and PE are two major chemical constituents in bulbs of different Fritillaria species,and that the method developed is generally appli-cable to the determination of the hydroxy group on aliphatic fused ring systems without steric hin-drance.

生牛乳中游离寡糖的提取工艺优化

为提取生牛乳中游离寡糖,并且排除乳中蛋白质和乳糖的干扰,利用乙腈在不同提取条件(反应时间、相对离心力、反应温度和料液比)下去除蛋白质沉淀并提取总糖,并通过优化Sep-Pak C18固相柱和石墨碳柱条件对游离寡糖进行富集、纯化,减少乳糖的干扰,利用高效液相色谱法测定乳糖去除率。结果显示,生牛乳中寡糖最佳提取条件为反应时间2.5 h,相对离心力4 000×g,反应温度-1℃,料液比1∶2(g/mL)。在该提取条件下,蛋白质去除率为93.5%,总糖含量为48.42 mg/mL。利用4%乙腈(含0.1%三氟乙酸)冲洗石墨碳柱可将游离寡糖样品中大部分乳糖去除,乳糖去除率达98.91%。

高效液相色谱联合2,2′-二硫二吡啶衍生反应测定人血清不同类型游离巯基及其与冠心病的关系分析

游离巯基对于心血管疾病的诊断和治疗具有潜在的临床预示价值,本研究建立了一种基于2,2′-二硫二吡啶衍生反应的高效液相色谱测定人血清游离巯基的分析方法,能够同时获得人血清中总游离巯基(Total-SH)、小分子化合物形态游离巯基(LMM-SH)、蛋白质形态游离巯基(P-SH)三者的含量。选用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相,在1 mL/min的流速下进行梯度洗脱,5 min内可实现良好的色谱峰基线分离,其中2-硫代吡啶酮色谱峰代表血清样本中总游离巯基含量,吡啶二硫衍生物色谱峰代表小分子化合物形态游离巯基含量,二者差值为蛋白质形态游离巯基含量。本研究对衍生反应条件进行了优化,并进行了方法学验证,结果表明,该方法线性关系良好,相关系数≥0.9994,线性范围为31.25~1000μmol/L,Total-SH和LMM-SH的检出限分别为2.61μmol/L和0.50μmol/L,定量限分别为8.71μmol/L和1.67μmol/L;加标回收率为91.1%~106.0%,日内精密度和日间精密度为0.4%~9.1%。使用本方法测定了714名志愿者的血清样本,总游离巯基浓度为376.60~781.12μmol/L,平均浓度为555.62μmol/L;小分子化合物形态游离巯基的浓度为36.37~231.65μmol/L,平均浓度为82.34μmol/L;蛋白质游离巯基浓度为288.36~687.74μmol/L,平均浓度为473.27μmol/L。Spearman相关性检验分析发现,血清游离巯基浓度与冠心病严重程度及常见临床生化指标存在密切关联。本研究提供了一种简便可靠的血清游离巯基分析方法,探索了其与冠心病的关系,为冠心病风险相关标志物的研究提供了新的参考指标。