Renewable and Green Energy, Africa’s Pathway to Sustainable Development;Harnessing the Continent’s Natural Energy Sources

Renewable energy includes all forms of energy produced from renewable sources in a sustainable manner, including bioenergy, geothermal energy, hydropower, ocean energy, solar energy, and wind energy. Less than one quarter of Africa’s renewable power generation potential is utilized. Africa’s natural endowments are enormous, yet the continent experiences high energy shortage. Amongst the classifications of energy sources, renewable and green energy sources are increasingly gaining popularity due to their sustainable nature and environmental concerns. This paper explores the continent’s natural energy sources and identifies pathways to sustainable development. The paper also narrows the renewable and green energy sources obtainable on the continent and presents their contribution to the development of the continent. The awareness level of Africans towards renewable energy is discussed and the challenges of renewable and green energy sources are highlighted. Finally, the roles to be played by the government and private organizations in the development of renewable and green energy sources in Africa are discussed.

两参数Harnesses和广义Brown单

采用不同于M.Dozzi的方法讨论了广义Brown单的Harnesses,并给出其局部鞅刻划.通过推广张润楚提出的两参数过程的B-Harnesses定义,得到了具有连续轨道和平方可积过程的这种Harnesses对广义Brown单的表征。

Physics-based Modeling and Simulation for Motional Cable Harness Design

The design work of motional cable in products is vital due to the difficulty in estimating the potential issues in current researches.In this paper,a physics-based modeling and simulation method for the motional cable harness design is presented.The model,based on continuum mechanics,is established by analyzing the force of microelement in equilibrium.During the analysis procedure,three coordinate systems：inertial,Frenet and main-axis coordinate systems are used.By variable substitution and dimensionless processing,the equation set is discretized by differential quadrature method and subsequently becomes an overdetermined nonlinear equation set with boundary conditions solved by Levenberg-Marquardt method.With the profile of motional cable harness obtained from the integral of arithmetic solution,a motion simulation system based on＂path＂and＂profile＂as well as the experimental equipments is built.Using the same parameters as input for the simulation and the real cable harness correspondingly,the issue in designing,such as collision,can be easily found by the simulation system.This research obtains a better result which has no potential collisions by redesign,and the proposed method can be used as an accurate and efficient way in motional cable harness design work.

台湾股票市场harness事件的统计分布

通过把复杂网络的最新统计工具harness统计应用到股票市场数据分析中,分析了2006～2009年4年间台湾股票价格浮动的统计行为.通过分析涨、跌harness事件的互补累积分布,结果表明台湾股票价格浮动的harness事件表现出指数分布性质,这间接说明以历史数据为基础的单一股票演化趋势是难以预测的.

Dynamic Simulation and Disturbance Torque Analyzing of Motional Cable Harness Based on Kirchhoff Rod Model

The motional payloads on stabilized platform must be linked by some cable harnesses with other immobile apparatus.During the operation of stabilized platform,these cable harnesses can create spring disturbance torque which is exerted on the stabilized platform and then reduce the stabilizing precision.None of current studies can deal with the spring disturbance torque problem.To analyze the spring disturbance toque,a dynamic thin rod model is presented for simulating the motional cable harness which is based on the Kirchhoff rod theorem and can consider the geometrically non-linear effects.The internal bending and torsion restoring torques are simulated and then a predictive analysis of the disturbance torque can be performed in motional cable routing design.This model is solved with differential quadrature method（DQM）.By using zeros of the Chebyshev polynomial as the grid points,the arc-coordinate is discretized to obtain a set of ordinary differential equations in time domain which is solved by implied method to obtain the profile and internal force of cable harness.The accuracy of this model is validated by comparing the simulation results and the experiment results（both the spring force and the deformed profile of the motional cable harness）.In the experiment,a special optical measuring instrument based on binocular vision is developed.The comparison of experimental and simulated results shows that the simulation model can represent the real motional cable harness well,and the spring disturbance force simulation results are precise enough for spring disturbance torque analysis.This study will be helpful to obtain an optimized motional cable harness layout design with small spring disturbance torque.

A comparative evaluation of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from harness racing-horses,breeding mares and riding-horses in Italy

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci(MRS)which is a potencial risk factor of transmission between animals and humans in different types of horses(harness racing-horses,breeding mares and riding-horses)and to compare the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates.Methods:A total of 191 healthy horses,housed at different locations of the Campania Region(Italy),were included in the study.Nasal swab samples were collected from each nostril of the horses.The mecA gene was detected by a nested PCR technique.Antibiotic susceptibility was tested for each isolate.Results:MRS was isolated from nasal samples of 68/191(35.6%;95%CI:28.9%-42.9%)healthy horses.All isolates were coagulase-negative with the exception of two coagulase-positive MRS strains,identified as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.2/83(2.4%;95%,CI:0.4%-9.2%).Interestingly,both coagulase-positive MRS isolates were from harness racing-horses.These horses also presented a significantly higher positivity for MRS(53.3%;95%CI:40.1%-66.1%)than the breeding mares and riding-horses groups.Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed difference between isolates due to different origins except for an almost common high resistance to aminopenicillins,such as ampicillin and amoxicillin.Conclusions:It can be concluded that harness racing-horses may act as a significant reservoir of MRS as compared to breeding mares and riding-horses.

基于Warping Harness的半主动光学技术发展研究

半主动光学支撑是介于主被动支撑之间的一种调节镜面低频误差并提升支撑系统建造性价比的技术,本文回顾了该技术在地基大口径望远镜中的应用,陈述了其发展历程并总结三种Warping Harness结构形式及工作原理。分析并总结空间、球载、机载领域典型型号望远镜主镜系统结构参数及主镜面误差源,简单描述了船载、车载光电设备的结构组成和工作状态,分析了车、船载光电设备主镜面形影响因素。对基于Warping Harness的半主动光学技术在空间、球载、机载大口径望远镜和车载、船载大口径光电设备等领域拓展性开展了分析。最后对未来国内应用于大口径望远镜的半主动光学支撑进行了展望。

基于EPLAN Harness proD的电气柜布线工艺设计研究

本文从传统电气柜的布线工艺设计和生产现状出发,讲述如何利用EPLAN Harness proD进行柜内布线工艺三维数字化设计,并阐述了基于EPLAN Harness proD软件下,新的布线工艺设计和生产流程。

Multi-Branch Cable Harness Layout Design Based on Genetic Algorithm with Probabilistic Roadmap Method

Current studies on cable harness layouts have mainly focused on cable harness route planning.However,the topological structure of a cable harness is also extremely complex,and the branch structure of the cable harness can affect the route of the cable harness layout.The topological structure design of the cable harness is a key to such a layout.In this paper,a novel multi-branch cable harness layout design method is presented,which unites the probabilistic roadmap method(PRM)and the genetic algorithm.First,the engineering constraints of the cable harness layout are presented.An obstacle-based PRM used to construct non-interference and near to the surface roadmap is then described.In addition,a new genetic algorithm is proposed,and the algorithm structure of which is redesigned.In addition,the operation probability formula related to fitness is proposed to promote the efficiency of the branch structure design of the cable harness.A prototype system of a cable harness layout design was developed based on the method described in this study,and the method is applied to two scenarios to verify that a quality cable harness layout can be efficiently obtained using the proposed method.In summary,the cable harness layout design method described in this study can be used to quickly design a reasonable topological structure of a cable harness and to search for the corresponding routes of such a harness.

Capital Harness XC线束设计软件的应用

Capital Harness XC是Captial Harness System(CHS)软件中一个设计模块,本文介绍了Capital Harness XC线束设计模块的应用,及以Capital Harness XC在设计流程中的作用和使用过程中应注意的事项,使读者能够理解Capital Harness XC在汽车设计中的操作应用方法。同时指出其在设计过程中的优点及在实际汽车领域中的意义。

A New Design of Dynamic Priority Planning on CAN for Wire Harness Assembly Machine

The specific features of the CAN bus is analyzed and the functional performances in the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus system of Wire Harness Assembly Machine (WHAM) is discussed. A reasonable definition of application layer which is not defined in the CAN specification is given for the control system of WHAM. So application layer planning of CAN bus for dynamic priority is presented. With the mechanism of dynamic priority,it becomes easily to find out the error nodes in the CAN bus system of WHAM and realize multi-mode operation.

基于CATIA Harness模块的汽车线束3D设计

国内众多主机厂和设计公司多使用CATIA软件中的Harness模块进行汽车线束布线,其特点是操作方便、简单、快捷,并能得到线束空间走向和尺寸。本文以CATIA软件中的Harness模块为依托,通过对线束插件、扎带、卡钉等零部件的电气属性进行定义和编辑,以及线束主干和分支数据的3D布线,提高汽车线束3D设计效率。

Cable Harness Assembly Planning in Virtual Environment

Based on the analysis of characteristic of cable harness planning in virtual environment,a discrete control node modeling (DCNM) method of cable harness in virtual environment and the cable harness assembly routing technique based on it are proposed. DCNM converts a cable harness into continuous flexed line segments connected by a series of section center points,and the design can realize cable harness planning through controlling those control nodes. This method of cable harness routing in the virtual environment breaks the status that virtual assembly process planning is just suitable for the rigid components at present,and impulse the virtual assembly process planning to be more practical. Relation algorithms have been verified in a self-developed system named virtual cable harness assembly planning (VCHAP) system,and this VCHAP system has been applied in assembly process planning of aerospace-related products.

多重分形视角下的HAR-SMFV模型及其预测研究

考虑日间波动的多重分形性、时变性及异方差性,构建了HAR-HV、HAR-FV、HAR-BSMFV和HAR-TSMFV模型,评价并比较了这4种HAR族模型的拟合优度和预测精度。实证结果和MCS检验证实,引入马尔可夫转换多重分形波动的HAR-SMFV类模型的预测能力显著提高且结果具有稳健性,其中HAR-TSMFV模型不仅刻画了日间波动的时变性和异方差性,而且捕捉了3种多重分形波动之间的转换,表现出最高的预测精度。

A new technology for harnessing the dye polluted water and dye collection in a chemical factory

A new technology for harnessing the dye polluted water and dye collection was developed. It is based on the enhanced evaporation by using solar, wind and air temperature energy and additional heat-electric energy. It consists of four parts: (1) evaporation carrier system (evaporation carrier and frame for evaporation carrier) for polluted water; (2)polluted water circulating system (pumping-spraying-collecting); (3)heating system; (4)workshop with polluted water reservoir-tanks and rainfall prevention roof. The polluted water was (heated in case necessary) sprayed to the evaporation carrier system and the water was evaporated when it moved in the space and downward along the carrier mainly by using natural (solar, wind and air temperature energy). In case, when there is no roof for the carrier system, the polluted water can be stored in the reservoirs (storage volume for about 20 days). The first 10-25 mm rainfall also need to be stored in the reservoirs to meet the state standard or discharging wastewater. The dye may be collected at the surface in the reservoir-tanks and the crystallized salt may be collected at the bottom plate. The black-color wastewater released by the factory is no more discharged to the surface water system of Taihu Lake Basin. About 2 kg dye and 200 kg industrial salt may be collected from each tone of the polluted water. The non-pollution production of dye may be realized by using this technology with environmental, economical and social benefits.

Algorithm of automatic generation of technology process and process relations of automotive wiring harnesses

Identifying each process and their constraint relations from the complex wiring harness drawings quickly and accurately is the basis for formulating process routes. According to the knowledge of automotive wiring harness and the characteristics of wiring harness components, we established the model of wiring harness graph. Then we research the algorithm of identifying technology processes automatically, finally we describe the relationships between processes by introducing the constraint matrix, which is in or- der to lay a good foundation for harness process planning and production scheduling.

Research on engineering-oriented constraints conflict detection in collaborative design of wire harness technology

Engineering-oriented constraint of harness technology has much information and project information presents progressive changes along with the design. Therefore, how to handle conflict resolution quickly is a problem to be solved. Process model of con- flict detection is put forward according to characteristics of harness technology design engineering-oriented constraint, and then two problems of how to conduct conflict positioning and judgment of constraint rules are introduced in this paper. Afterwards in this pa- per, constraint information directed acyclic graph is established by classified project constraint information to solve the conflict posi- tioning problem; solution of constraint satisfaction problem is applied to realize judgment problem of constraint rules. Finally, exam- ple is used to analyze the method in this paper to further verify the correctness and effectiveness of this method.

Effect comparison of knee-chest elastic bandage fixation and Pavlik harness fixation on the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in newborns

Objective:To study and analyze the clinical efficacy of fixation of the elastic bandage of immobilization of knee-chest position and Pavlik harness fixation in the treatment of neonatal femoral shaft fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted from May 2010 to March 2017 with a total of 37 cases of femoral shaft fracture of the newborn.Among them,17 newborns with femur shaft fracture were treated using this fixation of the elastic bandage of immobilization of knee-chest position,and 20 newborns were treated utilizing Pavlik harness fixation.All patients were followed up for 24 months.It was compared between the two groups in length of hospitalization,hospitalization cost,the incidence of complications,fracture healing rate and post-operation angulation,rotation and shortening indexes.Results:Compared with the Pavlik harness fixation group,the hospitalization cost of knee-chest elastic bandage fixation group was lower(P<0.05),the difference was statistically significant.There is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of length of hospitalization,complications and fracture healing.The two groups of treatment methods compared in angle formation,rotation and shortness(P>0.05),with no statistical difference.Conclusions:Both knee-chest elastic bandage fixation and Pavlik harness fixation are effective methods for the treatment of neonatal femoral shaft fractures.But the former has lower cost and simpler operation,which is worthy of clinical application.

Metallic Reserves of Submarine Manganese Nodules to be Estimated and Harnessed Prudently: Evidence from China's Jiaolong Manned Submersible

Since the discovery of oceanic manganese nodules during the expedition of the British ocean-going ship Challenger from 1872 to 1876, research and development for seabed manganese nodules have never ceased owing to the huge economic inducements. Manganese nodules are the black or dark brown, spherical or massive Mn-bearing ores, deposits of which are found on the sea bottom. The nodules are a mixture of silicate and insoluble potassium permanganates （also with sub-Ti, Fe and Na permanganates） that contain more than 30 kinds of metallic elements, among which those of greatest economic interest are Mn （27-30%）, Ni（1.25-1.5%）, Cu（1- 1.4%）, Co（0.2- 0.25 %）, Fe, Si, and AI, with minor amounts of Ca, Na, K, Ti, B, H and O.

PAVLIK HARNESS系列疗法治疗小儿先天性髋脱位

自1983年以来我院运用Pavlik Harness治疗3岁以下小儿先天性髋脱位435例497髋,并形成了治疗体系。借助患儿自身的肌肉活动作用,变脱位的不利因素为促进复位的有利因素,使其自动复位。该系列疗法治愈率高,未发现有股骨头无菌性坏死者。