Design and Construction of Rainwater Harvesting and Water-saving Irrigation System of Toona sinensis on Mountain Slopes

In order to collect rainwater and resist drought to enhance the utilization rate of rainfall and water resources, through project rainwater harvesting measures, the total annual rainwater harvesting amount of the six greenhouses was calculated according to annual average precipitation 542.2 mm, up to 1 095.7 m^3. The upper natural slopes of cultivated land were as rainwater harvesting areas, and total annual rainwater harvesting amount was 49 242 m^3 on the mountain slopes with an area of 73.37 hm^2, while total water storage amount was 39 394 m^3 in theory, so it could meet water use for the irrigation of 26.28 hm^2 of T. sinensis land. To be convenient for rainwater harvesting, irrigation and supplying water to the water-saving cellars, one pert-cut and part-fill reservoir （which was 470 m^3 in volume） was built on the mountain slopes at the right rear of the greenhouses, and their altitude difference was 50 m. The reservoir was sealed and was built with reinforced concrete. Water-saving cellars were distributed in front and the middle and at the back of two rows of greenhouses, and they were connected with each other. The reservoir could supply water to the water-saving cellars and also collect water by mountain slopes, from the lower water-saving cellars or deep wells. Two rainwater hervesting ditches that were 1 650 m in length were at the lower edge of arable land in the upper reaches of slopes to intercept rainfall runoff and make it flow into channels and then the sedimentation tanks. The total annual rainwater harvesting amount of the reservoir and water-saving cellars was 1 222.5 m^3.

Dynamic Design and Construction of Highway Cut Slopes in Huangshan Area, China

Deformation and failure of high slope impact the construction and operation safety of highway in the mountainous areas. The deformation and failure are mainly caused by poor design which normally has not well combined with the geological conditions and unplanned construction. Therefore, effective design and construction management should be conducted for ensuring a successful construction without damage and risk. In light of the reality of high slope construction along highway in the Huangshan area, this paper proposes a technical procedure for dynamic design and construction management of high slopes along highway in the mountainous area. The proposed construction management scheme is divided into three phases, i.e., 1) design phase, 2) preparation phase of excavation, and 3) construction phase. During the design phase, experiences and lessons learnt from the design and construction of other high slopes along highway in the same region are summarized. The number of slopes and slope height should be optimized from the aspects of route selection and route form. During the preparation phase of excavation, "Excavation Permit Management System" should be adopted, and construction scheme should be made by the construction unit, then the scientific research and design unit determine whether it guarantees slope stability and makes optimization measures. During the construction phase, the scientific research unit would make proposal of optimization design, and apply the achievements of scientific research into practice through common efforts of various units based on the understanding of excavation and investigation. The management system mentioned above is adopted to conduct dynamic design and construction management for more than 90 slopes along the Huangshan - Taling - Taolin Expressway, and successful results of application have been achieved.

Design and Construction of The Great-West Dyke in Lianyungang Port

The The Great-West Dyke with a length of 6.7 km, the largest sea wall in China, was completed in June, 1994. This paper introduces structure options of nibble mound sea wall on soft foundation and a new type of armour block-hexagon multihole block (HMB) and a new method of treatment for soft foundation by using underwater explosion. Construction practice of some projects in China shows that by using this method good effect of treatment and marked economic benefit can be achieved by using this method.

Design and construction of high and large span cast-in-place reinforced concrete cantilever flowering frame beam

The high and large span cast-in-place reinforced concrete cantilever structure of the office building of some court, which is located I-steel at the cantilever and used steel pipe scaffold as the support, has guaranteed the frame body and structure security by the frame body calculating, on-site test and reasonable construction order.

On the Design and Construction of Family-School Collaborative Education Platform

It is avery important field for educational researcher to use collaborative educational platform to manage and educate students. With the development of the Internet and the popularization of computers, cooperative education is becoming increasingly important. In consideration of the immature stage of the current domestic collaborative education platform, in order to promote the communication among students, teachers and parents, and to facilitate the collaborative supervision and management of teachers and parents, we design and construct the family-school collaborative education platform.

Design and Construction of the Power Plant Multi-flue Chimneys in East China Area

This paper mainly introduces the designand construction of the multi-flue chimneysof Beilungang Power Plant, ShidongkouSecond Power Plant and Waigaoqiao PowerPlant which have been used in East Chinaarea. This paper contains the generalsituation of construction, material selection,lifting scheme of steel inner flue, designfeatures and construction method. It could bereferential to concerned design andconstruction companies.

OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A 6-AXIS FORCE TRANSDUCER BASED ON STEWART PLATFORM RELATED TO SENSITIVITY ISOTROPY

The design method of a 6-axis force robot's transducer based on the Stewartplatform is detailed. For this purpose, the sensitivity isotropy evaluation criteria of thetransducer are defined, and by the aid of computer, the relationships between the criteria and theparameters of all the transducers based on the Stewart platform are investigated within thegeometric model of the solution space, which can provide the theoretical background for the optimalconstruction design of the 6-axis force transducer related to the sensitivity isotropy.

FIDIC new conditions of contract and their applying prospects for the construction industry in China

In this paper, the author gives a brief introduction to the evolution of FIDIC conditions of contract, particularly the background of the 1999 new editions. A detailed discussion is made of the applying prospects referring to the new editions of FIDIC Conditions of Contract in China in 6 aspects: revisions of the existing model contract forms; finding solutions to the payment delay problem; advocating the Design/Build and EPC turnkey project delivery system; clarifying the roles of supervising engineers and opening up the new regions of their work. This paper also prepares a short form model contract for small projects in China, improving the settlement of construction disputes.

Rationally designed approaches to augment CAR-T therapy for solid tumor treatment

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell denoted as CAR-T therapy has realized incredible therapeutic advancements for B cell malignancy treatment.However,its therapeutic validity has yet to be successfully achieved in solid tumors.Different from hematological cancers,solid tumors are characterized by dysregulated blood vessels,dense extracellular matrix,and filled with immunosuppressive signals,which together result in CAR-T cells’insufficient infiltration and rapid dysfunction.The insufficient recognition of tumor cells and tumor heterogeneity eventually causes cancer reoccurrences.In addition,CAR-T therapy also raises safety concerns,including potential cytokine release storm,on-target/off-tumor toxicities,and neuro-system side effects.Here we comprehensively review various targeting aspects,including CAR-T cell design,tumor modulation,and delivery strategy.We believe it is essential to rationally design a combinatory CAR-T therapy via constructing optimized CAR-T cells,directly manipulating tumor tissue microenvironments,and selecting the most suitable delivery strategy to achieve the optimal outcome in both safety and efficacy.

Towards digital architecture,engineering,and construction(AEC)industry through virtual design and construction(VDC)and digital twin

The architecture,engineering,and construction(AEC)industry is undergoing a substantial change,and the tech-nological advancements are shaping the future of this industry.Over years,numerous tools have been developed based on building information modeling(BIM)and the Internet of Things(IoT)to manage a variety of tasks and activities within different construction and operational phases in the AEC industry.Recently,with the advent of novel internet-enabled technologies in providing the ability of real-time connectivity,researchers have started to develop virtual design and construction(VDC)and digital twin approaches to remotely monitor,control,and optimize different work progresses and activities in real-time at any work level in the AEC industry.This paper presents a reference model to illustrates the main advantages and applications of VDC and digital twin,and to demonstrate their trends and anticipated cost savings in the AEC industry at a global level.These technological advancements along with augmented reality(AR)and virtual reality(VR)can offer the unique benefit of real-time monitoring of the current status as well as predicting the future of any physical structure at any level of work.The global demand and usage of these technological advancements will lead to great cost savings in the AEC industry which would be US$950 million in design and construction and US$400 million in operation and maintenance phases in the non-residential AEC industry in 2025.This paper also discusses the future challenges of VDC and digital twin in the industry.As a main line of future research,these technologies can simultaneously be utilized with artificial intelligence to enable human-centered decision making to automate and optimize work progresses.Such integrations of VDC,digital twin,artificial intelligence,and human-centered approaches will shape the future of the AEC industry and provide numerous research opportunities in this domain.

建设创客课程:“创课”的内涵、特征及设计框架

创客课程是创客教育生态的重要组成部分,是推进我国创客教育"落地"的重要抓手;同时,也是新课程改革的重要方向和推进动力。当前,国内创客教育研究者和实践者对创客课程缺乏清晰的认识,阻碍了我国创客教育的顺利开展。创课,特指服务于创客教育的创客课程,是一种有别于传统学科课程的新型课程,具有整合性、研创性、协同性等核心特征。而创客思维既是一种技能也是一种思维倾向,强调创新、创造,鼓励冒险尝试、勇于探究,注重知识的整合性运用,倡导问题意识和批判性反思。创课资源的建设,一方面需要应用创客思维对传统课程进行创客式改造;另一方面应在体验式学习理论和建造主义理论指导下,遵循趣味化、立体化、模块化和项目化这四大理念,按照创课内容体系建构、创课项目设计、创课活动设计、创课评价设计这四个环节,设计全新的创客课程。

把脉以“学”为中心的教学设计

以"学"为中心的教学设计有利于学生的主动探索、主动发现,有利于创新性人才的培养。但这种教学设计也存在夸大适用范围,缺乏系统的方法,在具体开发上没有统一的规范和可参照的体系等问题。在教学中具体可能遇到的障碍也是不可忽视的,如学生的学习特征、教师的教学惯性等。

《计算机组装与维护》课程教学的探索

高职教育的目的是培养合格的技能应用型人才。计算机的组装与维护作为计算机的一门实用技术,在现代社会发展中已经显示出其重要性。在设计课程教学时,要激发学生的学习兴趣,强调学生是认知的主体,使学生对知识形成深刻的理解,并学会将所学的知识应用实际问题中去。

ANALYSIS OF THE DESIGN PROCESS OF GREEN CHILDREN’S HOSPITALS:Focus on Process Modeling and Lessons Learned

Healthcare facilities are among the most complicated facilities to plan,design,construct and operate.A new breed of hospitals is considering the impact of the built environment on healthcare worker productivity and patient recovery in their design,construction,and operation.A crucial subset of healthcare facilities are children’s hospitals where the consequences of poor building system design and performance have the potential to seriously impact young lives with compromised health.Green facilities are not always pursued:they are perceived as difficult to build and costing more than equivalent conventional hospitals.This study explored the design process of the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center(UPMC)and Penn State’s Hershey Medical Center Children’s Hospital to understand the critical steps and processes for green children’s hospital design.Producing a series of process maps that identify the key characteristics in the complex design requirements of a green children’s hospital,this paper reveals the importance of design process to design quality.More broadly,this research will help future project teams meet the complex design requirements of green children’s hospitals.

DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS:LOWERING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN A K-12 FACILITY

The construction industry is embracing sustainable building practices that boost the“triple bottom line”,namely the building’s ecological,social,and financial performance.Since more than 55 million US students spend a significant part of their day in K-12 schools,it is vital that these facilities should provide healthy,comfortable,and productive learning environments.Here we present an in-depth literature review of how educational facilities affect student school performance,comfort,and health,and we examine the role of sustainable design and construction strategies in influencing the physical learning environment in schools.Significant barriers to implementing sustainable strategies are examined,particularly the first cost premium of a sustainable building.A systematic decision strategy is described that incorporates sustainable design strategies,lowering energy consumption and improving indoor environments.A case study describes the process of incorporating sustainable strategies in a K-12 education facility in North Carolina to lower annual energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.Ways to reduce the first cost premium and minimize operating costs over the facility’s life while providing healthy and comfortable learning environments for students and teachers are discussed.The case study school also functions as an experimental learning tool for teaching sustainability to K-12 students,having the potential to improve their attitudes and behavior with respect to sustainability.

建构主义学习理论在职校《程序设计》课程中的应用

建构主义学习在职校程序设计课程中的应用,是以程序设计知识的学习作为载体,把建构主义学习作为新的教学理念渗透到程序设计教学中去的过程。作为信息时代的教师应该把握好在建构主义教学中的角色,不断总结经验。积极探索职校程序设计课程教学的更有效的途径和方法,让学生可以更加自主和高效的学习。

建构主义学习理论与素质教育中的课堂教学设计原则

本文从传统教育和现代教育的争论入手,阐述了超越传统教育和现代教育而形成的建构主义学习理论的基本观点:1、对学习活动本质的理解;2、对学习者的理解;3、对教育者的理解.论述了建构主义学习理论与素质教育的内在一致性和同一性,进而提出以建构主义学习理论为指导设计素质教育中课堂教学的原则是:1、强调'教师主导,学生主体'的观念;2、强调'建构'的作用;3、强调'情境'的作用;4、强调'合作'的作用.

Materials-oriented integrated design and construction of structures in civil engineering—A review

Design is a goal-oriented planning activity for creating products,processes,and systems with desired functions through specifications.It is a decision-making exploration:the design outcome may vary greatly depending on the designer’s knowledge and philosophy.Integrated design is one type of design philosophy that takes an interdisciplinary and holistic approach.In civil engineering,structural design is such an activity for creating buildings and infrastructures.Recently,structural design in many countries has emphasized a performance-based philosophy that simultaneously considers a structure’s safety,durability,serviceability,and sustainability.Consequently,integrated design in civil engineering has become more popular,useful,and important.Material-oriented integrated design and construction of structures(MIDCS)combine materials engineering and structural engineering in the design stage:it fully utilizes the strengths of materials by selecting the most suitable structural forms and construction methodologies.This paper will explore real-world examples of MIDCS,including the realization of MIDCS in timber seismic-resistant structures,masonry arch structures,long-span steel bridges,prefabricated/on-site extruded light-weight steel structures,fiber-reinforced cementitious composites structures,and fiber-reinforced polymer bridge decks.Additionally,advanced material design methods such as bioinspired design and structure construction technology of additive manufacturing are briefly reviewed and discussed to demonstrate how MIDCS can combine materials and structures.A unified strengthdurability design theory is also introduced,which is a human-centric,interdisciplinary,and holistic approach to the description and development of any civil infrastructure and includes all processes directly involved in the life cycle of the infrastructure.Finally,this paper lays out future research directions for further development in the field.

基于建构主义的信息技术与数学课程整合实例

根据建构主义学习理论的基本观点 ,结合信息技术、网络教学环境提供的物质支持 ,就如何在数学教学中设计以建构主义学习理论为基础的信息技术网络教学模式进行探讨。

皮亚杰理论在开放教育《计算机数学》课堂中的应用

在现代远程开放教育形式下,如何进行教学设计是发挥教师指导作用的关键,本文利用皮亚杰建构主义理论 对《计算机数学》中的一个单元进行教学设计和分析,从而对学生“自主学习”情况下教师面授课该怎样上进行探讨,并由 此引发一些思考。