Sustainable Design of Turbofan Engine： A Computer-Aided Design and Finite Element Analysis

A compressive design and analysis of a turbofan engine is presented in this paper. The components of jet engine have been analyzed based on mechanical design concept. An attempt has been to select materials based on sustainability and green design considerations. The energy content （e） of the materials has been one of the parameters for material selection. The choice of material has a substantial impact on cost, manuthcturing process, and the life cycle efficiency. All components nose cone, fan blade, inlet shaft, including compressor has been solid modeled using Siemens NX 11.0 CAD software. The finite element analysis of every component was performed and found safe. A tolerance analysis was performed before assembly of the turbofan engine. A numerical analysis was completed on blade and inlet geometries to determine a more efficient turbofan engine. Thermal analysis was executed oi1 the cone and suitable corrections were made. Finally, the cost and the total energy were estimated to show how much energy is needed to manufacture a turbofan jet engine.

MOTION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ACCUMULATOR FOR HYDRAULIC ROCK DRILL

ＭＯＴＩＯＮＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＡＮＤＤＥＳＩＧＮＯＦＡＣＣＵＭＵＬＡＴＯＲＦＯＲＨＹＤＲＡＵＬＩＣＲＯＣＫＤＲＩＬＬＬｉｕＳｈｉｘｕｎ（ＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌａｎｄＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＣｅｎｔｒａｌＳｏｕｔｈＵｎ...

Impact Performance Research of Re-Entrant Octagonal Negative Poisson’s Ratio Honeycomb with Gradient Design

Based on the traditional re-entrant honeycomb,a novel re-entrant octagon honeycomb(ROH)is proposed.The deformation mode of the honeycomb under quasi-static compression is analyzed by numerical simulation,and the results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.The deformation modes,mechanical properties,and energy absorption characteristics of ROH along the impact and perpendicular directions gradient design are investigated under different velocities.The results indicated that the deformation mode of ROH is affected by gradient design along the direction of impact and impact speed.In addition,gradient design along the direction of impact can increase the initial peak stress of ROH and accelerate its densification phase.Gradient design perpendicular to the impact direction can enhance the energy absorption performance of ROH,especially for ROH,with wall thickness increasing from the inside outwards.Compared to ROH with uniform wall thickness at the same relative density,ROH with a gradient design can increase the plateau stress by over half.With the elevation of impact velocity,the plateau stress and specific energy absorption exhibit an upward trend,aligning with the dynamic performance pattern observed in conventional honeycombs.The results can be used as a reference for the design and application of honeycomb and provide a new idea for developing more efficient and reliable energy-absorbing materials.

Improvement of the Life Cycle Costing Method in DesignStage Using KBIMS Library

With the advent of the fourth industrial revolution,the construction industry has undergone a paradigm shift.The smart construction technology market is expected to grow 12%annually in developed countries due to advanced technology investments.It is expected that businesses requiring highly sophisticated technology,for instance companies that need their old facilities upgraded,will become the main focus of the market.As building information modeling(BIM)design is becoming mandatory,such as in the Korea Public Procurement Service,researches regarding building automation,construction,and operation integration management systems based on BIM are conducted.In addition,for construction projects of over 10 billion won,design value engineering(Design VE)implementation,including life cycle cost(LCC)analysis,is mandatory at the design stage to improve quality and reduce the lifetime costs of buildings.In this study,we propose an improvement plan for LCC analysis at the design stage using the KBIMS library,which is an open BIM library developed by the Korean government and research groups.We analyze the existing LCC method,KBIMS library,and attribute information,and model the process that is applied in the LCC analysis system.This is expected to complement the LCC analysis system and improve work productivity.

基于nCode Design-Life的某车架疲劳可靠性分析

针对某型半挂牵引车车架局部出现裂纹或者断裂现象,通过有限元理论和疲劳分析理论相结合进行了车架的有限元分析和疲劳可靠性分析。首先对该车架进行了建模和有限元静态特性分析,然后定义了特定的时间载荷序列数据和材料参数,选用了S-N疲劳设计和静态疲劳分析方法,利用疲劳分析软件nCode Design-Life对该车架进行疲劳可靠性分析,得出该车架的疲劳结果云图和各节点的疲劳寿命,并从相关云图中确定出车架容易破坏的位置和其寿命之后再进行样车实验验证。

基于nCode Design-Life的电动客车车架疲劳寿命分析

针对某型电动客车车架疲劳及寿命问题,本文以有限元理论和疲劳分析理论相结合的方法,对电动客车车架进行静强度分析和疲劳寿命校核,建立有限元模型并进行受力分析,定义特定的载荷谱和材料疲劳数据;同时利用S-N静态疲劳设计方法,选用疲劳分析软件nCode Design-Life对该车架进行疲劳可靠性分析。分析结果表明,该车架的疲劳寿命为1.558×106次,许用行驶里程为650 000km,与公交客运车行驶里程参考值约为400 000km相比,结果满足要求。该研究实现了电动车减重节能,增加了续驶里程,为车架优化设计及寿命模型的建立提供了理论依据。

基于nCode Design-Life的某液压缸疲劳可靠性分析

针对某型径向柱塞马达液压缸工作过程中出现的裂纹现象,在Workbench和n Code Design-Life软件中对液压缸进行有限元分析和疲劳可靠性分析。得出该液压缸的疲劳寿命和疲劳损伤云图,确定液压缸的易破坏位置为轴根部,试验验证结果与软件分析相一致。

DESIGN OF RECONFIGURABLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS WITH STRONGLY COUPLED NATURE

Today＇s manufacturing cnvironmem forces manufacturing companies to make as many product variations as possible at affordable costs within a short time. Mass customisation is one of most important technologies for companies to achieve their objectives. Efforts to mass customisation should be made on two aspects： （1） To modularize products and make them as less differences as possible; （2） To design manufacturing resources and make them provide as many processes variations as possible. This paper reports our recent work on aspect （2）, i.e. how to design a reconfignrable manufacturing system （RMS） so that it can be competent to accomplish various processes optimally; Reconfignrable robot system （RRS） is taken as an example. RMS design involves architecture design and configuration design, and configuration design is further divided in design analysis and design synthesis. Axiomatic design theory （ADT） is applied to architecture design, the features and issues of RRS configuration design are discussed, automatic modelling method is developed for design analysis, and concurrent design methodology is presented for design synthesis.

Sustainable manufacturing,life cycle thinking and the circular economy

Achieving sustainable patterns of consumption and production is perhaps the biggest challenge facing our society today. The de-mand for more safe environmentally benign products is rising and many companies are looking for new ways to progressively improve the sus-tainability of their products. Moreover, there are numerous opportunities and countless innovations, technological as well as non-technologi-cal,that need to be exploited to improve the sustainability of products. Manufacturing industry is an important sector of any economy and hasthe potential to become a driving force for enabling sustainable patterns of production and consumption through introducing efficient productionpractices and developing products and services that help reduce environmental impacts. The benefits of adopting an integrated policy towardsproduct development based on life cycle thinking and eco-design to stimulate improvement of the environmental performance of each part ofproduct life cycle phases and achieve sustainable patterns of production and consumption are emphasized. The challenges in implementingsustainable manufacturing and the circular economy approaches are listed. A number of solutions are suggested to face up these challenges,for instance, increased awareness of enterprises particularly SME's of product life cycle issues and the opportunities that are available for costsavings and profit making from eco-innovation in product development for both the domestic and export markets and providing practical helpand advice directly to enterprises on integrated product development to promote enterprise led Eco-innovation. Aiming at contributing to sus-tainable manufacturing in China, Sino-UK Low Carbon Manufacturing Consortium, a multi-disciplinary research and educational partnershipbetween academia, industry and government agencies in the UK and China with interest in sustainable manufacturing issues, has been formedrecently.The vision, aims and benefits of membership of the consortium are also discussed.

Development of Performance-Based Tunnel Evaluation Methodology and Performance Evaluation of Existing Railway Tunnels

The concept of performance-based design, which mainly focuses on mechanical performance, has become the international standard, as in the case for ISO. The standardization of tunnel design has not been achieved because it requires integration of separate specialized fields, such as geotechnical engineering, structural engineering and concrete engineering. It is also required to clarify performance-based criteria for tunnel structures to suit specific use purposes (objectives), establish the concept of survey, planning, design, construction and maintenance based on such criteria, and develop proper management systems for operation and maintenance to suit specific tunnel use purposes. To this end, it is vital to develop a methodology for evaluating and verifying the performance of existing tunnels. This paper presents a new concept of performance requirements for tunnel structures and describes the method of quantitatively evaluating the total performance of existing tunnels in relation to the required performance, assuming the total performance to be based on the Analysis Hierarchy Process.

Energy and Cost Analyses of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Microgeneration Systems for Different Climate Zones of Turkey

The environmental and energy problems that have arisen in Turkey because of the dramatically increase in energy consumption require the implementation of energy efficiency and microgeneration measures in the building sector which is the main sector of primary energy consumption. Since Turkey is highly dependent on exported energy resources, the basic energy policy approach is based on providing the supply security. In this regard, supporting for in situ energy production, encouraging the use of renewable energy sources and the systems such as microgeneration systems in order to meet the energy requirements of buildings would be considered as a key measure for resolving the energy related challenges of Turkey and dealing with the sustainability issues. Turkey’s geographical location has several advantages for extensive use of most of the renewable energy sources such as especially solar energy. However, this huge solar energy potential is not being used sufficiently in residential building sector which is responsible for the great energy consumption of Turkey. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce a study which investigates, on a life cycle basis, the environmental and the economic sustainability of solar Photovoltaic (PV) microgenerators to promote the implementation of this system as an option for the renovation of existing residential buildings in Turkey. In this study, main parameters which were related to the distribution of modules to be installed in flat roofs and facades and the evaluation of the PV systems were taken into account. The effect of these parameters on energy generation of PV systems was analyzed in a case study considering different climate zones of Turkey;and the decrease in the existing energy consumption of the reference building was calculated.

Structural optimization design of semi-rigid base asphalt pavement using modulus matching criterion and multi-indicator range analysis

Damage to semi-rigid base asphalt pavement is related to improper matching of the pavement structure moduli.This study mainly focused on the modulus matching of structural layers and the development of a pavement structure optimization method.First,the modulus loss of existing pavement structures was analysed,and a three-dimensional finite element model was established based on the existing pavement.Second,the influence of the modulus of each structural layer on the mechanical response indicators and fatigue life was analysed.Based on the results,a pavement structure design method using the smoothness of the stress-strain curve as the modulus matching criterion of the structural layers was proposed.And it was found that a strain convex point was present and that the stress mutation between the structural layers was significant when the modulus matching of the pavement structure was reasonable.Further,the evaluation indicators were divided into two groups,namely,mechanical indicators and fatigue life indicators.And it was proposed an optimized pavement structure design method based on modulus matching and multi-indicator range analysis.Finally,the optimal modulus combination of pavement structure was determined by this method.The research systematically studied the influence of the modulus of each structural layer on the mechanical response and fatigue life of the pavement,and proposed the concept and specific executive criteria of modulus matching for the first time.Meanwhile,it also provided an effective optimization method for pavement structure design.

Deduction of Design Equations for Durability Performance Improvement of Voice Coil Type Linear Actuator for Servo Valve Operation

The precise hydraulic valve is widely used in various industrial fields like aircraft, automobile and general machinery. Linear actuator is the most important device for driving the precise hydraulic valve. The reliable operation of linear actuator has effects on the overall hydraulic system. The performance of linear actuator relies on frequency response and step response according to arbitrary input signal. In this paper, the analysis for the components of linear actuator is performed to satisfy the reliable operation and response characteristics through the reliability analysis, and also deducted the design equations to realize the reliable operation and fast response characteristics of voice coil type linear actuator for servo valve operation through the empirical knowledge of experts and electromagnetic theories. The design equations are suggested to determine the values of design parameters of linear actuator as like bobbin size, length of yoke and plunger and turn number of coil, and calculated the life test time of linear actuator for verification of reliability of the prototype. In addition, for reducing the life test time, the acceleration model of linear actuator is proposed and the acceleration factor is calculated considering the field operating conditions. And then, the achieved design values are verified through accelerated life test and performance tests using some prototypes of linear actuators adapted in servo valve.

基于变密度法的SLM增材制造无人机承载接头结构拓扑优化设计

针对某大型无人机机身轻量化需求,以选区激光熔化(Selective laser melting, SLM)制造的承载接头结构为研究对象建立有限元模型,基于ANSYS Workbench计算接头结构在不同极限工况下的强度、刚度性能,并根据材料最大许用应力准则进行校核.采用拓扑优化变密度法,以应力最小化为目标、保留质量40%为响应约束,对接头结构进行拓扑优化,根据优化结果设计两种重构方案并进行静力学验证.结果表明,两种模型重构方案分别减重了13.8%和13.3%,在轻量化程度相近的情况下,方案Ⅱ明显具有更小的应力分布以及变形程度,即最优重构方案成功实现轻量化设计,与原结构件相比质量减轻13.3%,且相较于其他方案承载能力最强,满足静态结构设计要求.为大型无人机承载接头结构实现低成本、轻量化的结构设计探索了新的途径.

不同弹性模量计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造桩核材料的应力分析

背景:桩核修复是牙体缺损修复的一种常规选择,然而不同桩核材料的修复效果存在差异。目的:利用有限元方法评估不同弹性模量桩核修复模型中桩核与牙根黏结剂部位的应力分布情况。方法:在三维建模软件中构建一个三维根管治疗过的上颌中切牙模型,进行全瓷冠修复,修复中的桩核材料分别使用纳米陶瓷树脂(弹性模量12.8 GPa)、复合树脂(弹性模量16 GPa)、混合陶瓷(弹性模量34.7 GPa)、玻璃陶瓷(弹性模量95 GPa)、钛合金(弹性模量112 GPa)和氧化锆(弹性模量209.3 GPa),将模型约束在皮质骨中,在中切牙牙冠舌侧1/3处加载与牙体长轴呈45°的100 N集中力,通过最大主应力分析修复模型中桩核、牙本质及桩与牙根黏结剂的应力分布。结果与结论:(1)当使用弹性模量较高的桩核材料时,修复模型中的桩核应力较集中;当使用弹性模量接近牙本质的桩核材料(纳米陶瓷树脂和复合树脂)时,桩核的应力分布较均匀;无论桩核材料如何,各修复模型中牙本质上的应力分布相似;使用弹性模量更高的桩核时,修复模型中桩与牙根黏结剂处显示出更多的应力集中。(2)纳米陶瓷树脂模型中桩核、牙根及桩与牙根黏结剂处的最大应力值分别为31.00,33.21,0.51 MPa,复合树脂模型中桩核、牙根及桩与牙根黏结剂处的最大应力值分别为36.84,33.14,0.59 MPa,混合陶瓷模型中桩核、牙根及桩与牙根黏结剂处的最大应力值分别为64.05,32.83,1.00 MPa,玻璃陶瓷模型中桩核、牙根及桩与牙根黏结剂处的最大应力值分别为112.30,32.69,1.73 MPa,钛合金模型中桩核、牙根及桩与牙根黏结剂处的最大应力值分别为120.00,32.17,1.86 MPa,氧化锆模型中桩核、牙根及桩与牙根黏结剂处的最大应力值分别为148.80,31.85,2.28 MPa。(3)桩核材料的弹性模量越高,进行桩核修复时桩核处的最大应力值越大,桩核材料弹性模量对修复模型中桩与牙根黏结剂处与牙本质的最大应力值无明显影响。

Deep tissue near-infrared imaging for vascular network analysis

Subcutaneous vein network plays important roles to maintain microcirculation that is related to some diagnostic aspects.Despite developments of optical imaging technologies,still the difficulties about deep skin vascular imaging have been continued.On the other hand,since hemoglobin con-centration of human blood has key role in the veins imaging by optical manner,the used wavelength in vascular imaging,must be chosen considering absorption of hemoglobin.In this research,we constructed a near infrared(NIR)light source because of lower absorption of hemoglobin in this optical region.To obtain vascular image,reflectance geometry was used.Next,from recorded images,vascular network analysis,such as calculation of width of vascular of interest and complexity of selected region were implemented.By comparing with other modalities,we observed that proposed imaging system has great advantages including nonionized radiation,moderate penetration depth of 0.5-3 mm and diameter of 1 mm,cost-effective and algorit hmic simplicity for analysis.

Development and application of a model for analysis and design phases of Web-based system development

Despite a short history of the Web development, Web-related technologies are rapidly develop- ing. However, the Web application quality is improving slowly, which requires efficient methods for devel- oping Web systems. This study presents a model for Web-based software development for analysis and design phases based on the ISO/IEC 12207 standard. It describes the methods used to define processes and entities in order to reflect the contents in Web applications. It applies the methodology of Web-Road Map by KCC Information and Technology using this model to the public project. As a result, Web-Road Map is proven to be an efficient model to analyze and design Web-applications.

基于路径概率的桥梁全寿命成本计算方法及例证

为解决传统桥梁全寿命设计方法在工程实践中遇到的设计概念模糊、计算方法不明确及与相关规范脱节的不足,以提高公共安全与交通舒适度,降低建造和运营综合成本,提出了基于路径概率并与可靠度结合的混凝土桥梁全寿命成本计算方法。首先,在深入研究桥梁全寿命设计的基础上,依据调研所得桥梁管养投入实际数据,拟合了不同服役地区不同桥梁等级的检测成本计算公式,以及不同公路等级不同养修成本的养修成本取值区间,以此构建了桥梁全寿命成本计算基准。其次,以钢筋在氯离子侵蚀和碳化耦合作用下的锈胀开裂模型为基础,采用路径概率方法构建了桥梁全寿命养修概率模型。然后,通过蒙特卡洛法进行求解,并将养修方案、养修成本通过可靠度指标联系起来,结合规范中关于正常使用极限状态指标的相关规定,提出基于可靠度的全寿命成本计算方法。最后,采用所提方法计算了不同桥梁设计方案在设计使用寿命期内的养修概率,综合建造成本、检测成本和养修成本估算全寿命成本及其对应的可靠度。结果表明:不同可靠度指标的取值对设计方案的全寿命成本有显著影响,随着可靠度指标的提高不同设计方案的经济性均出现先上升后下降的趋势。因此,设计过程目标可靠度的取值不宜过大,可通过一个较低的可靠度指标,适当放宽耐久性设计准入,以允许桥梁在使用过程出现一定的耐久性问题,并通过后续养修进行矫正,这样对于全寿命成本而言,更具有经济性。

浅析冲压模具的设计方法及材料选用与制造技术

冲压模具的设计方法,材料的选用和模具制造技术会直接影响到模具的质量、精度和寿命。为了提高模具的这些性能指标,对冲压模具的设计,材料的选用和模具的制造进行了分析,梳理了冲压模具的设计原则和基本思路,介绍了冲压模具常用的金属材料和选用原则,并分析归纳了冲压模具常用的制造技术。