Texture development and tensile properties of Mg?Yb binary alloys during hot extrusion and subsequent annealing

Ytterbium(Yb)containing magnesium alloys have aroused extensive interest due to their excellent mechanical properties after thermomechanical processing and heat treatment.Unfortunately,the sole effect of Yb addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pure Mg matrix remains uncertain to date.In this work,the effects of Yb concentration on the texture development and tensile properties of pure Mg matrix during hot extrusion and the subsequent annealing were systematically investigated.The results revealed that the constitutional supercooling induced by Yb addition refined the as-cast microstructure but exerted a negligible effect on the original columnar grain morphology.When extruded at 300°C,the dynamic recrystallization(DRX)process was considerably retarded.The in-grain misorientation axes(IGMA)analysis combined with TEM observation indicated that non-basal slips operated with increasing Yb concentration.Specifically,the prismaticslip should be robustly activated in Mg-1.0 Yb extrudate,promoting the formation of the texture with{10?10}plane normal to the extrusion direction(ED),while for the Mg?2.0 Yb counterpart,the increased activity of pyramidal<c+a>slip and the relaxation of basal/<c+a>dislocations generated an ED-tilted texture component.The preferential grain growth dominated the subsequent annealing texture development at 400°C when a comparable grain size was achieved.An obvious ED-tilted texture intensity with the peak around<12 13>was observed in Mg-2.0 Yb alloy,which was primarily caused by grains with the basal orientation vanished and with the non-basal orientations intensified due to a higher concentration of Yb solute.Favored by the grain refinement,the Mg-2.0 Yb extrudate exhibited a high tensile yield strength of 304±3.5 MPa,while the subsequently annealed counterpart presented a favorable elongation to failure of 14.8±1.2%,which mainly due to the homogeneous grain structure,weak ED-tilted texture,and dissolution of coarse phases after high-temperature annealing.

Development of Texture Mapping Approaches for Additively Manufacturable Surfaces

manufacturing(AM)technologies have been recognized for their capability to build complex components and hence have ofered more freedom to designers for a long time.The ability to directly use a computer-aided design(CAD)model has allowed for fabricating and realizing complicated components,monolithic design,reducing the number of components in an assembly,decreasing time to market,and adding performance or comfort-enhancing functionalities.One of the features that can be introduced for boosting a component functionality using AM is the inclusion of surface texture on a given component.This inclusion is usually a difcult task as creating a CAD model resolving fne details of a given texture is difcult even using commercial software packages.This paper develops a methodology to include texture directly on the CAD model of a target surface using a patch-based sampling texture synthesis algorithm,which can be manufactured using AM.Input for the texture generation algorithm can be either a physical sample or an image with heightmap information.The heightmap information from a physical sample can be obtained by 3D scanning the sample and using the information from the acquired point cloud.After obtaining the required inputs,the patches are sampled for texture generation according to non-parametric estimation of the local conditional Markov random feld(MRF)density function,which helps avoid mismatched features across the patch boundaries.While generating the texture,a design constraint to ensure AM producibility is considered,which is essential when manufacturing a component using,e.g.,Fused Deposition Melting(FDM)or Laser Powder Bed Fusion(LPBF).The generated texture is then mapped onto the surface using the developed distance and angle preserving mapping algorithms.The implemented algorithms can be used to map the generated texture onto a mathematically defned surface.This paper maps the textures onto fat,curved,and sinusoidal surfaces for illustration.After the texture mapping,a stereolithography(STL)model is generated with the desired texture on the target surface.The generated STL model is printed using FDM technology as a fnal step.

Development and Application of the Professional Software for Formulation Optimization Design

Aim To research the computer optimization design in material formulation. Methods The professional software including experimental design, mathematical modeling and optimization of single and multiple purposes was developed and applied to the formulation design for the flame retardant ethylenepropylene-diene mischpolymer (EPDM) insulation composites. With the aid of equipartition design, the mathematical models were established based on the optimization of the four properties (limiting oxygen index, volume resistance, tensile strength and elongation). Results The models from limited experiments had good significance, and the modeling analysis conclusions were in good agreement with later experiments. The optimization formulation was practically excellent. Conclusion The software enables practically a comprehensive multi-purpose use of material formulation research.

Landscape Design Method of Sustainable Development Based on the Modest Principle

＂Over＂ phenomenon exists in all fields of society, and over thoughts and behaviors not only waste resources, but also destroy the ecological environment.Landscape design is also facing the dilemma of over planning, over design and over construction. Based on the paraphrase and explanation of ＂degree＂, the principle for modest landscape design with the concept of sustainable development was explored through the analysis on the concept of sustainable development, which emphasized the ＂degree＂ standard in landscape design, and the combination of regional features with native features to carry out ecological design, with the aim to facilitate the landscape designers to design the ＂modest＂ landscape with sustainable development.

Lean Product Development Process with Design Verification Stages in the Value Stream of Automotive Industry

In the automotive industry, lean projects and innovation creation come to life by being updated under the control of systematic interdisciplinary process flows. The lean product development process that changes the shell, defined under the light of the variables created by the competitive conditions, is today measured by the value flow efficiency and the global market spread of the final product. Consequently, the lean product development approach, which aims to identify and purify all the wastes that do none value or create value to the system or cause burdens in the new product development process, is shaped by step-by-step approvals in the flow. In the main automotive industry company practices within the scope of the research (3 national, 3 international), the beginning of the concept of lean in design is to define and optimize the steps in the product development process under the value stream map. Therefore, the product function for which the customer has paid for, the function of the new product or the physical structure used to meet the needs in question, the comfort, life, experience, innovations of the scope that constitute the new product concept are planned and verified and implemented in the simplified automotive design stages at the beginning of the lean product development process. In this research, initial automotive design objectives and stages are at the focal point of the innovation and added value creation brought by the concept of “lean” approach. The research is modelled on the determination of steps that do not create added value together with the points where the flow circuits’ or stems, the process is devalued, the interdisciplinary holistic studies intensify, the information and delay begin and end in the sequential and simultaneous design validation step transition stages, which are examined under the lean approach. As a visual and virtual tool that enables the elaboration of nominal values such as the total duration of the design verification stages and the influence of interdisciplinary stakeholders or the test level of the product design with the new product added, it reveals the value flow or losses. Hence research;from innovation creation and new product design steps, which constitute the initial stages of the lean product development process, to design verification analysis, the efficiency of the automotive company processes within the scope of the research has been measured by comparing using lean automotive design techniques, methods and concepts.

The “Static” and “Dynamic” Design Verification Stages of the Lean Development Process: Automotive Industry

he design verification steps that take place in today’s automotive industry, which constitute the values of each successive or simultaneous phase in the new product development process, create a complex structure with the inclusion of each new technology and discipline. Therefore, step by step, each design verification phase definition in the flow contains important phase transition measurements or approval tolerances that ensure the simplicity and continuity of vehicle development processes. In addition, classification of design verification stages within the framework of this study or evaluation in two classes (static and dynamic) is a new approach, but it is a synthesis with the analysis of the new product development process. The vehicle’s basic structure, which constitutes the ergonomic and functional requirements of the vehicle in a static environment, takes into account the dynamic environment variables with crash or accident tests. Increasing new technology adaptations in the automotive industry have changed the new product development process that performs this function structurally and created the concept of design verification under consecutive or simultaneous process simplicity. From the autonomous driving to the use of alternative energy, possible accident scenarios and design verification phase transitions in the integration of parts and systems of the newly developed vehicle create a new structure that models and directs the lean product development process especially in the automotive industry in the coming days. In the lean product development process that takes place in the automotive industry, the design verification transition steps or the approval-control analysis of the development stages, which form a new and effective approach, are re-modeling the entire flow. Therefore, successful execution of design verification steps used in the control of new interdisciplinary product development phase transitions provides value creation.?Within the scope of this study, the effectiveness of the static and dynamic design verification steps, which are carried out in 5 global automotive companies included in the research, which constitute the stage transitions of the new product development process, has been measured. Apart from the design verification transition stages, the process variables that differ among the automotive companies involved in the research are excluded from the scope of this study. In other words, in field researches in the automotive industry, new vehicle design steps or basic engineering steps in the new product development process steps, while creating independent fixed variables, interdisciplinary collaborations, static and dynamic design verification transition stages they perform, or their sequence in the basic flow, is accepted as a dependent variable. Therefore, in the study, the positive effect of the automotive companies that included the static and dynamic design verification phase transition approvals in the lean product development process was investigated. Under the comparative analysis structure of the research, the effect of automotive companies, which accept international vehicle specifications as static design verification input, on market performance has been examined in depth. The detailed depth in the comparison analysis conducted under the second field studies of the study is due to the prediction of dynamic design verification stages to provide a high impact on the market performance, according to the static verification analysis. The new product development stages of the dependent variables were fixed and the flow-oriented?“effect”?of the independent variables in the basic process influenced by the design verification activities was analyzed under the new automotive industry company comparisons. In addition, the impact of the automotive design activities that make up the comparison analysis of the research on the scope of the lean product development stage and its effect on the basic process flow has been demonstrated competition-oriented. Therefore, sub-variables, options, criteria, results, which form a defined comparison problem, create basic test values that affect the problem.

Design and Development of TGPSIS Based on SuperMap—Map Subsystem

The Three Gorges Project (TGP for short) is the key project to train and develop the Yangtze River of China,with multi-objects of flood defence,electricity generation,shipping,etc.However,sediment plays an important role in beth constructing of engineering and exerting efficiency of TGP.Special attention,there- fore,has been paid to sediment problem of TGP since the very beginning of this engineering's pregnancy.Up to now,much observed data and fruitful researches about TGP have come into being,and a sci...

Research on Development Tendency of College Campus Environmental Landscape Design in China

At the background that existing colleges largely construct campuses,the paper has illustrated the importance,significance and function of college campus environmental landscape design,and factors affecting it.It considers that college campuses tend to be developed into green ecological campus,regional humanistic campus,and knowledge research campus.Finally,by taking the East Lake Campus of Zhejiang A & F University for example,the campus division planning and scientific achievements' application planning have been illustrated.

ADAPTABLE DESIGN IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

A newly emerging design pattern, named as adaptable design （AD）, which aims at developing products that are adaptable from design to post-life cycle, is discussed. AD consists of four main phases： product modeling, design platform, specific design and product redesign. A new process-based design data model （PDDM） is presented which is organized according to the principles of convenient knowledge extraction, data representation, layout, sharing and reuse. Based on the PDDM, a universal design platform for product family development is established, which has characters of modularity, parameter-driven, variant design, etc. The framework of the platform is also proposed as a conceptual structure and overall logical organization for generating a family of products. AD methodology is successfully applied to develop a family of tunnel boring machine （TBM） for different engineering projects, with the efficiency of our developing team being greatly increased.

Landscape Design of Commercial Housing Based on the Comprehensive Development Model of City Complex——A Case Study on Landscape Design of Chenglong-International

With the acceleration of urbanization, city complex as an intensive urban organization form has gradually grown up in China. By consulting relevant documents of city complex, emergence background and related concepts of city complex were introduced, landscape design of Chenglong-International was analyzed to propose landscape design principles and concepts of city complex under the compound development model, landscape processing techniques of outdoor functional subareas and transitional areas were introduced to provide useful reference for the landscape design of city complex.

Design and Development of Composite Plywood that Integrates Fire Resistance,Water Resistance and Wear Resistance

In order to improve the fire resistance,water resistance and wear resistance of ordinary plywood products in the wood processing industry,three composite structures of plywood products S1,S2 and S3 were designed in this paper,and a reasonable production process was proposed.Through the physical and mechanical properties and fire resistance testing and technical and economic analysis,the applicability of composite plywood was evaluated.The results of the study showed that the physical mechanics of the three kinds of composite structure plywood met the standard requirements,and their fire resistance was far better than that of ordinary plywood.Among them,the S1 structural board had the best overall physical and mechanical properties.The S3 structural board showed the best fire resistance,which was about 1.9 times more than that of ordinary plywood,and the added cost was the lowest.The thin cork board added to the S2 structural board had poor fire performance since the air in the cork board cavities had a certain combustion-supporting effect,which inhibited the fire resistance of high-pressure laminate(HPL)layer.Moreover,the additional cost of the S2 board was the highest,and its comprehensive performance was the worst.The S3 structural plywood product composed of HPL fireproof board with a thickness of about 1 mm in the surface layer and ordinary plywood with a thickness of about 12 mm in the core layer was the most cost-effective product,which could meet the needs of various fields such as construction,home furnishing,decoration and transportation.

Curriculum Development and Instructional Design for “Industrial Robot Simulation Technology Training”based on Robot Studio

Taking the application of virtual simulation technology of industrial robot in teaching as the researchobject, a detailed research is conducted on the importance of course, principles of curriculum development,curriculum objectives, teaching content, teaching methods, teaching process and assessment methods in severalaspects. And the actual teaching for a semester according to this research, through the virtual simulationteaching, improved teaching efficiency, improved the industrial robot application level and ability of thestudents, reduced the equipment failure rate, and laid a solid foundation for the subsequent course.

Design Method of Equipment Optimization Development Based on Standardization Theory

The matters of equipment optimization development are usually discrete,fuzzy and non-quantitative.It is difficult directly to optimize the equipment development with a mathematical model.A set of methods for designing the equipment optimization development with six dimensions and eight main elements is established based on the theory and method of standardization.The top-tier design space of systematic development of equipment is built up by the relations of basic models,series and model spectrums.The relations of time and space for equipment optimization development are established.The design processes of a six dimension systematic space are expounded.The connotation of each plan in the main system space is analyzed.A design method for an entire equipment is established with standardization theory.The coordinating design methods of equipment technical system and the optimization design methods of equipment integration are discussed.The design methods for universalization and serialization of components and parts are established.The design methods of equipment optimization development highlight the relations of the basic model of platform,the serialization of platform basic models,the modularization of equipment functions,the model spectrum of variant equipment,and the universalization and serialization of components and parts.

RESEARCH ON PRODUCT INNOVATION DESIGN IN VIRTUAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

An integrated template of virtual product development alters primarilysequential tradition mode of product life cycle. The template integrates all processes of productdevelopment using digital modem. An environment of virtual product development provides productdevelopment environment of integration, communion, network, concurrent and collaboration. Combiningdevelopment of new rapier loom, an innovated design process is researched in virtual productdevelopment, which consists three portions: constructing an integration development environment,innovation design and manufacturing simulation. The innovated design process realizes reversedesign, mechanism concept design, structural design and analysis, performance analysis andmanufacturing process simulation of virtual product, which can enhance greatly product performanceand reduce cost and development cycle of new product.

Analysis of the Development Strategy of China Petroleum Design ＆ Engineering Company

China Petroleum Design & Engineering Company (CPDEC) is a new corporation established in the year 2001. The company puts forward its development objectives for becoming a first-class national and international desigh firm within 5 to 10 years. In this paper, the theories and techniques related to the business environment and strategy are used to make an analysis of the companys development objectives. According to the analysis of the environment and internal conditions of CPDEC, we suggest adoping the strategic measures for reaching the development objectives on the basis of the SWOT (the acronym of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis method. Some conclusions and recommendations on the companys situation and strategies are given.

A small-spot deformation camouflage design algorithm based on background texture matching

In order to solve the problem of poor fusion between the spots of deformation camouflage and the background,a small-spot deformation camouflage design algorithm based on background texture matching is proposed in this research.The combination of spots and textures improved the fusion of the spot pattern and the background.An adversarial autoencoder convolutional network was designed to extract background texture features.The image adversarial loss was added and the reconstruction loss was improved to improve the clarity of the generated texture pattern and the generalization ability of the model.The digital camouflage was formed by obtaining the mean value of the square area and replacing the main color.At the same time,the spots in the square area with a side length of 2 s were subjected to simple linear iterative clustering to form irregular small-spot camouflage.A dataset with a scale of 1050 was established in the experiment.The training results of three different loss functions were investigated.The results showed that the proposed loss function could enhance the generalization of the model and improve the quality of the generated texture image.A variety of digital camouflages with main colors and irregular small-spot camouflage were generated,and their efficiency was tested.On the one hand,intuitive evaluation was given by personnel observing the camouflage pattern embedded in the background and its contour map calculated by the canny operator.On the other hand,objective comparison result was formed by calculating the 4 evaluation indexes between the camouflage pattern and the background.Both results showed that the generated pattern had a high degree of fusion with the background.This model could balance the relationship between the spot size,the number of main colors and the actual effect according to actual needs.

Design and Development of System Platform of "Study on Relationship between Natural Phenology and Climate Change" Based on WEB and GIS

[Objective] The research aimed to study design and development of system platform of 'study on relationship between natural phenology and climate change' based on WEB and GIS. [Method] Relied on the technologies of WEB and GIS, a set of system platform of 'study on relationship between natural phenology and climate change' was developed based on the hybrid architecture of C/S (Client/Server) and B/S (Browser/Server). Moreover, its establishing process and functional module were detailedly introduced. [Result] The natural phenology and climate change in Guangxi were research objects of system platform of 'study on relationship between natural phenology and climate change'. By combining WEB and GIS with database, the primary application of 'study on relationship between natural phenology and climate change' was realized. The system used hybrid architecture of C/S and B/S. The four-layer architectures were independent to improve security, stability and maintainability of system. The visual interface on the foreground was simply, clear and easy to use. The generating program of GIS three-dimensional graph on the background was real-time and high-efficiency, providing powerful guarantee for stable and safe operation of phenology research work process. The system had functions of inquiry, analysis, statistical diagram, GIS three-dimensional graph and data export. Through the analysis of natural phenology observation data, the system could find variation rule of natural phenology as three-dimensional space (longitude, latitude and altitude) and its relationship with climate change. [Conclusion] The research laid good foundation for further deeply carrying out application of 'study on relationship between natural phenology and climate change', and also provided reference basis for recognizing nature and using change rule of phenology to execute production scheduling and strategic decision (seed-introduction and regionalization).

Using texture synthesis in fractal pattern design

Traditional fractal pattern design has some disadvantages such as inability to effectively reflect the characteristics of real scenery and texture. We propose a novel pattern design technique combining fractal geometry and image texture synthesis to solve these problems. We have improved Wei and Levoy (2000)’s texture synthesis algorithm by first using two-dimensional autocorrelation function to analyze the structure and distribution of textures, and then determining the size of L neighborhood. Several special fractal sets were adopted and HSL (Hue, Saturation, and Light) color space was chosen. The fractal structure was used to manipulate the texture synthesis in HSL color space where the pattern’s color can be adjusted conveniently. Experiments showed that patterns with different styles and different color characteristics can be more efficiently generated using the new technique.

Autonomous Vehicle Design in Lean Product Development Processes for Value Stream Map

The global automotive industry is giving a difficult and common test in order to create advanced life models in the near future plans or scenarios that include current autonomous vehicle technologies. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is to comparatively evaluate the impact of autonomous vehicle technologies, which are newly included in the automotive manufacturing industry under sustainable competition, on lean product development processes, value acquisition and preservation, in different organizational structures in the approach. Although mergers or brand acquisitions in the global automotive industry create joint R & D (Research Development) or joint new P & D (Product Development) process structures for the development of autonomous vehicle technologies, heavy competition continues in the market. These new processes create different needs for the merger and partnership of the renewed traffic infrastructures under national and international regulations, and for the implementation of the new autonomous life model. Firm and brand marriages, mergers or acquisitions in today’s automotive industry have ensured the high diffusion of lean product development processes under the stream of value creation or preservation carried out specific to the company under competition. Brand mergers in automotive industry companies struggling to survive under high competition create new work disciplines, professions, and engineering flow steps in lean product development processes. However, lean product development processes driven by technological innovation under simplification have resulted in the integration of parts and systems within the autonomous vehicle design structure, as well as creating new interdisciplinary value streams or different stakeholders. Therefore, the research revealed the significant effects of lean product development processes on the value stream in the automotive industry, on the mixed and lean product development process structure formed by new or existing vehicle systems (conventional vehicle) under the penetration of each existing and new discipline. This research compares the efficient operation steps of the process stakeholders in the autonomous vehicle design parts or systems containing innovation and new technology together with the value stream in the lean product development process, and the new process stakeholder’s business-oriented global and local automotive industry companies. New autonomous vehicle technologies, together with their unique software, hardware and development analysis, have been involved in the lean product development process with their interdisciplinary studies or expertise. Therefore, the study firstly focused on the technologies in environmental use together with the new basic features of autonomous vehicles, and then examined in depth the new or existing disciplines and interdisciplinary basic structure that these innovations affect under the value stream in the lean product development process. In addition, micro-level results and recommendations were shared, shedding light on how autonomous vehicle levels will create changes in the new product development process.

Research on Design Optimization Strategy in Virtual Product Development

Simulation and optimization are the key points of virtual product development (VPD). Traditional engineering simulation software and optimization methods are inadequate to analyze the optimization problems because of its computational inefficiency. A systematic design optimization strategy by using statistical methods and mathematical optimization technologies is proposed. This method extends the design of experiments (DOE) and the simulation metamodel technologies. Metamodels are built to in place of detailed simulation codes based on effectively DOE, and then be linked to optimization routines for fast analysis, or serve as a bridge for integrating simulation software across different domains. A design optimization of composite material structure is used to demonstrate the newly introduced methodology.