Preliminary Study on Overseas Applicability of Chinese Architectural Design Standards:Taking China-Aided Construction Projects in Asia Since the Belt and Road Initiative as Examples

This research takes China-aided construction projects in Asia since the Belt and Road Initiative as examples to explore the applicability of Chinese architectural design standards in other Asian countries.So far,the standards demonstrated the highest applicability in South Asia is the best followed by Southeast Asia.Chinese architectural design standards for educational buildings showed the highest applicability,followed by office,medical,and sports buildings.This study puts forward some strategies to improve the applicability of Chinese architectural design standards.These strategies include integrating regionalism and local cultural traditions,optimizing energy efficiency,and aligning designs with local usage habits.This study serves as a reference for similar projects in the future.

A comparative study on design standards of screw conveyors in China,Germany,and the USA-Part Ⅱ:Discrete element method

This part of the study aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of technical standards of screw conveyors in China,Germany,and the USA for industrial applications.The source or determination method of empirical coefficients as well as the theoretical foundation of dimensioning-relevant diagrams in these standards is not explicitly documented in the literature.Therefore,instead of less efficient on-site tests,the numerical simulation by discrete element method is conducted.Based on the geometrical and operational designs determined in three standards for horizontal,slightly inclined,and vertical conveyance of three representative bulk solids(barley,lignite,and sand),the potential influencing factors are discussed.With constant particle and contact parameters,the potential deviations caused by particle models are eliminated.Furthermore,the accuracy of power consumption calculation of each standard and the divergence between accessible and required mass flows is comprehensively assessed based on the analysis of simulated outcomes.Two main conclusions are drawn:(1)Particle fall back is barely considered by all three standards and leads to overestimated mass throughput;(2)The decrease in mass throughput caused by an increasing degree of filling can be compensated by slowing down the rotational speed.

Research on Key Points of Design of Standard Plants in Modern Industrial Parks Under the Background of Promoting the Development of New Quality Productive Forces

With the progress of science and technology and the acceleration of industrialization,the modern industrial park is an important carrier of industrial development.The importance of its standard plant design has become increasingly prominent.With the development of new quality productive forces as the background,this research deeply discusses the key points of standard plant design in modern industrial parks.This paper uses literature review and case analysis to systematically analyze the important role of standard plant design in developing new quality productive forces in modern industrial parks and puts forward suggestions for optimizing design.It is found that the rationality,intelligence,and environmental protection of plant design are the key factors affecting the development of new quality productive forces.The paper summarizes the core points of modern industrial park standard plant design to provide a reference for the future development of related industries.

A comparative study on design standards of screw conveyors in China,Germany and the USA-PartⅠ:Theoretical calculation and quantitative analysis

Screw conveyors,widely used devices for transporting bulk materials,play an irreplaceable role in the modern industrial system.Despite of their traditional advantages,designers of screw conveyors still heavily rely on their own country's experiments and standards,which are closely related to empirical data.Therefore,the same conveying task often results in different designs.This work aims to compare the design standards of screw conveyors in China,Germany and the USA.Based on related standards acquired from renowned associations in the three countries,the similarities and particularities of these design guidances are compared.With preforming the geometrical and operational designs for horizon-tal,slightly inclined and vertical conveyance of three representative bulk solids(barley,lignite,sand),the advantages and disadvantages of these semi-empirical designs are comprehensively presented.Fur-thermore,the potential influence of empirical coefficients,which are not explicitly documented,are extensively discussed.By analysing all outcomes,the compatibility and applicability of each standard are qualitatively assessed.

Key Issues and Compiling Approach of Accessibility Design Standards:A Case Study of Shenzhen

Both practice and research of accessible design in China are still in the initial stage,while the regulations and standardization of accessibility is taking shape.Under the framework of engineering standards based on instrumental rationality,to present the core value of humanism and to define the limitations of universal design in the standards are the key issues worth discussing continuously.By comparing the standards of China and abroad,this paper attempts to clarify the approaches for compiling the Accessibility Design Standards for Shenzhen.At the same time,it provides materials for discussion by showing the difficulties and assumptions during the compilation.

Design Method of Equipment Optimization Development Based on Standardization Theory

The matters of equipment optimization development are usually discrete,fuzzy and non-quantitative.It is difficult directly to optimize the equipment development with a mathematical model.A set of methods for designing the equipment optimization development with six dimensions and eight main elements is established based on the theory and method of standardization.The top-tier design space of systematic development of equipment is built up by the relations of basic models,series and model spectrums.The relations of time and space for equipment optimization development are established.The design processes of a six dimension systematic space are expounded.The connotation of each plan in the main system space is analyzed.A design method for an entire equipment is established with standardization theory.The coordinating design methods of equipment technical system and the optimization design methods of equipment integration are discussed.The design methods for universalization and serialization of components and parts are established.The design methods of equipment optimization development highlight the relations of the basic model of platform,the serialization of platform basic models,the modularization of equipment functions,the model spectrum of variant equipment,and the universalization and serialization of components and parts.

Comparison of seismic actions and structural design requirements in Chinese Code GB 50011 and International Standard ISO 3010

This papcr presents a comparison between the Chinese Code GB50011-2001 and the International Standard ISO3010:2001(E),emphasizing the similarities and differences related to design requirements,seismic actions and analytical approaches.Similarities include:earthquake return period,conceptual design,site classification,structural strength and ductility requirements,deformation limits,response spectra,seismic analysis procedures,isolation and energy dissipation, and nonstructural elements.Differences exist in the following areas:seismic levels,earthquake loading,mode damping factors and structural control.

国内外大型邮轮设计建造标准化研究

大型邮轮核心设计建造技术是我国造船行业正在攻克的技术难点之一。本文通过对比分析国内外大型邮轮设计建造技术的发展现状,研究我国大型邮轮自主可控设计建造技术的发展方向,梳理国内外大型邮轮设计建造领域标准化工作进程,明确我国自主技术标准研制的需求与关键内容,提出我国大型邮轮自主设计建造标准化工作发展建议,为今后我国大型邮轮设计建造领域加快推进数字化智能化技术深度应用、加大关键技术标准研制力度、构建完善技术标准体系、实现行业的转型升级提供理论指导。

The Relationship between Interchangeability Standards and Precision Design in Teaching a Course on Interchangeability and Measurement Techniques

This article discusses some views on the relationship between carrying out and applying standards and precision design and the teaching of a course on interchangeability and measurement techniques. It points out that while emphasizing precision design, we should not underrate the significance of interchangeability and standardization. Although there are presently many teaching models available for such courses, each course should be designed separately to preserve its systematic character and integrality. As well, the development of students' abilities in precision design and the application of standards should be strengthened in experimental lessons within each course.

陆路交通基础设施勘察设计智能化路径探讨

研究目的:陆路交通基础设施勘察设计全流程智能化是提高勘察设计效率、质量,引领行业变革的必经之路。为加快推进勘察设计智能化的进程和一体化需要,本文从勘察设计业务流程出发,覆盖铁路、公路两大行业共性技术领域,包括测绘、勘察、选线、路基、桥梁、隧道六大专业,从技术研究、标准建设、平台研发三个方面,对陆路交通基础设施勘察设计智能化路径进行探讨。研究结论:(1)陆路交通基础设施勘察设计智能化可采用以流程为主线、以数据为核心、以智能技术为驱动、以软件平台为载体的总体技术架构,重点攻克“智能测绘、智能勘察、智能选线、智能设计”4套智能关键技术,建立数字化、智能化标准,研发智能勘察设计平台与交付平台,形成陆路交通基础设施智能勘察设计技术体系;(2)4套智能关键技术可实现从基于北斗地基/星基增强服务的基础设施空间地理与地质信息快速获取、多源数据融合及三维数字化表达、多目标智能优化选线、关键构造物设计方案智能决策、数字化建模与集成设计等方面突破;(3)数字化、智能化标准体系构建是从勘察设计数据体系结构、数据存储、数据传递、智能设计要求与算法、成果交付等维度开展标准化研究;(4)智能勘察设计平台与交付平台研发是基于统一的数据与平台架构,采用自主图形引擎,可实现陆路交通智能勘察设计和成果交付,支撑陆路交通基础设施勘察设计领域高质量发展。

学习中心视角下的大单元教学设计

大单元作为学习单位的本质规定,意味着大单元教学的重心不是教授内容而是组织和引导学习,也决定了其教学设计必须以学习为中心。学习中心视角下,大单元教学设计在任务设定、内容生成和时间安排方面分别遵循依学施教、因学而成和以学定时的理念。其内在逻辑表现为,以大观念为内核生成大单元,以大任务为起点驱动大单元,以大活动为过程展开大单元。大单元教学要在素养目标与现实材料的双向比对中提取大观念,在理论学习与经验学习的双层考量中构建大任务,在素养针对性与学科典型性的双重观照中设计大活动。其过程设计可按进阶式学习、平行式学习、迭代式学习等模式展开。

长条形件杂货集装箱化的智慧分拣系统设计与管理研究

以具备标准化运输的长条形件杂货为研究对象,参考标准40英尺集装箱以及现有件杂货装卸设备的尺寸结构,设计从存储到装卸分拣的智能设备和一体化系统。通过数值计算、应用CAD构图和三维模型对智慧分拣系统进行结构分析,并配合作业流程标准化设计,提出可适用于长条形件杂货集装箱化的智慧分拣系统实现方案。仿真模拟的结果表明,长条形件杂货集装箱化后箱体立体化堆叠效果可将土地利用率提高1.6~2.4倍,构建的智慧分拣系统能够减少5倍的人力需求并提高近2.4倍的装卸效率。智慧分拣系统的设计打破人工作业能力限制,满足高峰生产作业时段对效率的需求,也为件杂货智慧港口的发展提供了参考方向。

电气设备抗震设计规范及水泥工程管线桥架抗震设计分析

分析了国内外现行电气设备抗震设计相关标准规范,分析了水泥工程中常用的不同型号的电气配管、母线槽、电缆桥架是否需作抗震设防设计,提出了抗震支吊架设计使用注意事项,利用Revit软件制作了抗震支吊架族模型,以满足水泥工程总承包项目抗震设防需求。

论我国可分离性标准的重塑

美国法中的可分离性标准是立法政策选择的结果,本质上是一项事实命题。我国司法实践中的可分离性标准借鉴自美国立法,但由于缺乏实体法依据,其被视为思想/表达二分法的自然推论加以适用,这决定了我国的可分离性标准在本质上有别于美国,是一项价值命题。司法实践对这一差异的忽视导致可分离性标准在我国的适用出现了判断困境、逻辑矛盾以及功能异化等问题。对此,应当明确可分离性标准的价值命题属性,并基于著作权法平衡激励创造与保留进入之要求,以公平和效率为价值取向重塑我国的可分离性标准。具体制度构建方面,将可分离性标准定位为权利范围的限定准则,根据实用艺术品艺术性表达部分的可替代程度之高低适用不同类别的保护模式。

气象业务综合监视数据标准化设计与应用

打造开放的气象综合业务实时监控体系,全面提升气象业务的运行质量与效率是气象信息化发展的重要工作。针对气象综合业务监视范围广泛、内容多样以及传输密集等特性,为实现海量监视数据高效、完整及准确的采集、传输与处理,本文设计了一种基于标准化数据分类的可扩展的监视数据内容模型。该模型对种类繁多的监视数据进行抽象与概括,划分了监视数据的类别;描述了每一类别监视数据的通用属性;同时依据核心监视功能的数据需求,在通用属性的基础上进一步设计了典型的监视数据属性域内容。该模型具备通用性、可扩展性特点,在中国气象局“气象综合业务实时监控系统(天镜)”的建设中得到广泛应用,并在2022年发布为气象行业标准,为国省共有核心监控功能的实现以及各省特有监控范围的扩充提供了有效的监视数据支撑。

铁路物流装卸机械数据平台及配置计算系统研究

随着“一带一路”建设的推进,铁路物流总量和种类日益增多,针对站场装卸机械配置计算的科学性、高效性需求,开展装卸机械数据平台及计算系统研究。提出了装卸机械设备和工程全过程设计数据层次结构,建立了元数据定向驱动和组合标准,嵌入各类装卸机械的配置计算规则,实现了设备选型、配置数量、房屋面积、定员等中间成果的智能计算。采用B/S架构,通过界面、数据库、文件、图形多组件开发技术,开发了网络化的全过程辅助设计系统,搭建项目信息库、知识库、模板库、审核意见库4个标准库,实现对全过程设计数据的记录和管理,智能定制项目的计算标准及设计标准,实现了设计全过程接口资料、投资概算、说明书的标准化输出,革新铁路物流装卸机械配置设计模式。

Application of Standardization for Initial Design of Plastic Injection Moulds

Today, the time-to-market for plastic products ar e getting shorter, thus the lead-time for making the injection mould is decreasin g. There is potential in timesavings in the mould design stage because the design process that is repeatable for every mould design can be standardized. T he preliminary work of any final plastic injection mould design is to always pro vide an initial design of the mould assembly for product designers (customers) p rior to receiving the final product CAD data. Traditionally and even up till no w, this initial design is always created using 2D CAD packages. The information used for the initial design is based on the technical discussion checklist, in which most mould makers have their own standards. This checklist is also being used as a quotation since the most basic information of the mould in the particu lar project is being recorded in it. The basic information in this checklist in cludes the number of cavities, the type of mould base to be used, the moulding m achine to be used for the moulding, the type of gating system, the type of resin material used and its shrinkage value etc. Information on special requirements such as the number of sliders or lifters to be used is also listed in the check list. At this stage, there is still no information on the cooling and ejection design since they are greatly dependent on the final product CAD data. This res earch focuses on the methodology of providing the initial design in 3D solid bas ed on the technical discussion checklist, which takes the role of the overall st andard template since every sub-design has its own standard template. An examp le of a sub-design that has its own standard template is the cavity layout desi gn. The cavity layout for plastic injection moulds can be designed by controlli ng the geometrical parameters using a standardization template. The standardiza tion template for the cavity layout design consists of configurations for the po ssible layouts. Each configuration of the layout design has its own layout desi gn table of all the geometrical parameters. This standardization template is pr e-defined in the layout design level of the mould assembly design. This ensure s that the required configuration can be loaded into the mould assembly design v ery quickly without having the need to redesign the layout. This makes it usefu l for technical discussions between the product designers and mould designers pr ior to the manufacture of the mould. Changes can be made to the 3D cavity layou t design immediately during the discussions thus the savings in time and avo idance of miscommunications.

日本HEAS-02-2022《医院设施设计指南(空调设备篇)》介绍

日本HEAS-02《医院设施设计指南(空调设备篇)》已经持续应用了30多年,对我国医院建设影响较大。历经4次修订,最新颁布的2022版是由医学主席在疫情中主持修订的,鉴于气溶胶新的传播特性提出了相应的合适措施。在医疗环境控制方面提出了许多新的思路与措施,局部修订了空气洁净度级别和各医疗科室的通风要求。依据感染管理风险评估及推荐强度与证据质量实施合理的医疗环境控制,并对一些关注点进行了澄清。